1、some和any的区别和用法some和any 既可以修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词,some常用在肯定句中,而any则常用在否定和疑问句中。因此 some和any 的用法主要是考虑用在肯定句、疑问句还是否定句中,与名词的可数与否无关。 some意为“一些”,可作形容词和代词。它常修饰可数名词复数。如:some books一些书,some boys一些男孩,也可修饰不可数名词,如:some water一些水,some tea一些茶叶,some常用在肯定句中。any意为“任何一些”,它也可修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词,常用于疑问句和否定句。如: -I have some tea here. 我这
2、儿有些茶叶。 -I cant see any tea. 我没看见茶叶。 -Do you have any friends at school? 你在学校有些朋友吗? -I have some English books, they are my best friends. 我有英语书,它们是我最好的朋友。 但在表示建议,反问,请求的疑问句中,或期望得到肯定回答时,多用some而不用any。如: Would you like some coffee? 你要不要来点咖啡? What about some fruit juice? 来点水果汁如何? 当any表示“任何”的意义,起强调作用时,它可以用
3、在肯定句中; Any student can answer this question.任何学生都可以回答这个问题。 选题角度: 辨析some和any的不同用法:some 常用在肯定句中,而any 则常用在否定和疑问句中。在表示建议,反问,请求的疑问句中,或期望得到肯定回答时,多用some而不用any。一般用于疑问句或否定句中,用于never, hardly, without等词之后,用于if / whether之后。 而some则用于肯定句中,用于建议或请求的疑问句中,用于预料会作肯定回答的疑问句中,用于表示反问的否定的疑句中。如:1. Id been expecting _ letters
4、 the whole morning, but there werent _ for me. (全国卷)A. some; any B. many; a few C. some; one D. a few; none 【分析】答案选A。前一分句是肯定句,用some,后一分句是否定名句,用any。另外,后一分句的werent显示这是否定句,主语应为复数,排除C和D;many一般不用于肯定句,a few一般用于肯定句,排除B。2. Let us hope we can settle the matter without _ more trouble. (全国卷)A. any B. a little
5、C. some D. little【分析】答案选A。without表否定,用any。3. Sarah has read lots of stories by American writers. Now she would like to read _ stories by writers from _ countries. (全国卷)A. some; any B. some;some C. some; other D. other; other【分析】答案选C。肯定句中用some表示“一些”,other作定语,意为“别的”。4. Theres _ cooking oil left in the
6、 house. Would you go to the corner store and get _ ? (北京卷)A. little; some B. little; any C. a little; some D. a little; any 【分析】答案选A。后句是表示请求的问句中,用some,排除B和D;由后文的意思可知,语气是否定的,排除C。5. I fee a bit hungry. Why dont you have _ bread? (全国卷)A. any B. someC. little D. a 【分析】答案选B。表示建议的疑问句中用some。要表示一些的意思,可用some
7、,any。some是肯定词(ASSERTIVEWORD,常用于肯定句;any是非肯定词(NONASSERTIVEWORD,常用于否定句或疑问句。例如:Therearesomelettersforme.Therearentanylettersforme.Arethereanylettersforme?Iseldomgetanysleepthesedays.any也常用于条件分句以及带有否定含义的句子中:Ifyouhaveanytrouble,pleaseletmeknow.如果你有任何麻烦,请让我知道。Iforgottoaskforanychange.我忘了要一些零钱。当说话人期待肯定回答时,s
8、ome也可用于疑问句,比如当说话人期待来信时,他可以问道:Aretheresomelettersforme?当购物时向售货员提问或者主人向客人表示款待时,也可在疑问句中用some:CouldIhavesomeoftheseapples?Wouldyoulikesomechocolatecake?当some与单数可数名词搭配时,some相当于acertain(某一的含义;而any与单数可数名词搭配,则相当于every(任何一个的含义。例如:Someboyhasbrokenawindow.有个男孩打破了窗户。Anychildcouldanswerthatquestion.任何一个孩子都可以回答这个
9、问题。替代词one, ones, that, those在比较结构中的用法辨析 在比较结构中,为了避免重复,常用替代词替代名词词组或它的中心词。可以这样用的替代词常用的且较难掌握的有one, ones,that和those。 I替代词one和ones的用法: 1one只能替代单数名词,one的复数形式ones只能替代复数名词。例如: My child doesnt like this bookShow her a more interesting one 2替代词one或ones必须带有一个限定或修饰词,它们和所替代的名词中心词所指不一定是同一对象,这是替代词one或 ones在用法上的一个重
10、要特征。例如: I dont like this bookId like a more interesting one 3当替代词one或ones带有后置修饰语时,它们前面总有定冠词。例如: Our new cassette is more expensive than the one we had before 4当替代词one或ones在形容词比较级、最高级以及某些限定词如this,that, which和序数词等之后,可以省略。例如: This book is much better than that(one) 5替代词one或ones通常不用在物主代词和名词所有格之后。如不可说my
11、one(s),your one(s),Peters one(s)等等。one或 ones也不能用在own之后。 但是,如果有了形容词,one(s)可以和物主代词及名词所有格连用。如: My cheap camera seems to be just as good as Johns expensive one 6one作替代词时,在of前面不能用 the one来表示所属关系和类似概念。如不可说: He put down his gun and picked up the one of Henry 该用一个所有格来表示 He picked up Henrys 7当两个形容词表示对照的意思时,不
12、能使用替代词 one。仅在其中一个形容词后加上名词即可。例如: Dont praise the younger child in the presence of the elder 8替代词 one如果不带任何前置修饰语,即它的前面既没有限定词,又没有形容词时,便不是替代名词词组的中心词,而是替代整个名词词组。这时,onea单数名词。例如: A cake made of wheat costs less than one made of rice(one a cake) one的这种用法是泛指同类事物中的任何一个,相当一个不定冠词,因此它没有复数形式。要泛指复数事物,只能用some。例如: H
13、ere are a few applesWould you like some(some of them)? II替代词that和those的用法: 1that和those通常用作指使代词,也可用作替代词。它们总是伴随着限定性的后置修饰语,分别等于the one和 the ones。例如: The houses of the rich are generally larger than those of the poor 2th The resistance of a thicker wire is less than that of a thin one 以上两例中的that都不能换成the
14、 one。 3that作替代词,只能指物,不能指人。those作替代词,既可指物,也可指人。例如: The blonde girl I saw was older than the one you were dancing with 该句中的the one不能换成that 4that用作替代词和它所替代的名词词组的中心词的“数”可以不一致。替代单数名词时,只替代“the 单数名词”,不可替代“a单数名词”。例如: The song by Schubert is more tuneful than that by Britain(thatthe song。song为可数名词。) 请注意,这里说的
15、that只替代“the 单数名词”,不可替代“a单数名词 ,系指that在句子中实际的作用,并非要求它在句子中所代表的前面出现的词组必须是“the 单数名词 。例如: In those days they lived a life worse than that of a beast of burden 在该句中,前面出现的词组为a life,但that替代的却是the life。 that作为替代词,它不能用于零关系分句(即没有关系代词的定语从句)之前。例如: The problem confronting us today is not dissimilar from that which the nation confronted in the 1930s 大中