1、所以当修饰名词时用increasing/growing修饰形容词，副词用increasingly.）12.几乎不： little if anything或little or nothing 替换 hardly.13.有益的，有好处的： beneficial, rewarding 替换 helpful.14.顾客：shopper, client, consumer, purchaser 替换 customer.15. 非常：overwhelmingly, exceedingly, extremely, intensely 替换 very.16.没有必要的 hardly necessary, ha
2、rdly inevitable替换 unnecessary, avoidable.17.必要的 indispensable 替换 necessary.18. 某人有兴趣sth appeals to sb, sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb 替换sb take interest in / sb. be interested in.19. 吸引某人的注意力capture ones attention 替换 attract ones attention.20.方面 facet, demension, sphere 替换 aspet.21. 表明be
3、indicative of, be suggestive of, be fearful of 替换 indicate,suggest, fear.22. 导致引起give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger 替换 cause.23.有几个原因 There are several reasons behind sth 替换reasons for sth.24. 想desire 替换 want.25. 注意pour attention into 替换 pay attention to.26.记住 bear in mind that 替换 remember.27
4、. 过程enjoy, possess 替换 have（注意process是过程的意思）。28. 交互interaction 替换 communication.29. 不同意frown on sth 替换 be against , disagree with sth .30. 例如as an example 替换 for example, for instance.31. 几乎不可能next to / virtually impossible 替换 nearly / almost impossible.32.有关于 regarding / concerning 替换 about.33. 关键，重
5、要crucial /paramount 替换 important.34. 第一（in the first place/the first and foremost）；第二（there is one more point, I should touch on, that）；第三（the last but not the least）.35. 努力工作assiduous 替换 hard-working.36.困难 arduous 替换 difficult.37. 不好，差underdeveloped / financially-challenged 替换poor（因为poor通常含有贬义）.38.
6、 表明demonstrate / manifest 替换 show.39.总是 invariably 替换 always.40. 危险的perilous / hazardous替换 dangerous.41. 困难formidable 替换 difficult.42.典型的 quintessential 替换 typical（举例时常用，例如：a quintessential example should be cited that=for example; for instance）.43.有名的，可识别的 distinguished 替换 famous.44.可能的 feasible 替换
7、 possible.45. 因此consequently, accordingly替换 so.46. 通常，由数据推断出一定的结论，用Results indicate, infer, suggest, imply that47. 最常见的引述别人观点的词汇Much of the research in sexual selection in the last two decades has examined how a females preference that does not influence her immediate reproductive success can still
8、evolve if it is genetically correlated with another character under direct selection.（不要每次写到研究时总用study，可以用些其它的词汇，比如examine，work。）Two hypotheses for female preference evolutionrunaway sexual selection and good genes selectionstate that preferences evolve indirectly because they are genetically correl
9、ated with male traits that are under direct selection; that is, the preferences themselves are not under direct selection.（在引述别人的观点时，如果不能完全同意，使用state 比show更加中立些。Studies of receiver biases suggest that such analogies might not be broadly applicable.（suggest,又一种较为客观的引述观点的表达方法。Burley argued that the pr
10、eference for red beaks is adaptive because it indicates male health, and this preference is then transferred to leg-band color.（argue,引用别人观点的又一表述。According to the anti-monotony hypothesis, habituation plays an important role in the evolution of complex vocalizations in songbirds: Increased song comp
11、lexity reduces habituation of neighboring males and courting females.（根据）Previous studies of acoustic and bioluminescent interactions had emphasized potential advantages to group-signaling organization, such as minimizing predation, preserving species-specific signal characters, or increasing the at
12、tractiveness of the group.（带有小小的强调）48.常见的连接词有，However, also, in addition, consequently, afterwards, moreover, Furthermore, further, although, unlike, in contrast, Similarly, Unfortunately, alternatively, parallel results, In order to, despite, For example, Compared with, other results, thus, therefo
13、re用好连接词能使文章 层次清楚，意思明确。比如，叙述有时间顺序的事件或文献，最早的文献可用AA advocated it for the first time.接下来可用Then BB further demonstrated that. 再接下来，可用Afterwards, CC如果还有，可用More recent studies by DD49.received little attention to date现在已经没人关注50.it can be seen that从可以看出51.are dramatically reduced巨大的52.is crucial for对至关重要53.
14、involving涉及54.Such phenomena support the hypothesis that我们认为55.made up of a sum of contributions of什么的相互作用56.Top left panel shows左上图说明了57.are of interest for several applications 有兴趣58.are particularly worthy of academic investigation 值得，学术研究59.provides the best agreement between the calculated and
15、experimental data 相符合时态用法摘要：一般现在时引言：一般现在时，别人说用过去式，1. 别人发现什么it was found that sth done sth2. it indicates that说的内容用一般现在时3. 对于现在我们做的it is found that sth do sth4. study, investigation等要用过去式的被动was studied, was carried out，was observed,也可以用现在完成时，现在完成时和过去完成时区别只是起点不一样，一个是以现在为起点，一个以过去为起点。5. 陈述一种事实用一般现在时（可有引
16、用文献）6. 涉及到figure这种词一般用现在时实验：过去式结果与讨论：一般用现在时，如果有人为因素，如我们做了什么事情，要用过去式，因为是过去做的。涉及实验部分也要用过去式。结论：the experimental investigations revealed/It was shown that/It was revealed experimentally that后面加一般现在时陈述你之前得出的结果7. 注意点：当用到用什么设备测试时用过去时，当关于我们以前做了什么,执行什么动作时用过去式，但是如we believe，we find，we can see that，we observe观
17、测到什么结果，这些词可不用过去式。可用could/would be done sth，讲到其他文献时用过去式常用各部分句型 Beginning 1. In this paper, we focus on the need for 2. This paper proceeds as follow. 3. The structure of the paper is as follows. 4. In this paper, we shall first briefly introduce fuzzy sets and related concepts 5. To begin with we wil
18、l provide a brief background on the Introduction 1. This will be followed by a description of the fuzzy nature of the problem and a detailed presentation of how the required membership functions are defined. 2. Details on xx and xx are discussed in later sections. 3. In the next section, after a sta
19、tement of the basic problem, various situations involving possibility knowledge are investigated: first, an entirely possibility model is proposed; then the cases of a fuzzy service time with stochastic arrivals and non fuzzy service rule is studied; lastly, fuzzy service rule are considered. Review
20、 1. This review is followed by an introduction. 2. A brief summary of some of the relevant concepts in xxx and xxx is presented in Section 2. 3. In the next section, a brief review of the . is given. 4. In the next section, a short review of . is given with special regard to . 5. Section 2 reviews r
21、elevant research related to xx. 6. Section 1.1 briefly surveys the motivation for a methodology of action, while 1.2 looks at the difficulties posed by the complexity of systems and outlines the need for development of possibility methods. Body 1. Section 1 defines the notion of robustness, and argu
22、es for its importance. 2. Section 1 devoted to the basic aspects of the FLC decision making logic. 3. Section 2 gives the background of the problem which includes xxx 4. Section 2 discusses some problems with and approaches to, natural language understanding. 5. Section 2 explains how flexibility wh
23、ich often . can be expressed in terms of fuzzy time window 6. Section 3 discusses the aspects of fuzzy set theory that are used in the . 7. Section 3 describes the system itself in a general way, including the . and also discusses how to evaluate system performance. 8. Section 3 describes a new meas
24、ure of xx. 9. Section 3 demonstrates the use of fuzzy possibility theory in the analysis of xx. 10. Section 3 is a fine description of fuzzy formulation of human decision. 11. Section 3, is developed to the modeling and processing of fuzzy decision rules 12. The main idea of the FLC is described in
25、Section 3 while Section 4 describes the xx strategies. 13. Section 3 and 4 show experimental studies for verifying the proposed model. 14. Section 4 discusses a previous fuzzy set based approach to cost variance investigation. 15. Section 4 gives a specific example of xxx. 16. Section 4 is the exper
26、imental study to make a fuzzy model of memory process. 17. Section 4 contains a discussion of the implication of the results of Section 2 and 3. 18. Section 4 applies this fuzzy measure to the analysis of xx and illustrate its use on experimental data. 19. Section 5 presents the primary results of t
27、he paper: a fuzzy set model . 20. Section 5 contains some conclusions plus some ideas for further work. 21. Section 6 illustrates the model with an example. 22. Various ways of justification and the reasons for their choice are discussed very briefly in Section 2. 23. In Section 2 are presented the
28、block diagram expression of a whole model of human DM system 24. In Section 2 we shall list a collection of basic assumptions which a . scheme must satisfy. 25. In Section 2 of this paper, we present representation and uniqueness theorems for the fundamental measurement of fuzziness when the domain
29、of discourse is order dense. 26. In Section 3, we describe the preliminary results of an empirical study currently in progress to verify the measurement model and to construct membership functions. 27. In Section 5 is analyzed the inference process through the two kinds of inference experiments. Thi
30、s Section 1. In this section, the characteristics and environment under which MRP is designed are described. 2. We will provide in this section basic terminologies and notations which are necessary for the understanding of subsequent results. Next Section 2. The next section describes the mathematics that goes into the computer implementation of such fuzzy logic statements. 3. However, it is cumbersome for this purpose and in practical appli
