1、有头脑的人的选择有头脑的人的选择 thethinkingmanschoice contactismade.nervesorderthehearttopumpfaster.adrenalinsurgestoaction.nervesconstrictthebloodvesselsintheextremitiesofthebody.skintemperaturedrops.fingersandtoesgrowcolder.bloodpressurejump.analcoholicoradopeaddictinthefirststagesofacure?amanbeingcatapultedinto
2、outerspace?no!theseeffectsstemfromsmokingjustonecigarette. theunitedstatespublichealthserviceisissuingcontinualwarningstosmokers.iftheyabstaincompletelyfromsmoking,theirchancesofacquiringlungcancerwillbeonein275.theirchancesofdyingoflungcancerwillbeonein10iftheybecomeheavysmokerstwoormorepacksaday.l
3、ungcancerisfatalin95percentofallcases. butinspiteofglaringevidenceandfrequentwarnings,thepublicissmokingmoreandmore.thedepartmentofagricultureestimatesthatthisyearsconsumptionofcigaretteswillreach180packsperpersonfifteenyearsofageandover.howmanycigarettesdoesthismeanperperson?3600. whyissmokingsucha
4、nimportantproblem?becausesmokingisnotamerehabit,assomanythinkitis.no,itismoreseriousthanthat.ahabitcanbebrokeneasilyenough,butanaddictioncannot.smokerslapseintohelplessness!danielschubert,oftheuniversityofchicago,quizzed226studentsatalargenorthwesterncollegeabouttheirsmokinghabitswhytheystarted,what
5、satisfactiontheygot,andiftheywantedtostop.accordingtoschubert,theywantedtoquitsmoking;buttheycouldnt. ifoneisaddictedtocigarettes,heisdependentuponthemphysically,aswellaspsychologically.whatisit,ifitisnotaddiction,thatmotivatesamantogooutinsub-zeroweathertobuyapackofcigarettes?ifnecessary,hewilldriv
6、etenmileslateatnighttofindanopendrugstore.whatisit,ifitisnotaddiction,thatmakesamoocherofanotherwisecharmingyounggirl? iwastalkingtoaprofessornotlongagowhohadjustquitsmoking.hetoldmewhatmostofyoualreadyknowthatoncethehabitisstarted,watchout!itisnexttoimpossibletostopsmoking.iaskedhimhowheevermanaged
7、toquitwhenhehadbeensmokingoverapackadayfortenyears.listentohisstory. well,icutdowntoone-halfpackadayforthefirstweek. iwastouchymostofthetime.theslightestirritationmademynervesjangleandmyheadwanttoexplode.thenextweekismokedfivecigarettesadayandhadanevenworsecaseofnerves.thenthefollowingweekichewedgum
8、andsuckedonmints,candy,andpipestems.frankly,iwasntsurefromonemomenttothenextificouldkeepgoing.somehowimadeit. manyofyouknowwhatthisprofessoristalkingabout;you,too,havetriedtobreaktheaddiction,buthavefailed.inthefewminuteswehaveheretodaywecananalyzethemotivesattherootofoursmokingproblem. perhapswecan
9、assurethosewhodonotsmoke,(andiamhappyicanstillincludemyselfinthisgroup),tonipinthebudtheurgesofthosewhoareabouttobeginsmoking,andtoencouragetocut-downthosewhoarealreadyconfirmedsmokers. letsbeginwithgrouppressures.weracetomaturity,togrowupallatonce.wewantpoise,selfconfidence,andlotsoffriends;wewantt
10、obeaccepted. thisneedforacceptanceremindsmeofanincidentthatoccurredinacampussororityhouseduringtherushingperiodlastfall.asororitymemberofferedarusheeacigarette.eagertopleaseandnottoseemdifferent,thegirlblurtedoutaconfident,oh,yes,idloveone!theactivestruckamatch,wascalmlyextendingittowardtherusheewhe
11、ntheflusteredfreshmanmettheactivehalf-waywithcigaretteinhand.theactivewasthunderstruck.youcanimaginehermixedemotionswhilestrivingtostifleheramusementandatthesametimetounderstandthatthepoorrusheehadneversmokedbefore.intheexcitementofthemomentshewasonlyconcernedwithbeingaccepted. thenthereisthegirlwho
12、isseatedinagroup,notknowingwhattodowithherhands.first,sherollsandunrollsthecurlbehindherleftear;thensherummagesinherpurseforsomearticletowaveasaprop.aninspirationflashes,andsheremembersthepackageofkentsinhercoatpocket.whydidntshethinkofthembefore?shealwaysdidthinkwomenwhosmokedlookedmature.whataconv
13、enientproptohavebroughtalong.convenient?yes,sophisticated?no.yearsago,awomanwasthoughtsophisticatedifsheknewhowtosmoke.menwereimpressed.buttodaythepictureischanging,aseveryoneknowshowtosmokeageelevenorup.perhapsnowthenoveltyshouldbethenonsmoker? nowiaskyou.isawomancharmingifshecansitwithherhandsfold
14、edgracefullyinherlap,orisshemorecharmingwhilefidgetingwithonecigaretteafteranother?andyoumenspecificallywhichdoyouprefertheladywhoneedsnopropstohavepoise,ortheladywhothinksacigarettemakeshermorealluringtoyou?takeagoodlookatawomansometimewhensheisinhaling.shedragshard,makesapuckeringnoisewithherlips,
15、tossesherheadbackdrawingadeepbreaththenbellowsthesmokeoutlikethegustfromarocketlaunching.shemayevengosofarastoblowsmokeringsforyou.isshedainty?isshefeminine? thepowerofsuggestionisanotherstrongmotivatingfactorinourlives.haventyouwatchedsomeoneyawnandsuddenlyfeltyourownmouthgapeopen.youletthepowerofs
16、uggestiongetthebestofyou;andbeforeyourealizedit,you,too,wereyawning.now,couldntthissamepowerinduceyoutosmoke?whynot,especiallythroughthemediumofadvertising. iamremindedofamostlymalarkycartoonthatirecentlyclippedoutofthechicagotribune.malarkystrolledintoadrugstore.standingbeforethecounter,hescratched
17、hisheadinsilence.finally,hemutteredtotheclerk,iwantthethinkingmanscigarette,buticantseemtothinkofthename.poormalarky.heonlywantedapackageofviceroyasthethinkingmanscigarette.afterall,ifheisathinkingman,ashethinksheis,heshould,byallmeans,smokehisownbrand. advertisersarefurthertoyingwithmensegosbyappea
18、lingtotheirhiddendesirestobeenergetic,vigorous,andpotent.marlboro,withitshairy-chestedmalesmoker,hassetthepace.thecigaretteismadetoprojecttheimageofarugged,rough-and-readyguy.doesntthisexplainwhymanycigaretteadsdisplaygreatflexingofmasculinemuscles? thewoman,too,isavictimofadvertising.voguecigarette
19、scatchhereye.why?becausetheycomeinpastels.howperfectlyexcitingforthefemaleworld!justthink!shecannowbuycigarettestomatchherwardrobe;andwhatsmore,shecanpurchasematchingcigarettecasesandlightersinanycoloroftherainbow,withjewelsorwithout. yes,wearefrequentlyvictimsofsuggestivedevices.dr.ernestdichtter,h
20、eadoftheinstituteformotivationalresearch,hasconductedaseriesofstudiesforadagenciesonthesubjectofsmoking.hestates,peoplesmoke,notbecauseofthetasteofcigarettes,butbecausesmokingprovidesthemwithcertainpsychologicalsatisfactionstheycangetinnootherway.headdsthatcigarettesareinvolvedinamansstruggleforsurv
21、ival,stability,andsecurity.iamafraidicannotagreewithdr.dichter,foribelievethatamancansurviveandcanfindsecuritywithoutcigarettes.heneedsfood,heneedsshelter,heneedsloveandcompanionship;butcanthesatisfytheseneedsinwaysotherthansmoking? rationalizationmakesastrongimpactonourlives.arewecultivatingrationa
22、lizationsasanexcusetosmoke?iamafraidweare.nodoubt50percentofusherehaveusedasanexcusetocontinuesmoking,thisverycommonremark,ifieverstoppedsmoking,iwouldgaintenpounds.perhaps!acigaretteat4p.m.doesnotcontainthecaloriesthatamilkshakedoes.butthehealthywaytoloseexcesspoundsistoeattherightkindandtherightam
23、ountoffood. weagainrationalizewhenwebuyfiltertipcigarettes.weassureourselvesthatthefilterreducesanydanger,butaccordingtothejuly,1957editionofreadersdigest,thetarandnicotinereductionpossiblethroughafilterrangesfrom7to17percent.thesepercentagesaretoosmalltobereallyprotective.withaperfectfilternosmokec
24、ouldseepthroughjusthotair.somanypeoplebelievethatfiltersarethesolutionthatfiltertipswillaccountforabouthalfofthisyearsoutput.cantweadmitthatwearebeingdupedtoformahabitthatisdetrimentaltomankindahabitthatleadstoaddiction? soyoubegintowonderifmaybeyoushouldquitsmokingthat,afterall,youareanindividual.w
25、hatwouldhappentoyoutomorrowifsomeconclusiveproofshouldsuddenlycomeforthproofthatcigarettesareaone-waytickettodeath?whatwouldyoudo?whodonotsmoke,youveseenwhyothersstartthehabitandtheriskstheyaretaking.beonyourguard.you,whohavetheurgetostartsmokingyouareperchedonafenceandcanjumptoeitherside.whichwilly
26、ouchoose?andyou,whoarealreadyconfirmedsmokers,arenowconfrontedwiththehardestquestionofall.ifyouwantedtostopsmoking,couldyou?couldyoubreaktheaddiction? jeannicot,thefrenchmanwhogavehisnametonicotine,believedthathehaddiscoveredamiracledrug.todaywetrytofilteroutnicotinebecauseofitsharmfulnature.themode
27、rnjeannicotsbelievethatsmokingmakesthewomanmoreattractive,moredesirablethemanmoremasculine,moreindependent. wesaywearethinkingmen!well,arewethinking?cigarette,anyone? 到位了。神经命令心脏跳动加快。肾上腺激素开始涌动。神经促使人手脚处的血管开始收缩。皮肤的温度下降了，手指、脚趾渐渐变凉，血压升高了。这些症状是不是发生在一个酒鬼或一个吸毒成瘾者接受治疗的第一阶段？抑或是一个人正被弹射到外层太空？不！它们仅来自于吸了一支烟。然而，尽管
28、这些吸烟有害健康的证据毋容置疑，并不断向人们发出警告，但吸烟人数还在不断增多。农业部估计，今年的香烟消费量将达到人均180包（15岁以上者）。这将意味着每人吸多少支？3600支。 为什么吸烟是一个如此严峻的问题？因为它不是许多人所认为的只是一个习惯问题。不，它远比习惯来得厉害。一个习惯能轻易地改变，而吸烟一旦上了瘾，就难以自拔了。芝加哥大学的丹尼尔舒尔伯格曾经对西北一所较大的大学的226名学生就吸烟习惯问题做过一次调查是什么原因使他们开始吸烟的？他们从吸烟中获得了什么快感？他们是否有戒烟的打算？从舒尔伯格的调查结果来看，那些学生想戒烟，但是办不到。 如果一个人吸烟上了瘾，他即在生理上对香烟产生
29、了依赖感。如果这不是一种瘾的话，那它是什么？是什么力量能促使一个人在零度以下的恶劣天气里出门去买烟？如果必要的话，他甚至会在深夜开十英里车去寻找一个仍在营业的杂货店。如果那不是一种瘾的话，它又会是什么？它怎么会使原先一个迷人的女孩变成一个无所事事、游手好闲的人？ 不久前，我和一个刚刚戒烟的教授进行了一次谈话。他告诉我你们大多数人已知道的：一旦抽上香烟，当心！因为要戒烟几乎不大可能。于是，我问他，他是如何养成了一天吸一包烟以上的习惯并持续了十年之后，能成功地戒掉了烟瘾。让我们来听听他的故事吧！ 唔，我在一开始的第一个星期里减少了吸烟的数量，每天只抽半包。在那段时间里，我很容易发脾气。稍有点不如意
30、，就会使我极度烦躁，脑袋也像要裂开似的。第二个星期开始，我每天抽五支烟，那时，我的精神状态更糟了。在接着的第三个星期里，我试着嚼口香糖和薄荷糖，当然还有烟斗杆。坦白地说，能不能坚持下去，我也不能肯定。可不知怎么的，我还是做到了。 听了他的故事，你们中的许多人知道他在说什么了。因为你们也曾经尝试过戒烟，只是你失败了。现在，让我们花几分钟来分析一下吸烟的根本动机。 这样说，也许我们能够让那些不吸烟的人（我很高兴我自己属于这一类），在要吸烟时就打消这个念头，并鼓励那些已经上瘾的烟民减少吸烟数量。 让我们从外界压力影响这个角度开始分析。我们希望成熟，希望一下子能长大。我们需要平衡、自信和朋友，我们更期
31、盼被人接受。 这种希望接受的愿望使我想到了一件事。那是去年秋天，在一所大学的女生联谊晚会里发生的事。那时，正在举行一个争取新会员的活动。一个联谊会成员给一位新生一支烟。这个新进大学的女孩急切地想取悦他人，不愿做得与众不同，于是，她自信地脱口而出：噢，好的，我很想来一支！于是，那个递烟的人划了根火柴，平静地伸出手去给她点烟。与此同时，这个新生慌慌张张地拿着烟迎了上去。看着她的样子，递烟的人震惊了。你可想像那复杂的表情。一方面，她努力抑制着自己，不让自己笑出声来；另一方面，她又深深地理解这个可怜的新生她以前从未吸过烟。而这个新来的女孩在这个激动的时刻，什么也不顾，只在意她是否被接受了。 让我们再来
32、看一个例子。在一堆人中，坐着一个女孩，她不知道自己的手该怎么放。一开始，她用手反复地拨弄着左耳后的卷发，接着翻弄着钱袋，想找东西握在手里，这样可显得自然些。突然一个念头从她脑子里冒出来，她记起在外衣口袋里还有一包健牌烟。为什么她不早些想到它们呢？她一直认为吸烟的女人看上去更成熟一些。拿着香烟打发双手该有多方便啊！方便？是的。老练？不！在许多年前，一个女人要是知道如何吸烟，人们会认为她很老练，男人们也会被她吸引住的。但是现在，这种观念早就不存在了，因为，现在每个人都知道如何吸烟，甚至八岁的孩子也不例外。现在，不吸烟可能反而是件新鲜事了。 现在让我来问你，如果一个女人坐着，双手交叉着优雅地放在膝上，而另一个女人，双手一支接着一支地抽着烟，哪一个更有魅力？有一个女人不需要任何物体来平衡她的手脚，另一个女人却认为烟能使她对男人更具诱惑力。作为一个男人，具体地说你喜欢哪一个？好好看看一个女人吸烟的样子，你会看到，她狠命地吸烟，撅起双唇发出一阵嘶嘶声，接着往后一仰，把烟深深地吸了进去然后就像火箭发射时喷出的尾气一样，大口地喷出烟雾。她甚至还会向你吐烟圈。这么一个女人，你能说她俊俏，你能说她有女人味？ 在我们的生活中，暗示的
