1、高考英语一轮总复习第一部分教材知识梳理Unit3Underthesea练习新人教版选修2019-2020年高考英语一轮总复习第一部分教材知识梳理Unit3Underthesea练习新人教版选修一、阅读理解(共8小题;每小题2分,满分16分)AWhere should an adventurous tourist go?After youve done sightseeing in London,shopping in New York,tasting the local food in Paris and dancing to your hearts content at the Brazil
2、ian carnival,where else can you go?What exotic(异国的) tourist destination awaits you?Well,Antarctica sounds like the holiday of a lifetime!Its considered the last great wilderness on Earth.Just a few scientists in research stations share the icy landscape with penguins and other animals which can cope
3、 with the low temperatures.Tourism began in Antarctica in the 1950s and its still small scale.About 37,000 tourists are expected there this season,but many wont even leave the boat.The BBCs Juliet Rix visited the frozen continent and asked herself if she should be there at all,causing potential prob
4、lems to such a sensitive environment.Her tour guide admitted that all visitors leave a footprint and they all go to the same places,the accessible coastline,which is also where the penguins and seals go to breed.But some people believe that if carefully controlled,tourism can be good for Antarctica.
5、It has no native population and it needs advocates.Visitors to the icy continent might be ready to support and even to fund its preservation.And theyre likely to engage in the discussion about global warming,which has led to the melting of glaciers.According to Rix,guidelines are followed when youre
6、 about to set foot in Antarctica and tourists have to disinfect(消毒) their boots to make sure no alien species are introduced.And once on land,theres no eating or smoking.Rocks,bone fragmentsnothing should be taken as a souvenir and nothing should be left behind.Tourists fortunate enough to visit the
7、 Antarctica must be aware that this is not their home and keep their fingers crossed that future generations will also be able to enjoy such breathtaking views.(2015兰州模拟)1.According to the second paragraph,we can learn that .A.Antarctica has become the best place for people to travelB.only scientist
8、s can be allowed to go to AntarcticaC.Antarctica is less affected by human activitiesD.no animals can survive in Antarctica except penguins2.Juliet Rixs travel in Antarctica mentioned in the fourth paragraph indicates that .A.governments should take measures to stop tourists from going to Antarctica
9、B.whether tourists should go to Antarctica or not should be considered carefullyC.the animals habitat in Antarctica has been seriously affected by tourismD.only journalists begin to pay attention to the environmental protection in Antarctica3.What can we learn from the last paragraph?A.Tourists can
10、eat and smoke in Antarctica.B.Tourists can take something they like from Antarctica.C.Tourists can throw away something they dont need in Antarctica.D.Tourists can enjoy the beautiful scenery in Antarctica.4.Which of the following is the best title of this passage?A.Why cant tourists go to Antarctic
11、a?B.How can tourists go to Antarctica?C.Should tourists go to Antarctica?D.Are tourists allowed to go to Antarctica?【文章大意】本文是议论文。文章围绕是否应该去南极旅游这一话题进行了讨论,有的人认为赴南极旅游有助于提高人们对全球变暖问题的认识,有的人则认为南极旅游意义不大且会给南极环境带来负面影响。1.C推理判断题。由第二段第二、三句“Its considered the last great wilderness on Earth.Just a few scientists.”
12、和第三段第一句“.its still small scale.”推断,南极洲为不毛之地、游客稀少,因而受人类活动的影响较小,故选C项。2.B推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“.asked herself if she should be there at all,causing potential problems to such a sensitive environment.”可知,出于对环境的保护,人们是否应该去南极洲旅游,应该认真考虑一下。3.D推理判断题。根据文章最后一句“.future generations will also be able to enjoy such breath
13、taking views.”可知,在南极洲可欣赏到令人激动的景色,D项与文意相符。4.C标题归纳题。文章围绕应不应该去南极洲旅游这一话题进行讨论,C项最适合作标题。BFish species are expected to shrink in size by up to 24% because of global warming,say scientists.The scientists believe that global warming has a greater affect on marine ecosystems(海洋生态系统)than previously thought.Pre
14、vious research has suggested that changing ocean temperatures would affect both the distribution and the reproductive abilities of many species of fish.This new work suggests that fish size would also be heavily affected.The researchers built a model to see how fish would react to lower levels of ox
15、ygen in the water.They modeled the influence of rising temperatures on more than 600 species between 2001 and 2050.As ocean temperatures increase,so do the body temperatures of fish.But,according to Dr William Cheung,from the University of British Columbia,the level of oxygen in the water is the key
16、.Warmer waters could decrease ocean oxygen levels and significantly reduce fish body weight.On the other hand,rising temperatures directly increase the metabolic rate(新陈代谢率)of the fishs body function.This leads to an increase in oxygen demand for normal body activities.So the fish will run out of ox
17、ygen for growth at a smaller body size.The research team also used its model to predict fish movements as a result of warming waters.The group believes that most fish populations will move towards the Earths poles at a rate of up to 36km per decade.Taking both the movements and the physiological aff
18、ects of rising temperatures together,the research team concluded that fish body size would shrink between 14% and 24%,with the largest decreases in the Indian and Atlantic oceans.When compared with actual observations of fish sizes,the model seems to underestimate whats actually happening in the sea
19、s.The researchers made actual studies on some kinds of fishes living in the Atlantic Ocean.They found that the recorded data on these fishes showed greater decreases in body size than the models had predicted.1.Which of the following can best function as the title of the passage?A.Global warming may
20、 shrink the fishB.Global warming causes fish to moveC.Ocean temperatures affect fish distributionD.Ocean temperatures reduce fish population2.The most important factor that affects fish size is .A.metabolic rate of the fish bodyB.the level of oxygen in the ocean waterC.the normal activities of fish
21、bodyD.higher pressure in the ocean water3.According to the group,in 20 years,most fish populations will move about .A.36 kilometres B.70 kilometresC.48 kilometres D.100 kilometres4.The underlined word “underestimate” is most closest in meaning to “”.A.calculate the value ofB.have confidence inC.make
22、 a high assessment ofD.make a lower judgment of【文章大意】本文是科普说明文。科学家通过实验预测,受全球气候变暖的影响,未来鱼类的体型将会缩小24%。1.A主旨大意题。文章介绍了科学家对600种鱼类进行电脑仿真模拟实验的情况。再结合第一段可明显看出答案为A项。2.B细节理解题。由第三段第四句中“the level of oxygen in the water is the key”以及第三段最后一句可知,海水含氧量的高低是影响鱼类体型大小的关键因素,故选B项。3.B数字计算题。由第四段中的“most fish populations will mo
23、ve towards the Earths poles at a rate of up to 36km per decade.”可计算出答案为B项。4.D词义推测题。文章最后一句表明,研究人员对大西洋中的鱼类体型进行研究记录的真实数据,比模拟实验预测的数据要小得多,可见模拟实验低估了鱼类真实的体型缩小程度。据此推断,underestimate应为“低估”之意。二、语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)As all amazing information resource,the Internet 1.(consider) one of the most powerful tools
24、 throughout the world.Students,teachers,and researchers use it as 2. investigative tool.Journalists use it to find information for stories.Doctors use it to learn more about unfamiliar diseases and the 3.(late) medical development.Ordinary people use it for shopping,banking,bill-paying,and communica
25、ting with family and friends.People all over the world use it to connect with individuals 4. are from different countries and cultures.However,5. there are many positive developments 6.(associate) with the Internet,there are also certain fears and concerns.One concern relates to a lack of control ov
26、er 7. appears on the Internet.With television and radio there are 8.(edit) to check the accuracy or appropriateness of the content of programs,and with television there are restrictions on what kinds of programs can 9.(broadcast) and at what times of the day.With the Internet,parents cannot check a
27、published guide to determine what is suitable 10. their children to see.(2016重庆南开中学月考)1.is considered。the Internet与consider之间为被动关系,且本文的主体时态为一般现在时,故填is considered。2.an。由上文中的“one of the most powerful tools”可知,因特网只是众多调查工具中的一种,故此处用an表示泛指。3.latest。由the可知,此处应用最高级latest,意为“最新的,最近的”。4.who/that。定语从句的先行词为indi
28、viduals,从句中缺少主语,应用who或that引导。5.though/although/while。虽然有很多与因特有关的积极的方面,但也有一些令人担心和忧虑的事情。前后句之间为让步关系,应填though,although或while。6.associated。be associated with“与有关,与有关系”。此处用过去分词形式作后置定语,修饰developments。7.what。句意:其中一种担忧就是缺乏对网络上出现的内容进行监管。over后的宾语从句中缺少主语,只能用what。8.editors。there are之后缺少主语,且are为复数形式,故填editors。9.b
29、e broadcast(ed)。programs与broadcast构成被动关系,应用be broadcast或be broadcasted。10.for。句意:针对因特网,家长却找不到已公布的相关的指南,以确定哪些内容适合他们的孩子阅读。be suitable for“对合适”。Part B一、完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)Sharks have lived in the oceans for over 450 million years,long before dinosaurs appeared.There are now about 360 1 of sharks,
30、whose size,behavior,and other characteristics differ widely.Every year,we catch and kill over 100 million sharks,2 for food and for their fins.Dried shark fins are used to make shark fin soup,which 3 for as much as $50 a bowl in fine Hong Kong 4.Other sharks are killed for sport and out of fear.Shar
31、ks are vulnerable(脆弱的) to overfishing because it 5 most species 10 to 15 years to begin reproducing and they 6 only a few young babies.7 by movies and popular novels,most people see sharks as people-eating animals.This is far from the 8.Every year,a few types of shark injure about 100 people worldwi
32、de and kill about 25.Most 9 are by great white sharks,which often feed on sea lions and other marine mammals.They sometimes mistake human swimmers for their normal food,10 if they are wearing black wet suits.If you are a typical ocean-goer,your 11 of being killed by an unprovoked(无缘无故的)attack by a shark are about 1 in 100 million.You are more 12 to be killed by a pig than a shark and thousands o
