1、1、英语句子成分讲解及练习句子成分由词、词组或句子（从句）充当英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial)、补语（complement）。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。一： （主谓）1. The sunrose. 2. Who cares? 3. What he said does not matter. 4. They talked for half an hour. 5. The pen writes smoothl
2、y二： （主系表）1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 2. The dinner smells good. 3. Everything looks different. 4. He is growing tall and strong. 5. Our well has gone dry. 6. His face turned red. 三： （主谓宾）1. Who knows the answer? 2. He has refused to help them. 3. He enjoys reading. 4. He said，Good morn
3、ing. 5. He admits that he was mistaken. 四： （主谓间宾直宾）1. She ordered herself a new dress. 2. He brought you a dictionary. 3. I showed him my pictures. 4. I told him that the bus was late. 5. He showed me how to run the machine. 五： （主谓宾宾补）1. The war made him a soldier.2. New methods make the job easy.3.
4、 I often find him at work.4. The teacher asked the students to close the windows.5. I saw a cat running across the road.（一）英语句子成分基础练习(一). 指出下列句中主语的中心词 The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. There is an old man coming here. The useful dictionary was given by my mother las
5、t year. To do todays homework without the teachers help is very difficult.(二). 选出句中谓语的中心词 I dont like the picture on the wall. A. dontB. like C. picture D. wall The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer Do you usually go to school by bus? A. DoB. usually C.
6、 goD. bus There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon. A. will beB. meeting C. the library D. afternoon Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?A. DidB. twinsC. have D. breakfast Tom didnt do his homework yesterday. A. TomB. didntC. do D. his homework What I want to tell you is thi
7、s. A. wantB. to tell C. you D. is We had better send for a doctor. A. WeB. hadC. send D. doctor He is interested in music. A. isB. interested C. in D. music Whom did you give my book to? A. giveB. did C. whom D. book(三) 挑出下列句中的宾语 My brother hasnt done his homework.AB CD People all over the world spe
8、ak English. AB CD You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. AB CD How many new words did you learn last class? ABC D Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? AB C D The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.A B C D They made him monitor of the class.AB C
9、D Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left. A B C D You will find it useful after you leave school. A BCD They didnt know who Father Christmas really is.AB C (四) 挑出下列句中的表语 The old man was feeling very tired. A BC D Why is he worried about Jim? AB C D The leaves have turned yello
10、w. A B CD Soon They all became interested in the subject. A B CD She was the first to learn about it. A BC D定语：定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的单词、短语或句子，译为的。可以作定语的有：数词、形容词性物主代词、形容词、副词、名词、介词结构、不定式、现在分词、过去分词、从句。(五) 挑出下列句中的定语 They use Mr. Mrs. with the family name. A B CD What is your given name?A BCD On the third la
11、p are Class 1 and Class 3.A B CD I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.A B C D The man downstairs was trying to sleep. AB CD I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!AB CD宾语补足语：位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。可以用作宾语补足语的有名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，现在分词，过去分词。(六) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 She likes the children to read ne
12、wspapers and books in the reading-room. A B C D He asked her to take the boy out of school. A B C D She found it difficult to do the work. A B CD They call me Lily sometimes. A BC D I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus. A B CD Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now? A BC D状语为修饰动词、形
13、容词、副词或全句的句子成分，说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等(七) 挑出下列句中的状语 There was a big smile on her face.A B CD Every night he heard the noise upstairs. A B CD He began to learn English when he was eleven. A B CD The man on the motorbike was travelling to fast. A B C D With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li
14、 hurried off. A B CD She loves the library because she loves books. A BC D I am afraid that if youve lost it, you must pay for it. A B C D The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.A B CD(八) 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语 Please tell us a story. My father bought a new bike for me last week. Mr. Li i
15、s going to teach us history next term. Here is a pen. Give it to Tom. Did he leave any message for me?*同位语（appositive）同位语是句子成分。英语中同位语的定义或作用是：对某个名词进行解析说明详细化。也就是说这个名词和解析它的内容是同等地位，表达内容相同的。如:We Chinese are very smart.英语句子成分基础练习答案 (一) teacher man dictionary To do(二) B A C A C C D C A A (三) D D B A B D C D A D(四) D B D C B(五) C C A B B D(六) C C C C D B(七) D A D D A D C D(八) us, 间接宾语a story, 直接宾语 me, 间接宾语 a new bike, 直接宾语 us, 间接宾语 history, 直接宾语 Tom, 间接宾语 it, 直接宾语 me, 间接宾语 message, 直接宾语5
