1、高考英语高考英语核心动词归类. . . .高考英语核心动词归类动词是英语中最活跃的词类，是句子的核心成分。此外，英语动词的变化较多，形式颇为复杂，是英语学习的难点之一。历届高考英语试题常把动词作为测试的重点， 在单项填空题中所占比例在50%以上。笔者通过对近十年来的高考英语试题进行分析，归纳常考动词十五类，供大家参考。一、连系动词类连系动词按其所表示的意义可分为以下四种：1变化类 表事物发展变化的过程，如become，go，turn，grow，get，fall等。2感觉类 表人体部位的感受，如feel，smell，taste，look，sound等。3状态类 表事物所处的状态，如keep，co
2、me，run，remain，stand，lie，stay，prove等。4外表特征类 表外表给人的印象，如appear，seem，look等。连系动词的作用是后接形容词或相当于形容词的结构作表语。除了少数几个(如feel，get，become，grow等)外，不用于进行时态和被动结构。例如：The mixture is tasted terrible. (误)The mixture tastes terrible (正)Jim pretended to be falling asleep when his mother came in. (误)Jim pretended to fall/be
3、sleep when his mother came in. (正)Im feeling much better than ever before.It was getting darker and darker. Besides, a cold rain began to fall.【高考例题】(1)NMET1994Do you like the material?Yes, it _ very soft.A.is feelingB.feltC.feelsD.is felt(2) NMET2003Why dont you put the meat in the fridge?It will _
4、 fresh for several days.A.be stayedB.stayC.be stayingD.have stayed(3) 2004春上海The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain _ as the plane was making a landing.A.seat B.seatingC.seatedD.to be seating(4) 2002北京Be careful when you cross this very busy street. If not, you may _ run over by a car
5、.A.have B.get C.become D.passed(5)2004天津Happy birthday, Alice. So you have _ twenty-one already.A.become B.turnedC.grownD.passed (6)2004全国Sarah, hurry up. Im afraid you cant have time to _ before the party.A.get changedB.get changeC.get changingD.get to change(7)2004湖北On hearing the news of the acci
6、dent in the coal mine, she _ pale.A.gotB.changedC.wentD.appeared(8)2004上海The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.A.to smell B.smelling C.smelt D.to be smelt(9) 2002春上海Although he has taken a lot of medicine, his health _ poor.A.proves B.remains C.mainta
7、ins D.continues(10)I love to go to the seaside in summer. It _ good to lie in the sun or swim in the cool sea.A.doesB.feelsC.getsD.makes(11) 2005浙江Owe! Ive burned myself!How did you do that?I _ a hot pot.A.touchedB.keptC.feltD.heldKey:CBCBB ACBBBA二、感官动词类常考的感官动词有see，watch，notice，observe，hear，feel，fin
8、d，catch等。感官动词的主要作用是后接非谓语动词的不同形式作宾语补足语，表达不同的含义。1.后接不带to的不定式表示一个发生过或者还没发生具体的动作。I often heard the song sung，but I have never heard you sing itWhen you go to watch the football watch，you will enjoy seeing the Chinese football team win2.后接v.-ing形式表正在进行的动作。Seeing the sun rising above the surface of the se
9、a，we let ont a shout of joy.Hearing this，I felt my heart beating fast3.后接v.-ed形式表被动意义。 After his return twenty years later, he found his hometown greatly changed.Although I had learnt some English, I had never heard a word of it spoken.【高考例题】(1)NMET2000The managers discussed the plan that they would
10、 like to see _ the next year.A.carry outB.carrying outC.carried outD.to carry out(2)NMET2003A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _ in the kitchen.A.smokeB.smokingC.to smokeD.smoked(3)The missing boys were last seen _ near the river.A.playingB.to be playingC.playD.to play(4)NMET1993The sal
11、esman scolded the girl who was caught _ and let her off.A.to have stolenB.to be stealingC.to steal D.stealing(5) 2004春北京He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.A.put B.to be puttingC.to put D.puttingKey: CBADD三、使役动词类表“致使”意义的动词称之为使役动词，如make，let，have，keep，leave，set，
12、send等。使役动词的作用是后接非谓语动词的不同形式作宾语补足语，表达不同的含义。分以下三种情况。1.make，let have等后接不带to的不定式，表“使让某人某物做某事”。Dont make him do it if he doesnt want toIf you have any problems，just let me know在被动结构中不定式须带to，但是have不用于被动结构中。He was made to apologize to the guest2.have，keep，leave，send，set，get等后接v.-ing形式，表持续性动作。Im sorry to kee
13、p you waiting for so long.Why do you have him worrying about his lessons?3.have，keep，leave等后接v-ed形式，表被动含义。He didnt keep on asking me the time until he had had his watch repairedIll keep you informed as soon as I have the news【高考例题】(1)2004天津Dont leave the water _ while you brush your teethA.runB.runn
14、ig C.being runD.to run(2) 2004重庆Laws that punish parents for their childrens actions against the laws get parents A.worried B.to worry C.worryingD.worry (3)2003春安徽Why did you go back to the shop?I left my friend _ there . A.waiting B.to wait C.wait D.waits (4)NMET1991It was so cold that they kept th
15、e fire _ all night. A.to burnB.burnC.burningD.burned (5)NMET1989Good morning, can I help you? Id like to have this package _, madam.A.be weighedB.weighingC.weighedD.to weigh (6)NMET1991The speaker raised his voice but still couldnt make himself.A.hearB.to hearC.hearingD.heard(7)1994上海As you have nev
16、er been there hefore, Ill have someone _ you the way.A.showB.to showC.showing D.showed(8)NMET1995Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard.A.learnB.to learnC.learnedD.learning(9)1999上海A computer can do only what thinking people _. A.have it doB.have it done C.have done itD.having it done(1
17、0)1998上海Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had _ went wrong.A.it B.it repairedC.repaired D.to be repaired(11)2005福建If anyone happens to drop in while Im out,_ him or her leave a messase.A.haveB.getC.askD.tellKey:BCACC DABACA四、含情感色彩的动词这类动词有excite，inspire，encourage，int
18、erest，satisfy，delight，please，move，frighten，surprise，amaze，astonish，shock，worry，astonish，disappoint，discourage，exhaust，puzzle，tire，terrify等。情感动词后接指人的名词或代词作宾语，有v.-ing和v.-ed两种形式，在句中作宾语和表语，v.-ing形式指人，v.-ed形式则指事物。The story was so moving that everyone present was movedto tears. What disappointing result!
19、We were all disappointed with it.Climbing a hill was tiring and we were tired when we reached the summit.高考例题(l)2000春北京Nick is looking for another job because he feels that nothing he does _ his boss.A.servesB.satisfiesC.promisesD.supports(2)2002春NMETlm very _ vith my own cooking. It looks nice smel
20、ls delicious.Mm,it does have a _ smell.A.pleasant; pleasedB.pleased; pleasedC.pleasant; pleasantD.pleased; pleasant(3) 2003春北京Mr. Smith, _ of the _ speech, started to read a novel.A.tired; boringB.tiring; boredC.tired; bored D.tiring; boring(4)2003上海It is believed that if a book is _, it will surely
21、 _ the reader.A.interested; interest B.interesting; be interestedC.interested; be interesting D.interesting; interest (5)2004春上海After his journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home _.A.being exhausted B.exhaustedC.exhausting D.having exhaustedKey: BDADB五、后接不定式动词类afford, agree, choose, determin
22、e, expect, decide, learn,offer, mange, hope, want, wish, promise, refuse, fail, pretend, happen 等动词，后跟不定式作宾语。Thank you for offering to help,but I can manage myself.He learned to ride a bieycle when he was a small boy.(1)NMET1995We agreed _ here but so far she hasnt turned up yet.A.having met B.meeti
23、ngC.to meet D.to have met(2)NMET1992Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening.A.to be takenB.to takeC.being taken D.taking(3)2004辽宁I dont know whether you happen _, but Im going to study in the U. S. A. this September.A.to be heard B.to be hearingC.to hear D.to have heard(4)NMET1989She pr
24、etended _ me when I passed by.A.not to see B.not seeingC.to not see D.having not seen(5)2001上海Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears _ everything.A.to tell B.to be toldC.to be telling D.to have been told(6)2005天津I dont want _ like Im speaking ill of anybody. but the managers plan is unfa
25、ir.A.to soundB.to be soundedC.soundingD.to have soundedKey: CADADA六、后边v.-ing形式动词类该类动词常考的有appreciate, avoid, bear, consider, dislike, delay, enjoy, escape, finish, hate, imagine, keep, mind, miss, practise, postphone, resist, risk, stand, suggest等。这些动词须接v.-ing形式作宾语。例如：I dont mind wailing, but Ive got
26、 to stand in the cold wind.Have you considered making some necessary changes to your plan?Only by practising speaking English every, day can you expect to improve your spoken English.【高考例题】(1) I would appreciate _ back this afternoon.A.you to call B.you callC.your calling D.youre calling(2)1996上海Whi
27、le shopping, people sometimes cant help _ into buying something they dont really need.A.to persuade B.persuadingC.being persuaded D.be persuaded(3)1992上海He has always insisted on his _ Dr. turner instead of Mr. Turner.A.been calledB.calledC.being called D.having called(4)2004上海I really appreciate _
28、to relax with you on this nice island.A.to have had timeB.having timeC.to have time D.to having time(5)1994上海Do you mind _ alone at home?A.Jane leaving B.Jane having leftC.Janes being left D.Jane to be left(6)NMET1991I can hardly imagine Peter _ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.A.sailB.to sail
29、C.sailing D.to have sailedKey: CBCBCC七、后接不定式与v.-ing形式意义不同动词类remember，try，regret，mean forget，stop，go on，cant help等后接不定式与v.-ing形式作宾语，表达含义不同。见下表：动词接动名词作宾语接不定式作宾语remember过去发生的动作将来的动作try尝试做某事努力做某事regret对做过的事表示后悔对要做的事表示遗憾mean意味着做某事企图（打算）做某事cant help禁不住做某事不能帮助做某事go on继续做未完成的事情做完一件事后，接着做另一件事forget忘记以前曾做过某事忘记做某事stop中断正在做的事情中断正在做的事，去做别的事例如：I remember being pad，but Ive forgotten the exactamountPlease remember to send me a photo of your son the next time you write to me.
