1、过去时体 一般体进行体完成体完成进行体最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配一般现在every , sometimes,at , on Sunday 现在进行now, 现在完成for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in the past years, always, recently 一般过去yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982, just now 过去进行this morning, the whole morning, all
2、 day, yesterday, from nine to ten last evening when, while 过去完成before, by, until, when, after, once, as soon as 一般将来next, tomorrow, in 过去将来多用在间接引语中表示发生在谓语动作以后的动作一、一般现在时态1.基本用法：1） 表示现阶段经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态、特征、客观真理。常用的时间状语有often , usually , always , sometimes , every day/week等。提醒：当第三人称单数作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。e.g
3、.They are both fine, too. The sun rises in the east. He gets up at six oclock every day.2.特别用法:1）在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。If you dont go soon, youll be late.You mustnt eat anything until you see the doctor.2） begin , come , go , leave , start , stop , arrive , return , open , close等动词常用一般现在时表示按计划、
4、规定将要发生的动作。e.g. Class begins at eight in the morning.3）描述过去的事实，以求描绘的生动性。 The river rises higher and higher, breaks the banks and fills all low places.二、一般过去时态1.基本用法:1 ）表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等 。 e.g. He bought the computer five years ago.2） 表示过去
5、经常性或习惯性的动作,e.g. We often played together when we were children.注:表示过去习惯性的动作,可用would, used to, e.g. He used to go to work by bus. 1）过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。 动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等,表试探性的询问、请求、建议等。I thought you might have some. I wondered if you could help me. 情态动词 could, would。 Could you lend me
6、 your bike?2）现在或将来非真实的动作或状态，属虚拟语气的范畴 。Its time that we went.If he arrived tomorrow, I should meet him at the airport.三、一般将来时的几种用法1.be going to：表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事，这种打算往往经过事先考虑，甚至已经做了某种准备或表示非常可能发生。2.shall/will do表示未事先考虑过，即说话时临时想到的。3.be to do sth.表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作或表示吩咐、命令、禁止等。4.be about to do sth.表示“即刻，就要”
7、，后面不能接表示将来的具体的时间状语。注意：be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来的时间状语连用。5.be due to与时间表,旅行计划等有关。 The train is due to leave at 7:00. 6.用于条件、时间等状语从句中，例如由if, unless, before, as soon as, when, once引导的状语从句，用一般现在时代替一般将来时。7.少数用于表示动作起止的动词。e.g. go, come, leave, start, arrive, begin等有时也用一般时态代替将来时态。表示一个按规定、
8、计划或安排要发生的动作（表示车、船、飞机等按时刻表要发生的动作）。The plane for Beijing takes off at 930.8.少数用于表示动作起止的动词，e.g. go, come, begin, leave, arrive, return, take, move ,sail , leave , travel 等动词常用现在进行时态表示按计划将要发生的事。The whole familys going for two months. 四、现在进行时（ bev-ing ） 表示此时此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作，具有暂时性、持续性、未完成性的特点。1. 表示现在（指说话人说话时
9、）正在发生的事情。 Were having a meeting. （说话时正在进行的动作）2. 表示现阶段正在进行的动作或表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。 He is teaching in a school. （目前这个阶段正在进行的动作）3. 现在进行时表示将来, 表示按计划或安排要发生的动作,e.g. Im leaving tomorrow.4.现在进行时与always/forever/constantly /continuously等连用,表示满意、称赞、惊讶、厌恶等感情色彩,e.g.Shes always helping others.5.动词be的现在进行时,表示
10、一时的表现或暂时的状态,e.g.She is foolish.（生性如此）She is being foolish.（一时的表现）能这样用的形容词多为angry, careful, clever, stupid, kind, brave, friendly, rude, polite等动态形容词。6. 不用进行时的动词 1）表示事实状态的动词，如have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。e.g. I have two brothers. This ho
11、use belongs to my sister. 2）表示心理状态、情感的动词，如know, realize, think, see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。 I need your help. He loves her very much. 3）瞬间动词，如accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。 I
12、accept your advice. 4）系动词，如seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, 等。 You seem a little tired. 五、过去进行时（was/were v-ing ）过去进行时由“was/were + doing”构成，表示过去某一时刻或某一阶段正在进行或发生的动作。其时间除有上下文暗示外，一般用表过去的时间状语来表示，包括at that time , at six yesterday , at that moment , when he came in 等。1）表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或某一阶段
13、内发生或频繁发生的动作。2）某一动作发生时另一动作正在发生，其中一个在由when或while引导的时间状语从句中。e.g.I was talking when the teacher came in. He was playing while I was studying.2.特别用法1）故事发生的背景The wind was blowing and it was raining hard.2）带有感情色彩的叙述He was making trouble all the time.3）婉转口气I was hoping you could help me.-Hey, look where you
14、 are going!-Oh, Im terribly sorry. _.A. Im not noticingB. I wasnt noticingC. I havent noticeD. I dont notice六、将来进行时（will/shallbe v-ing）基本用法:表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作。 When I get home at 9:00 tomorrow, my son will be watching TV.七、现在完成时（have/hasp.p.） 现在完成时是过去的动作或状态对现在的影响或对现在造成的结果，以及表示从过去开始的动作或状态一直持续到现在。注意以下几点：
15、1. 现在完成时除可以和for, since引起的状语连用外，还可以和下面的介词短语连用：during/in/over the last （past） few years （months, weeks）, in recent years, lately, so far等等。2. 现在完成时还可以用于下列句子结构：It is/has been+一段时间+since从句时间段+has passed + since从句（动词用过去式）e.g.That/This/It is the only.That/This/It is the best/finest/most interesting.3. 延续性
16、动词和终止性动词的用法：延续性动词：work , stand , know , walk , keep , have , wait , watch , read , sleep , sing , live 等。终止性动词：die , arrive , close , become , come , fall , leave , go , lose ,give , jump , join , buy , borrow , start , begin等。1）若表示动作、状态持续时，用延续性动词。e.g. We have studied English for three years.2）延续性动词
17、一般不与表示“点”的时间状语连用。不可以说：It rained at eight yesterday morning.但可以说：It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.3）若表示一次性的动作，则用终止性动词。终止性动词的否定式可以转变为延续性。 I put on my coat quickly and went out.We can come back until 9:00.We didnt come back until 9:4）终止性动词不能用表示一段时间的状语来修饰，要把动词或时间状语作适当调整，句子才能合理。The old man has
18、 died for three years.The old man died three years ago.The old man has been dead for three years.It is three years since the old man died.5）常见终止性动词后接一段时间须进行转换：4.与用一般现在时态表示将来一样,时间状语从句和条件状语从句须用现在完成时表将来,e.g. Ill go with you when I have finished my work.Helen loves to talk about travel. She _many places
19、.A. has gone to B. has been to C. has gone for D. has been in八、现在完成进行时（have/has been v-ing）表示现在以前一段时间里一直在进行的动作, 这一动作可能仍在进行,也可能已停止,e.g. It has been raining since two days ago.2. 现在完成进行时，可用来表示带有一定的感情色彩。- Where have you been ? Ive been telephoning you the whole morning!- Hes been talking to me since th
20、is morning.3. 现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别 现在完成时表示动作截止到现在已完成，着重结果；现在完成进行时表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，也可表示在说话时刻之前刚刚结束的动作，强调动作的持续性。I have written three letters.I have been writing three letters.注意 :有些动词work, study, live, teach等用现在完成进行时与用现在完成时意思差不多。-Isnt it hard to drive downtown to work?-Yes, thats why I _ to work by tra
21、in.have been goinghave gonewas going towill have gone九、过去完成时（had p.p.）1.表示过去的过去 ，时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once e.g. I had hardly opened the door when he hit me. 2.want/think/hope/plan/mean/expect/intend/suppose等动词的过去完成时不定式的一般式（=这些动词的一般过去式后接不定式的完成式）,表示过去未曾实现的愿望、打算、想法等，含有惋惜的感情色彩。I had mean
22、t to come, but something happened.（ I meant to have come, but something happened. ）I had intended to speak at the meeting, but time didnt permit. （ I intended to have spoken at the meeting, but time didnt permit. ）3.一些特殊句型中的过去完成时:1）“It/This/That was the first （second/third）timethat从句”或“It/This/That
23、was the onlythat从句”或“It/This/That was the 最高级 that从句”2）by（ the end of ） / by the time 过去时间, e.g. We had learnt 3,000 words by the end of last term. By the time he came back, we had repaired the machine. 3）no sooner than ; hardly /scarcely/barely when No sooner had he gone to the garden than his son
24、went to play with his classmates. Hardly had he heard the news when he cried.4）表示非真实的，想象的过去动作或状态。I wish I had told him about it. If he had worked harder, she would have succeeded.十、将来完成时（will/shallhave p.p.）1.表示到将来某一时间为止会完成的动作,e.g. When we get there, shell have gone to work.2.by（ the end of ）将来时间, e
25、.g. We will have learnt 3,000 words by the end of next term. By the time he comes back, we will have repaired the machine.十一、过去将来时过去间接引用某人过去的话和想法。E.g.He warned us that the journey would be dangerous.1）现在非真实的动作或状态。If I were you, I would study French.2）客气的请求。Would you mind helping me ?3）愿望。I would lik
26、e a cup of tea.（三）方法列举（List methods）3动词时态的主要考点是什么？ 1.利用干扰时态考查一般现在时或一般过去时 当命题者想针对一般现在时或一般过去时这样的简单时态设题时，他们通常都会同时设置一个其他的干扰时态，以引开考生的视线。此时，考生千万不要受干扰时态的影响而步入命题人的陷阱。 （2010高考英语大纲全国II卷,19）Excuse me. I _ I was blocking your way.didnt realize B. dont realizeC. havent realized D. wasnt realizing 2.考查将来时态的各种表示法及
27、其区别 英语中除可用will, shall, be going to等后接动词原形来表示将来外，还有以下多种方法：用现在进行时表按计划或安排要发生的事；用一般现在时表按规定或时间表预计要发生的事；用“be to+动词原形”表按计划或安排即将要发生的事；用“be about to+动词原形”表示即将要发生的事； 在时间或条件状语从句中，要用一般现在时表示将来意义。（四）能力拓展（Develop skills）1、【2011全国卷,23】Planning so far ahead no senseso many things will have changed by next year.A.mad
28、e B.is making C.makes D.has made【答案】C【考点】考查动词的时态。【解析】句意为“计划这么超前毫无意义到明年许多事情会发生变化的。”前句表示现在的情况make no sense，后句表示到将来会产生的后果will have changed。一般现在时表示主语的特征或状态。is making和has made表示具体的动作过程，故不选。因此选C。2、【2011全国卷,24】I wasnt sure if he was really interested or if he polite.A.was just being B.will just be C.had ju
29、st been D.would just be【答案】A【解析】句意为“我不能确信他是真正感兴趣呢还是仅仅为了表示礼貌。”句前wasnt sure表明说话的起点是过去时，was really interested和was just being polite都是相一致的过去时。3、【2011全国卷,29】When Alice came to, she did not know how long she there.A.had been lying B.has been lying C.was lying D.has lain【解析】句意为“当Alice苏醒过来时，她不知道她在那儿躺了多久了。”过去完成进行时主要表示持续到过去某时之前的动作。came to苏醒过来是过去时，苏醒前的情况是过去的过去，强调过去的过去里发生的事，故选A。4、【2011全国卷II,9】If you dont like the drink you just
