1、4、 It is not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.那些能够形象地描述事物和勾画出无数模式的能力是如何让一个人能够回答那些最好的诗人和哲学家都能不能回答的问题的，这一点还不是很明显。5、 Sternberg notes that traditional tests best asses
2、s analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge, components also critical to problem solving and life success.斯顿伯格指出传统的测试能最好的评估出分析能力和语言能力而不能衡量一个人的创造性和实际才能以及那些对于解决问题和成功人生也极其重要的因素。6、 Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matter
3、s, whether its knowing when to guess or what questions to skip.那些凡是参加过SAT考试的人都会证明考试技巧也是很重要的，即是否知道什么时候该猜测答案或者什么样的问题该跳过去。7、 President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a saving-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment r
4、eturns.布什总统致力于将社会保障转变为帐户储蓄模式，在这个模式里，退休人员能够大量交易或者他们所有的付出的汇报依赖于他们的投资收益。8、 During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure has been transformed by economic risk and new realities.在过去的20多年时间里，那些曾经依靠辛勤工作和公平竞争以
5、保证自己财政收支安全的美国中产阶级家庭已经为经济冒险和新的现实所改变。9、 The 1990 Census revealed that “a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English “well” or “very well” after ten years of residence.”1990年的人口调查显示，“大多数来自15个移民大国的移民居住10年之后英语达到了”好“或者”很好“的水平。”10、 Its all deliciously iron
6、ic when you consider that Shakespeare, who earns their living, was himself an actor （with a beard） and did his share of noise-making.想想给他们带来生机的莎士比亚本人就是一个演员（而且留胡子），他也曾经发出过声音，你就会觉得这一切颇具讽刺意味。11、 It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the young people who are Stratfords
7、 most attractive clientele.大幅涨价让人感到羞耻，因为那样会赶跑年轻人，而他们是斯特拉福德最具吸引力的顾客。12、 Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass （the amount of living biological matter） of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time.他们的研究方法并不是想估计出某些特定地区的实际生物量（活的生物总量
8、），而是估计出这些生物量随着时间发生的变化。13、 According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomass of large predators （animals that kill and eat other animals） in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation.根据他们在自然杂志上发表的最新论文，一个新的渔场大型捕食者（杀死并吃掉其他动物的动物）在开发的头15年平均减少80
9、%。14、 That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes.这意味着更高比例的海洋生物正在遭到捕获，因此今昔之间的真正差别可能比通过捕获量的变化记录的差别更大。15、 Some individuals would therefore not have been caugh
10、t, since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them, leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past.有些因此可能会逃过一劫，因为那时没有带诱饵的鱼钩抓它们，这样就低估了过去的鱼的储量。16、 The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking ba
11、ck only a relatively short time into the past.意思就是说人们没有发现海里发生的巨大变化，因为他们相对来说只看了过去一小段时间。17、 Many things make people think artists are weird and the weirdest may be this: artists only job is to explore emotions, and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad.许多事情让人们认为艺术家是古怪之人，而最古怪的也许是：艺术家的唯一工作就
12、是研究感情，而他们还往往选择研究那些感觉不好的感情。200518、 Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged.但是假如你得知你同事的工资涨的比你还多，你的那份高兴劲就会烟消云散，的确，如果他在大家眼里是个懒散的人，你甚至会勃然大怒。19、 Above all, like their female human
13、 counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males.最重要的是，向人类中的女人一样，它们比公猴更关心“货物和服务”的价值。20、 However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their b
14、ehaviour became markedly different.然而当两只猴子被关在分开但相邻的两间屋子、让它们能互相看到对方用石块交换到什么物品时，他们的行为就明显不一样了。21、 Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didnt know for sure?还记得那些年科学家说吸烟会要我们的命而怀疑者却坚持说我们并不肯定、证据没有说服力、科学没有定论么？22、 But science does
15、 provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.”但科学的确能为我们的将来提供最好的指导，而且最关键的是，关于现在采取的行动将来会产生什么样的结果，可促俄往往能做出最好的评判。23、 A
16、nd one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better.而一名顶级权威认为，这些极其强烈的大脑活动不仅可以抑制，实际上还可以受到有意识的控制，帮助我们睡眠，使我们感觉好一些。24、Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we d
17、ont always think about the emotional significance of the days eventsuntil, it appears, we begin to dream.由于我们有意识的大脑里面全是日常生活，我们一般不去思考白天发生的事情的情感意义似乎直道我们开始做梦。25、Russians have a deep love for their own language and carry large chunks of memorized poetry in their heads, while Italian politicians tend to
18、elaborate speech that would seem old-fashioned to most English-speakers.俄罗斯人深爱着他们自己的语言，他们会把大段大段的诗背下来；意大利的政治家们总是会精心准备他们的演讲，这在大多数英语演讲者的眼里似乎有些老土。26、Its an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary, then E-mails them when a matching position is posted
19、 in the database.这是一种互动性质的搜索器，访客可以键入自己的求职要求，比如地点、职务和薪水，数据库里张贴出相应的职位时就可以把电子邮件发出去。27、Some use them to keep a close watch on the demand for their line of work or gather information on compensation to arm themselves when negotiating for a raise.有的人用它来密切关注自己从事的行业的需求情况，或者搜集薪酬待遇方面的信息以便要求涨工资时有备无患。28、 This,
20、for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.对于那些还不了解这种危害的人来说，它指的是对姓氏首字母位于字母表后半部分的人的歧视。29、 Most of her clients spend $12 to $50 weekly, but last month two longtime customers suddenly stopp
21、ed showing up.她的客户多数每周花12到50美元，可是上个月两名老客户突然就不来了。30、Consumers seem only concerned, not panicked, and many say they remain optimistic about the economys long-term prospects, even as they do some modest belt-tightening.消费者似乎只是有些担心，还没有开始恐慌，并且很多人还说就在他们稍稍勒紧腰带的时候，他们对经济的长远前景还是很乐观。31、From the beginning of ou
22、r history, says Hofstadter, our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism.Hofstadter说，从我们的历史一开始，我们的民主化和大众化冲动就迫使我们拒绝一切带有杰出人物统治论色彩的东西。32、Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby t
23、hreatening advances in health knowledge and care.科学家需要对动物权利倡导者做出有力的回答，因为他们的观点正在混淆视听从而威胁到保健知识和医疗的向前发展。33、To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.对于那些不知道做这些医疗
24、、研究新的治疗方法和疫苗就需要进行动物研究的人来说，动物研究说的最好听是浪费，说得最难听是残忍。34、They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth.他们应该迅速回复读者来信，以免动物权利的错误信息不受质疑、披上真理的骗人外衣。35、 The railroad industry as a whole, despite its brighten
25、ing fortuning fortunes. still does not earn enough to cover the cost of the capital it must invest to keep up with its surging traffic.整个铁路业尽管形式很好，其收入仍不足以支付日益增加的运输需求而必须做的资本投入。 . The American economic system is, organized around a basically private-enterprise, market- oriented economy in which consum
26、ers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.参考译文 美国的经济是以基本的私有企业和市场导向经济为架构的，在这种经济中，消费者很大程度上通过在市场上为那些他们最想要的货品和服务付费来决定什么应该被制造出来。 2. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers
27、, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it. 因此，在美国的经济体系中，个体消费者的需求与商人试图最大化其利润的欲望和个人想最大化其收入效用的欲望相结合，一起决定了什么应该被制造，以及资源如何被用来制造它们。 3. If, on t
28、he other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product. 另一方面，如果大量制造某种商品导致其成本下降，那么这就有可能增加卖方和制造商能提供的供给，而这也就会反过来降低价格并允许更多的消费者购买产品。 4. In
29、 the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual. 在美国经济中，私有财产的概念不仅包含对生产资源的所有权，也指其他一些特定的权利，如确定一个产品价格和与另一个私人个体（经济单位） 自由签定合同的权利。 5. At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employers are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignment
