1、at the right cost，to the right customer。中国定义：物流（logistics）：物品从供给地向接收地的实体流动过程。根据实际需要，将运输、储存、装卸、搬运、包装、流通加工、配送、信息处理等基本功能实施有机结合。物流管理（logistics management）： 以最低的物流成本达到用户所满意的服务水平，对物流活动进行的计划、组织、协调与控制。Key components（构成） of logisticsTransport（运输）：运输是指用设备和工具，将物品从一地点向另一地点运送的物流活动。其中包括集货、分配、搬运、中转、装入、卸下、分散等一系列操作。
2、举例：运输模式、船队管理、交付操作的类型、装载计划、路线安排。Storage/warehousing（存储/仓储）：保护、管理、贮藏物品。仓储地点、配送仓库的数量和大小、操作类型。Material handling（物料搬运）：在一个存储区域范围内的货物的短距离移动。物料搬运的选择、自己完成和外包间的选择。Inventory（库存）：一个企业所持有的货物的单位量和或价值。存储什么、在哪存储、订购多少、何时订购。Packaging（包装）：包装是指为在流通过程中保护商品、方便运输、促进销售，按照一定技术方法而采用容器、 材料及辅助物等的总体名称，也指为了达到上述目的的操作活动。Informati
3、on and control（信息与控制） ：订单处理系统、设计系统、采购控制、预测。Lec 1.2小题：When was physical distribution substituted by logistics formally in the western world?（在西方世界传统物流正式被现代物流所取代是什么时候？） In 1980s.When was logistics introduced in Japan? 二战后50s。When was logistics introduced in China? 90s.Logistics and physical distributi
4、on?（现代物流和传统的关系是什么样的？） 现代物流包含传统物流。Lec 1.3Logistics is the links among different enterprises and industries in the economy system. （物流是经济系统中联系企业和制造业的存在）Logistics cost is one significant element of social total cost. （物流成本是社会总成本中一个重要的元素）Logistics cost as a percentage of GDP to measure the rate of econo
5、my growth. （物流成本在GDP中的占比可以衡量经济增长）Value-Added Role of Logistics（物流的增值角色）Form utility （what）形式效用：Refers to the value added to goods through（指的是商品价值的增加）.举例：manufacturing /production or assemble process（制造业产品的组装过程）Place utility （where）空间效用：A value that logistics creates in a product by changing the prod
6、ucts location（物品地点的转移创造价值）. 举例：Transportation creates place utility.Time utility （when）时间效用：A value created in a product by having the product available at the time desired（保证产品能够可靠的在一定时间内到达而产生价值）.举例：The transportation and warehousing create time utility.Quantity utility （how much）数量效用：Refers to del
7、ivering the proper quantities of an item to where it is demanded（指将适当数量的物品运送到需要的地方）.举例：Logistics creates quantity utility through production forecasting, production scheduling and inventory control.（物流通过产品预期，产品计划和库存控制的方式创造数量效用）Possession utility （why）占有效用：The value created by marketings effort to in
8、crease the desire to possesses a good or benefit from a service.（这种价值通过营销来增加对物品所有权和益处的服务而创造）Effective logistics management can help business reduce cost so that it can provide cost advantage. （成本优势）Effective logistics management can help provide superior customer service so that this can enhance dif
9、ferentiation advantage （差异性优势）Logistics interfaces in the firm（与企业其他部门的联系）: Manufacturing, Marketing, Accounting.Logistics Interfaces with Operations/ Manufacturing：Length of production runs（生产运行时间的长短）：Inventory cost（库存成本）Seasonal demand（季节需求）：Acceptance of seasonal inventory to balance production t
10、imes.（寻求季节性库存与产品供应的平衡）Supply-side interfaces：Stocking adequate supplies to ensure uninterrupted production.（储备充足的物资，保证不间断生产）Logistics Interfaces with Marketing：The Marketing Mix 4 PsPrice、Product、Promotion（促销）、Place（渠道）Logistics Interfaces with accounting：ROA= gross profit /assetLec 1.4What are comp
11、any s competitive advantages?Superior product quality（优良的产品质量）Superior customer service（优良的客户服务）Wide distribution network（广泛的配送网络）Brand loyalty（品牌忠诚）Patents（专利）Superior management teamwork（优良的管理团队）Low cost plants（低成本工厂）Ownership of raw material supplies（原材料供应所有权）Competitive Advantage- Cost advantage
12、Absolute cost advantage（Lower costs than competition at all levels）：（直接成本优势）Superior production technology（高级生产技术）、Low cost input supply（低成本投入供给）、Low cost operations（低成本运作）、Lower end-to-end delivered cost provided by logistics management（物流管理所提供的更低的终端到终端的交付费用）Relative cost advantage：（间接成本优势）Economic
13、 scale（经济规模）、Experience curve（经验曲线）能够带来的效果：Capacity utilization（能力利用率）、Schedule integration（计划整合）、Low waste（低浪费）、Low inventory（低库存）Competitive Advantage- DifferentiationProduct：Quality（质量）、Price、Performance（展示）、DesignService：Availability（可用性）、Pre-sale advice（售前咨询）、Finance（资金供给）、Delivery（配送）、Maintena
14、nce（维修）、After-sales service（售后服务）Marketing Intangibles：（营销型无形资产）Brand identity（品牌识别）、Brand image（品牌形象）、Reputation（信誉）、Corporate image（企业形象）Tailored service（订制服务）、Reliability（可靠性）、Information（信息）、Flexibility（灵活性）、Responsiveness（反应性）Lec 1.5What is a system?系统是由一组相互关联,功能相关的要素、变量、部件, 物体组成的统一整体.What is S
15、ystems Concept?系统概念是强调整体有效性而非强调系统的个体的有效性的一种决策方法.Elements of Logistics System：流动要素7要素：流体、载体、流向、流量、流程、流速、流效Cost PerspectiveThe most efficient systems are not always comprised of each system component operating at its lowest possible cost.（最有效的系统不总是每个子系统操作成本最低的系统）The critical concern is to have the ent
16、ire system operating at its lowest total cost.（关键是要让着整个系统以最低的成本运作）What is Optimization?（优化）The process of making something as good or as effective as possible with given resources and constraints（限制）.（在给定资源和约束条件下，使某物尽可能好的方法或尽可能有效的方法）delivery times（交货时间）, minimum production capacity（最小生产能力）, financia
17、l limits（金融限制）Level of Optimality：Within logistics components（物流组件内部）Between logistics components（物流组件之间）Between company functions（公司行为之间）Between the company and external organization（公司与外部组织之间）Approaches to Analyzing Logistics SystemsMaterials Management v. Physical Distribution：材料管理与传统物流Material m
18、anagement （inbound logistics）输入物流：The movement and storage of materials from suppliers and vendors into production processes.（物料从供应商到生产过程的运动和储存）Physical distribution（outbound logistics）输出物流：The process related to the movement and storage of products from the end of the production line to the end use
19、r.（从生产线到终端用户的移动和存储产品的过程。）4 different classifications of logistics systems：Balanced system （平衡系统）- e.g., consumer products（消费品）Heavy inbound（偏进货型） - e.g., aircraft, construction（造船、建筑业）Heavy outbound（偏出货型） - e.g., chemicals（化学品）Reverse systems（逆向系统） - e.g., returnable products（可回收物品）Cost Centers：成本中心
20、Total Logistics cost（物流总成本）：Trunking cost（primary delivery,初级配送）点对点：工厂配送中心Local delivery costs（secondary delivery,二级配送）点对多点：配送中心很多客户Order processing costs（information system cost）（订单处理成本）Inventory holding costs（库存持有成本）Warehousing/storage costs（仓储成本）Cost trade-off（成本悖反原理）：The interrelationship among
21、system variables indicates that a change in one variable has cost impact upon other variables.（系统变量之间的相互关系表明，一个变量变化也会影响其他变量变化）增加仓库的数量：不利于风险分担、汇集预测，因此满足客户需求需要远多于原先的库存成本。Nodes versus Links：节点与连线Nodes are spatial points：节点是空间上的点仓库、工厂。Links are the transportation network：连线构成运输网络铁路、摩托、空运、管道、水运。Logistics
22、 Channel：物流渠道The network of intermediaries （n.中介,中间商） involved in（参与） the logistics system.in which participants（参与） engaged in（从事） storage, handling, transfer, transportation, and communications functions that contribute to（有助于） the efficient flow（流动） of goods.Lec 2Drivers of The Business changeThe
23、 Empowered Consumer（日益强大的消费者）：Informed consumers （Multiple channels of information）（通知消费者）Time -key consideration factor（时间关键考虑要素）Higher quality requirement（高质量需求）Less loyalty（更低的忠诚度）Power shift in the supply chain and Organization consolidation： （供应链中权力转移与组织的融合）：Large retailers more demanding and c
24、ommanding（大量零售商的需求）Low cost strategy “everyday low prices”.（低成本战略“天天低价”）Wal-Mart, ToyRus, Home DepotLarge retailers pressure on their supplier（manufacturer） to focus on logistics and supply chain strategy （大量的零售商给了供应商在注重物流和供应链战略上的压力）企业之间合作越来越多，如VMI（供应商管理库存）Government policy and regulation （政府的政策和规制）
25、：解除管制，增加竞争Telecommunication（电信）、Transportation（运输）、Finance（金融）、Energy（能源）Globalization（全球化）：最主要的驱动力Global marketplace（市场） ,Global sourcing（采购）, manufacturing（制造）, marketing（营销） and distribution（分配）, etc.Supply chain management=global supply chain managementTechnology（技术）：Change driver as well as a f
26、acilitator of change（变革的工具）; Information provides new and unrestricted（不受限） access to the place aspect of business. 互联网Warehouse technology（仓储技术）Data processing and data analysis（数据进程与数据分析）Communication（沟通）Sustainable Development（可持续发展）：臭氧层、热带雨林、全球变暖、酸雨、核废料、能源储备、可耕地减少、噪音污染环境等保护问题Environmental Protec
27、tion Factor（环境保护因素）Green Logistic system （绿色物流系统）Packaging and transportation（包装与运输）What is A Supply Chain?是什么：A supply chain can be viewed as a series of integrated enterprises （ or an extended enterprise 拓展的企业）做什么：that share information and coordinate（协调） physical execution（执行）内容：to ensure a smoot
28、h, integrated（完整的） flow of goods, service, information and cash through the pipeline（渠道）.What Is Supply Chain management?整体指的是：Supply chain management is the INTEGRATION（整体） of those upstream（上游） and downstream（下游） flows of products, services, information and cash。参与者：across boundaries of suppliers,
29、 manufacturers, wholesalers（批发商） and retailers（零售商） and end customers in a supply chain。目标：minimize total system cost （最小化整体系统成本）and satisfy customer service requirements（满足客户需求）国际定义：The management of upstream（inbound） and downstream （outbound） relationship with suppliers and customers to deliver superior customer value at less cost to the supply chain as a whole.（上游输入物流和下游输出物流的关系与顾客和配送顾客低成本供应链的整体）利用计算机网络技术全面规划供应链中的商流、物流、信息流、资金流等并进行计划、组织、协调与控制。Relationship between LM and SCMSupply chain management is very much a strategic planning process, with a particular emphasis on strategic decision-m
