1、常在系动词之后。His father is a bus driver.My car is white.We were at school yesterday.Health is wealth. （健康就是财富。）定语用来修饰名词或代词。单个词常在修饰的词前，短语或句子在被修饰的词之后。形、代、数、名、介词短语或相当于形容词的词或短语。The red one is mine.What is his name?A friend in need is a friend indeed.（患难见真情。状语修饰动词、形容词、副词，表示动作发生的时间、地点、目的、方式等。位置较灵活。通常由副词、介词短语或相
2、当于副词的词或短语来表示。Our teacher works very hard.She often helps Mike.They had a meeting in Shanghai.宾语补足语宾语的补足语，逻辑上与宾语是“主谓”关系。在宾语后。由形容词、名词、介词短语等充当。We named the baby Lily.She made the room clean.同位语重复指代并进一步说明名词及名词性词语。在被修饰词后。名词、名词性短语、从句等。They all work hard.John, a friend of hers, has gone.句子成分 学记口诀：主语谓语是基础，宾
3、表定状补辅助。 宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无。简单句的六种基本句型一、主系表结构（S + V + P ）：主语系动词表语（状语）系动词通常与表语一起构成系表结构，用来说明主语的性质、特点或状态等。常见的系动词有be, look, sound, smell, taste, feel, get, grow, turn, become, stay, seem等。 系动词These booksaregreat.This kind of foodtastesdeliciousAll her friendsoutside the doornow.The milkturnedsour. The music
4、soundsniceTom isvery happytoday.【练习导航】翻译下面的汉语句子。1. 他感到有点累。_2. 这听起来是个好主意。3. 我的电脑在书房里。4. 我最喜欢的运动是游泳。5. 那个女孩是我的妹妹。二、主谓结构（S + V）： 主语不及物动词（状语）这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，不及物动词是指那些本身意义已完整，后面不需要接宾语的动词，常见的动词：work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen等。状语 不及物动词（In 2003,）The first bookcame o
5、utin 2003We didnt goto the cinema yesterday.Li Mingworksvery hard.The little girleven harder.The accidenthappenedyesterday afternoon.Last week,I wentto Guilin for my holiday.【练习导航】根据汉语完成下列英语句子，每空一词。1. 他在听。He _ _.2. 昨晚你睡得好吗？Did you _ _ last night?3. 这场雨持续了两个小时。The rain _ _ two hours. 4. 事物总是变化的。Thing
6、s always _.5. 他来中国的梦想实现了。 His dream to China _ _ _. 三、主谓宾结构（S + V + O）：主语及物动词宾语这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词。及物动词后面必须接宾语才能表达一个完整的意思。宾语是动作的承受者，一般由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词等充当。及物动词（Yesterday）Iboughta very good bookyesterday.My fatherlovespictures of cars.Every morningmy motherpreparesbreakfastfor meHeis havinglunch.Sheplanst
7、o travelin May Day.preferstanding. Idont knowwhat I should donext【练习导航】找出下列句子的宾语。1. He handed in his homework this morning. 2. Help yourself to some soup, Jim. 3. He forgot which way to go. 4. Would you mind waiting for a few minutes? 5. Ill do what I can. 四、主谓双宾： （主语及物动词间接宾语直接宾语）1. 主语+及物动词+间接宾语（人）+
8、直接宾语（事物）2. 及物动词+直接宾语（事物）+to / for+间接宾语（人）间宾直宾His hobbyhas broughthimenjoyment.mea very good bikeOn my birthday.my auntsenta box of chocolate.（tofor）+间宾enjoymentto him.to me【温馨提示】1.与to搭配的动词有give, hand, show, send, bring, pass, lend, teach, tell, write, throw, sell, email等。如：Can you lend us your car?
9、=Can you lend your car to us? He brought me a pen.=He brought a pen to me.2.与for搭配的动词有buy, play, get, make, order, choose, sing, pay等。My uncle bought me a watch.=My uncle bought a watch for me. Mother bought me a book.= Mother bought a book for me【练习导航】. 找出下列句子中的直接宾语。1. She gave me her telephone num
10、ber. 2. Bring me some water, please. 3. Ill make you some fresh tea.4. He sang us a folk song. _5. She showed me her paintings. _. 将下列句子改为同义句。6. Tom gave me a nice pen. = Tom _ a nice pen _ me. 7. My mother bought my little sister a pink skirt. = My mother _ a pink skirt _ my little sister.8. She co
11、oked us a delicious meal.=She _ a delicious meal _ us. 9. Tim showed me his nice T-shirt. =Tim _ his nice T-shirt _ me. 10. She made me a cup of coffee.=She _ a cup of coffee _ me. 五、主谓宾补结构（S + V + O + OC）：主语及物动词宾语宾语补足语宾语补足语的主要作用或者是补充、说明宾语怎么样的，担任补语常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。can help youdevelop new
12、skills.dont wantto worktoo hard.Youshould keepthe roomclean and tidy.foundthe boxemptyin the streetHis fathertoldnot to playThe teacherusto do some exercisesWemadeour monitor.The newseveryonehappy.常见的不定式作补语的动词有: tell, ask, advise, help, want, would like, order, force, allow + sb（not）to do sth. 等。注意：
13、动词have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, watch等后面的动词不定式作宾补时，不带to。1） The boss made him do the work all day.2） I heard her sing in the next room all the time last night.找出下列句子中的宾语补足语。1. They call their daughter Mary. 2. Dont leave me behind. 3. I wish you to be happy. 4. I saw her chatting with Nan
14、cy. 5. Good food keeps you healthy. 六、There be句型： There be +主语+（状语） There be句型主要用来表示“某地有某物或某人”。 主语一般位于there be 之后。如果be动词后面有两个或两个以上的主语，be动词选用需要遵循“就近原则”一般和最近的一个保持一致：。 There is a dictionary, three books and a pen on the desk. =There are three books，a dictionary, and a pen on the desk. 桌子上有一本字典，三本书和一支钢笔
15、。. 单项选择（ ） 1. There _ ice on the road last week.A. was B. were C. will be D. are（ ） 2. There _ a football match on the playground this afternoon.A. will have B. is going to have C. is have D. is going to be （ ） 3. There will be enough food for everybody, _?A. wont it B. wont there C. isnt it D. arent there（ ） 4. There _ more than two hundred people killed in road accidents since last month. A. was B. were C. have been D. are . 根据汉语完成下列英语句子，每空一词。5. 院子里有一个男孩正在和一只小狗玩。_ _ a boy _ with a dog in the yard. 6. 没有空气就没有声音._ _ _ sound without air. 7. 没有时间再等你了。_ _ no time _ _ _ you. 4
