1、2、阅读技巧根据不同的阅读目的，可以采用不同的阅读方法，或称阅读技巧。一般来说，阅读方法有略读、寻读和细读三种。 （1）略读（Skimming）“略读”又称“浏览”，是指跳过细节，跳过不重要的描述与例子，进行快速阅读以求抓住文章的大意和主题思想的方法。阅读时速度要快，一般来说，250字左右的短文应在二、三分钟之内看完。略读时精力必须十分集中，不要去记忆细节，遇到个别生词或难懂的词句均可略过，以求对全文总体意思的了解。为了更好地抓住全文的中心思想，略读时要特别注意文章的起始段和结束段以及文章中每一段的首句和结尾句，因为它们往往是对文章内容最好的概括。（2）寻读（Scanning） 寻读是快速寻找
2、某一特殊信息的阅读方法。它的目的非常明确，即找到所需要的信息。日常生活中我们对这一方法并不陌生。例如从人群中找出你认识的朋友，从货架上找出你想购买的商品，在书架上寻找一本你要找的书，从一本指南中找出某个单位的地址等，都是利用这种方法。在寻读时，目光要自上而下，一目数行地寻视与答题相关的词句，与此无关的内容要很快掠过。当回答who，when，where等有关文章细节时，我们用这种方法很快就能找到答案。（3）细读（Reading for full understanding） 细读是在找到文章中的有关部分以后，在此范围内逐句阅读，特别要对关键词、句仔细琢磨，以便对其有比较深刻、准确的理解。不仅要理
3、解其字面意思，还要通过推理和判断，弄清文章中字里行间所隐含的意思。在细读的过程中，对没有学过的生词，可根据上下文的背景知识来推测其词义；对难以看懂的长句，可借助语法手段，对其加以分析，以达到正确理解的目的。总之，在阅读一篇文章的过程中，我们应根据不同的要求，采用不同的阅读方法，对有些阅读理解问题知其大意即可，另一些需要寻读，而少数则需要细心推敲。在考试中我们应当充分利用以上三种阅读方法，即用“略读”法浏览全文，以求抓住文章的大意和主题思想。在此基础上根据问题的要求，采用寻读或细读的方法来解答问题。3、主要测试题型及答题技巧（1）主题思想题在考试中出现的频率较高，因为这类题可考查考生抓主要信息的
4、能力，而能够抓住文章的主要信息又是阅读能力的一个极为重要的方面。这类题在设题时常会用到title，subject，main idea，topic，theme等词。常见的提问形式有以下几种：What is the main idea of the passage?Which of the following would be the best title?Whats the best title for the passage?The main idea of the passage is that _. This passage tells us _. Which of the followi
5、ng statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?What does the passage mainly discuss?做这类题时常用略读法，把注意力放在抓主要信息上，不去过分注意细节事实，否则会造成“只见树木，不见森林”的结果。通常的办法是，快速阅读文章时注意找出各段主题句。英文文章各段主题句常放在段首，有时也放在段尾或段落中间，有时不明确写出，通读文章后把各段主题句联系起来，一般就能得出文章主题。就整篇文章来讲，首段和尾段一般对于解这类题更为重要。例如：How often one hears children wishi
6、ng they were grown up, and old people wishing they were young again. Each age has its pleasures and its pains, and the happiest person is the one who enjoys what each age gives him without wasting his time in useless regrets. Childhood is a time when there are few responsibilities to make life diffi
7、cult. If a child has good parents, he is fed, looked after and loved, whatever he may do. It is impossible that he will ever again in his life be given so much without having to do anything in return. In addition, life is always presenting new things to the childthings that have lost their interest
8、for older people because they are too well-known. But a child has his pains: he is not so free to do what he wishes to do; he is continually being told not to do things, or being punished for what he has done wrong.When the young man starts to earn his own living, he can no longer expect others to p
9、ay for his food, his clothes, and his room, but has to work if he wants to live comfortably. If he spends most of his time playing about in the way that he used to as a child, he will go hungry. And if he breaks the laws of society as he used to break the laws of his parents, he may go to prison. If
10、 however, he works hard, keeps out of trouble and has good health, he can have the great happiness of building up for himself his own position in society. 文章后面第四个问题是：A. life is not enjoyable since each age has some painsB. young men can have the greatest happiness if they work hardC. childhood is th
11、e most enjoyable time in ones lifeD. one is the happiest if he can make good use of each age in his life文章的第一段讲的是人们常听说孩子们盼着长大成人，老年人则希望返老还童。人生的每个阶段总是欢乐伴着苦恼，而最幸福的人则是那些既享受人生每一阶段所带来的欢乐，又没有因虚度年华而终生后悔的人。第二段讲述了一个人儿童时代的欢乐与苦恼，第三段则告诉读者青年人的责任与义务，机遇和挑战。从以上三段文字来看，第一段中第二句即是主题句，所以我们应选D为正确答案。（2）主要事实和细节题就是我们平时所说的由wh
12、o，what，where，when，why，which，how引出的问题。这是极为常见的阅读理解题。这类题主要是针对论证支持主题的事实或例证设题，可能涉及数学计算、概念理解以及是非判断等。这类题的方法一般是先用寻读法找出与问题相关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行细读，找出问题答案。这类题提问的形式多种多样，常见的有以下几种：Which of the following （statements） is Not mentioned in the passage?According to the passage，which of the following statements is true?Acc
13、ording to the passage, all of the following are true except _. How many？What?Why?解这类题时，审题是关键，首先一定得看清问题。比如一句结论性的话后边到底是is true, 还是is not true。另外，由于细节题比较容易，有时为了增加测试难度，命题人员在题干或选项中要增加一些文字或意义上的干扰。所以考生很少能在原文中找到一模一样的现成答案。On November 19, 1863, Abraham Lincoln went to Gettysburg in Pennsylvania to speak at th
14、e National Soldiers Cemetery. The Civil War was still going on. There was much criticism of President Lincoln at the time. He was not at all popular. He had been invited to speak at Gettysburg only out of politeness. The principal speaker was to be Edward Everett, a famous statesman and speaker of t
15、he day. Everett was a handsome man and very popular everywhere.It is said that Lincoln prepared his speech on the train while going to Gettysburg. Late that night, alone in his hotel room and tired out, he again worked briefly on the speech. The next day Everett spoke first. He spoke for an hour and
16、 57 minutes. His speech was a perfect example of the rich oratory of the day. Then Lincoln rose. The crowd of 15,000 people at first paid little attention to him. He spoke for only nine minutes. At the end there was little applause. Lincoln turned to a friend and remarked, “I have failed again.” On
17、the train back to Washington, he said sadly, “That speech was a flat failure, and the people are disappointed.”Some newspapers at first criticized the speech. But little by little as people read the speech they began to understand better. They began to appreciate its simplicity and its deep meaning.
18、 It was a speech which only Abraham Lincoln could have made.Today, every American school child learns Lincolns Gettysburg Address by heart. Now everyone thinks of it as one of the greatest speeches ever given in American history. 文章的最后一题是：Which of the following statements is NOT true according to th
19、e passage?A. Lincolns Gettysburg Address has deep meaning. B. Lincolns Gettysburg Address is simple in style.C. Lincolns Gettysburg Address is memorized by every American schoolchild.D. Lincolns Gettysburg Address is the greatest speech ever delivered in the United States.答案可以在文章的第三段和第四段找到。“他的演讲含义深刻
20、、风格简朴；如今美国所有的在校的学生都能背诵他的演讲”；文章中他谈到：“现在所有的人都认为他的演讲是美国历史上最好的演讲之一。”而不是美国最好的演讲。所以D是错误的。（3）推理性试题大多含有infer, imply, suggest, conclude,（most）probably等关键词。以下是一些常见的提问方式：It can be inferred from the passage that _. The passage implies that _. The passage suggests that _. What is implied in the passage?The parag
21、raph following （proceeding） this passage probably will discuss （discusses） _.推理性试题不能从文章中直接找到答案。解这类题需要考生在正确理解原文语言字面意义的基础上，运用逻辑推理的方法去理解文章字里行间的意义。对原文中找到的所有相关信息要进行仔细分析，摸清它们相互之间时间、方位、因果、对比等逻辑关系，在此基础上进行综合推理，选定答案。It is said that Lincoln prepared his speech on the train while going to Gettysburg. Late that
22、night alone in his hotel room and tired out, he again worked briefly on the speech. The next day Everett spoke first. He spoke for an hour and 57 minutes. His speech was a perfect example of the rich oratory of the day. Then Lincoln rose. The crowd of 15,000 people at first paid little attention to
23、him. He spoke for only nine minutes. At the end there was little applause. Lincoln turned to a friend and remarked, “I have failed again.” On the train back to Washington, he said sadly, “That speech was a flat failure, and the people are disappointed.”Today, every American school child learns Linco
24、lns Gettysburg Address by heart. Now everyone thinks of it as one of the greatest speeches ever given in American history.文章后面的第五题就是一个推理性试题。It can be inferred from the text that _. A. Lincoln prepared his speech very carefully before he went to Gettysburg B. Lincoln was very busy at the time and did
25、nt have much time to prepare his speech C. Lincolns speech was full of rich words D. Lincolns speech was very long 文章的第二段有这样的话：“It is said that Lincoln prepared his speech on the train while going to Gettysburg. Late that night, alone in his hotel room and tired out, he again worked briefly on the s
26、peech.”“据说林肯是在去葛底斯堡的火车上准备他的演讲的。那天深夜，在宾馆的房间里，他既孤独又疲倦，只是又简单准备了一下。”所以通过这些句子我们可以判断林肯非常的忙，没有更多的时间准备他的演讲，B是正确答案。A，C，D均不符合文章的内容。（4）词汇题是询问文章中出现的某个词、某个词组甚至某个句子含义的题型。其中所询问的词、词组或句子，往往不为考生所熟悉，但又能在文中找到线索进行推测，所以这类考题是检查考生是否具备根据一个词、词组或句子所处的特定环境来判断其意义的能力。解答这类试题时，考生应首先明白，任何词或词语都不是孤立的，它或它们所在的上下文往往能提供重要的线索。某个定义、解释、甚至标点
27、符号、关联词都可以帮助考生推测一些词或词语的意义，除此之外，我们还必须注意所测试的词或词语与其前后一些词形成的同义、反义、并列或指代等关系。这类题常见的提问方式有以下几种：The word “” in line 5 refers toThe word “” （Line 6. para.2） most probably means _.By “”, the author means _.The word “ ”could best be replaced by which of the following?Which of the following is nearest in meaning
28、to “”?In para.2, the sentence “” probably means “”The market investigation is indispensable to sales promotion. They are closely related as the lips and teeth, so to speak. What you produce is for sale on the market. It would be impossible to succeed in selling a product without first investigating the market.In the international market, goods on sale coming from different countries and suppliers are always facing keen competition. Under such circumstances, they will try
