1、新目标英语九年级英语语法总结Unit1Unit5整理版九年级（上）unit1-unit5复习讲义一常考短语：Unit 11. by + doing “通过方式” ，在旁, 靠近, 在期间, 用,经过,乘车等如：by studying with a group I live by the river. I have to go back by ten oclock. The thief entered the room by the window. The student went to park by bus.（ ）1.Many students memorize the new words
2、_ them many times. A. by repeating B. in reading C. to practice D. for writing 2. a lot “许多”，常用于句末。 如：I eat a lot. 我吃了许多。3. aloud, loud与loudly的用法 三个词都与大声或响亮有关。 aloud是副词,重点在出声能让人听见,但声音不一定很大,常用在读书或说话上。通常放在动词之后。无比较级形式。如: He read the story aloud to his son.他朗读那篇故事给他儿子听。 loud可作形容词或副词。用作副词时,常与speak, talk,
3、laugh等动词连用,多用于比较级,须放在动词之后。如: She told us to speak a little louder. loudly是副词,与loud同义,有时两者可替换使用,但往往含有令人讨厌或打扰别人的意思,可位于动词之前或之后。如: He does not talk loudly or laugh loudly in public. 4. be/get excited about sth. = be/get excited about doing sth.= be excited to do sth. 对感兴奋 如：I am/get excited about going
4、to Beijing. = I am excited to go to Beijing. 5. end up doing sth 终止做某事，结束做某事 如：The party ended up singing. end up with sth. 以结束 如：The party ended up with her singing. 6. first of all 首先 to begin with 一开始 later on 后来7. take notes 做笔记，做记录8. make up 组成、构成9. one of +(the+ 形容词比较级)+名词复数形式 其中之一如：She is one
5、 of the most popular teachers. 10. Its +形容词+(for sb. ) to do sth. (对于某人来说)做某事如：Its difficult (for me ) to study English. 句中的it 是形式主语，真正的主语是to study English11. unless 假如不，除非, 引导条件状语从句如：You will fail unless you work hard. I wont write unless he writes first.12. deal with 处理 如：I dealt with a lot of pro
6、blem.13. go by (时间) 过去 如： Two years went by. 两年过去了。14.see sb. / sth. doing 看见某人正在做某事,强调事情正在发生 see sb. / sth. do 看见某人做完某事，强调事情已经结束如：She saw him drawing a picture in the classroom. 15. each other 彼此16. regard as 把看作为. 如：The boys regarded Anna as a fool. 17. too many许多，修饰可数名词 如：too many girlstoo much许多
7、，修饰不可数名词 如：too much milk much too太，过于，修饰形容词 如：much too beautiful18. changeinto将变为如：The magician changed the pen into a book. 19. with the help of sb. = with ones help 在某人的帮助下 如：with the help of Li Lei = with Li Leis help 20. compare to 把与相比如：Compare you to Anna, you are lucky. 21. instead 代替，用在句末，副词
8、（字面上常不译出来） instead of sth. / doing sth. 代替，后面接名词，代词或v-ing 如：Last summer I went to Beijing. This year Im going to Shanghai instead.He stayed at home instead of going swimming. Unit 21. used to do sth. 过去常常做某事否定形式：didnt use to do sth. / used not to do sth.如：He used to play football after school. Did h
9、e use to play football? Yes, I did. No, I didnt.2. 反意疑问句 陈述句中含有否定意义的词，如：little, few, never, nothing, hardly等。其反意疑问句用肯定式。 如：He knows little English, does he?They hardly understood it, did they? 3. 害怕be terrified of sth. 如：I am terrified of the dog.be terrified of doing sth. 如：I am terrified of speaki
10、ng.4. on 副词，表示（电灯、电视、机械等）在运转中/打开，其反义词off. 如：with the light on 灯开着5. 花费 take ,cost, spend , paysth. take (sb.) time to do sth. 如：It took (me) 10 days to read the book.sth. cost (sb.) 如：The book cost (me) 100yuan.sb. spend on sth. 如：She spent 10 days on this book.sb. spend doing sth. 如：She spent 10day
11、s reading this book.sb. pay for sth. 如：She paid 10 yuan for this book.6. chat with sb. 与某人闲聊7. worry about sb./ sth. 担心某人/某事worry 是动词 be worried about sb./sth. 担心某人/某事worried 是形容词8. in the last few years. 在过去的几年内，常与完成时连用如：I have lived in China in the last few years. 9. how to swim 怎样游泳 不定式与疑问词连用：动词不
12、定式可以和what, which, how, where, when 等引导的疑问句连用，构成不定式短语。如：The question is when to start. 问题是什么时候开始。 I dont know where to go. 我不知道去哪。10.make sb./ sth. + 形容词make you happy make sb./ sth. + 动词原形 make him laugh11. it seems that +从句看起来好像如：It seems that he has changed a lot. 12. as + 形容词./副词as sb. could/can
13、尽某人的能力如: She ran / runs as fast as she could/can. 她尽她最快的能力去跑。13. get into trouble with 遇到麻烦14. in the end 最后15. make a decision 下决定16. to ones surprise 令某人惊讶17. take pride in sth. 以而自豪如：His father always take pride in him. 18. pay attention to sth. 对注意，留心如：You must pay attention to your friend. 19.
14、give up doing sth. 放弃做某事如：My father has given up smoking. 20. 不再 no more = no longer 如：I play tennis no more/ longer. not any more = not any longer如：I dont play tennis any more/longer. Unit31. 语态：英语有两种语态：主动语态和补动语态主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者被动语态的构成：由助动词be 及物动词的过去分词构成助动词be 有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be 作为连
15、系动词时完全一样。时态被动语态结构例句一般现在时am are +过去分词is English is spoken in many countries.一般过去时was +过去分词were + 过去分词This bridge was built in 1989.情 态动 词can/shouldmay+be+过去分词must/The work must be done right now. 被动语态的用法当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者，或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。1. All the employees except the manager _to w
16、ork online at home. A. encourages B. encourage C. is encouraged D. are encouraged解析：主语是all the employees(复数) ，而不是the manager，排除答案A和C；又因all the employees与encourage是被动关系，要用被动语态，排除B，故选D。2. A library with five thousand books _to the nation as a gift.A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have of
17、fered解析：a library是offer的承受者，要用被动语态，排除B和D；又因主语(library) 是单数，排除C；故选A。注意：with five thousand books是a library是定语。将语态与虚拟语气结合起来命题Dont you think it necessary that he _ to Miami but to New York? I agree, but the problem is _ he has refused to.A. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; thatC. should not be sen
18、t; what D. should not send; what解析：因he与send是被动关系，排除D；又因it (is) necessary后的that从句的谓语要用“(should+) 动词原形”，排除选项A；答句中的表语从句不缺任何句子成分，用that；故选B。将语态与倒装结合起来命题Only after my friend came _.A. did the computer repaired B. be repaired the computerC. was the computer repaired D. the computer was repaired解析：因the comp
19、uter与repair是被动关系，排除A；又因only加状语置于句首，要用部分倒装，排除选项D和B；故选C。将固定短语中的名词作主语来增加句子理解难度Good care must _babies, particularly while they are ill.A. take B. take of C. be taken D. be taken of解析：由固定短语take good care of(好好照看) 是可知，good care与take是被动关系，排除A和B；选项C中又漏掉了of；故选D。在语境中将语态与时态结合起来命题1. The number of deaths from he
20、art disease will be reduced greatly if people _to eat more fruit and vegetables.A. persuade B. will persuade C. be persuaded D. are persuaded解析：因people与persuade是被动关系，排除A和B。又因为主语是一般将来时，条件句中用一般现在时，所以选D。2. Hundreds of jobs _if the factory closes.A. lose B. will be lost C. are lost D. will lost解析：因lose与
21、jobs是被动关系，排除A和D；又因条件状语从句是一般现在时，主句中的谓语动词应当是一般将来时，故选B。3. With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth _each year.A. were washed away B. is being washed awayC. are washing away D. are being washed away解析：因good earth(沃土) 与wash away(冲走) 是被动关系，排除C；又因quantities of作主语，谓语动词用复数，排除B；指近阶段(近些
22、年) 正在发生的事，用现在进行时，排除A；故选D。4. The window is dirty. I know. It _ for weeks.()A. hasnt cleaned B. didnt clean C. wasnt cleaned D. hasnt been cleaned解析：由is和for weeks可知，要用现在完成时态，排除B和C；又因It (The window) 与clean是被动关系，要用被动语态，所以选D。5. George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to the wedding?No, I _. Did
23、 they have a big wedding?A. was not invited B. have not been invitedC. hadnt been invited D. didnt invite解析：因为I与invite是被动关系，又因为邀请应当发生在结婚之前，got married是过去，invite就该是过去的过去，所以用过去完成时的被动语态，只有C正确。6. The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics _ by 2006.A. has been complete
24、d B. has completedC. will have been completed D. will have completed解析：因“by+将来时间”通常与将来完成时连用，所以由by 2006可排除A和B；又因为work与complete是被动关系，所以要被动语态，只有C正确。7. Be careful when you cross this very busy street. If not, you may _run over by a car.A. have B. get C. become D. turn解析：you与run over是被动关系，选项中只有get才可与过去分词
25、run构成被动语态，故选B。当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用by短语。The front window in the classroom was broken yesterday. 昨天，教室的前窗被打破了。(不知谁打破的)They have been poorly paid. 他们的工资太低。(没必要指出工资是谁付的)突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by短语。The time-table has been changed. 时间表已变动了。(要突出的是“时间”)These books are written especially for c
26、hildren. 这些书是专门为孩子们写的。(强调的是“”这些书)为了使语言得体或圆滑等不愿意说出动作的执行者。如：You are requested to make a speech at next meeting. 请您在下次会议上作个发言。It is said that she is going to be married to a foreigner. 据说她要嫁给一个外国人。出于修辞的原因，或是说为了更好地安排句子。如：It is generally considered impolite to ask ones age, salary, marriage, etc. . 问别人的年
27、龄、工资、婚姻状况等通常被认为是不礼貌的。The notion is especially opposed to by those who have invested much in the area. 这个提议特别遭到了那些在本地区投资很大的人的反对。(因those的定语太长了，若用它作主语，主语与谓语就相距太远而显得句子松散。)2. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事（主动语态）如：Mother allows me to watch TV every night. be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事（被动语态）如：Lily is allowed
28、to go to Qinzhou. 莉莉被允许去钦州。3. get their ears pierced 穿耳洞让/使（别人）做某事 get sth. done(过去分词)=have sth. done 如：I get my car made. = I have my car made. 4. enough 足够形容词enough 如：beautiful enough enough名词 如：enough food enoughto 足够去做 如：I have enough money to go to Beijing. She is old enough to go to school.5.stop doing sth. 停止做某事
