1、2.有些物质名词可转化为可数名词 物质名词 可数名词 drink饮料 two drinks两杯饮料 sugar糖 a sugar一块糖 coffee咖啡 a coffee一杯咖啡 paper纸 a paper一张报纸；一篇论文 tea茶 two teas两杯茶 hair头发 a hair一根头发 Would you like some coffee?I would like a coffee and two beers. 你想喝点咖啡吗？我想要一杯咖啡和两杯啤酒。【举一反三】 例2、Being able to afford _ drink would be _ comfort in those
2、 tough times. Athe；the Ba；a Ca；/ D/；【解析】选B。本题考查冠词及抽象名词具体化。句意：在那些艰苦的岁月里，能买得起一杯饮料都会是一件令人安慰的事。本题考生很容易误选C项,认为comfort“安慰”是不可数名词，其实此处为抽象名词的具体化，a comfort意为“令人感到安慰的一个人或一件事”；a drink意为“一杯饮料”，故B项正确。【易错剖析】考试容易误选C或D，只记住了drink和comfort是不可数名词，没有掌握抽象名词具体化成了可数名词，物质名词表份数也可数。题型二 名词词义辨析例3.Practising Chinese kung fu cann
3、ot only build up ones strength，but also develop ones character. 练习中国功夫不但能使一个人强身健体,而且能培养其性格。例4.You are always full of energy.Can you tell me the secret?Taking plenty of exercise every day. 你总是精力充沛，你能告诉我秘诀吗？每天足够的锻炼。【提分秘籍】 1view，sight，scene （1）view（从某角度看到的）景色，风景，自然美景。（2）sight情景，景象，看见的事物。（3）scene景象，风光，事
4、故现场，场面。From the top of Mount Tai，you can get a wonderful view of sunrise. 从泰山顶上你可以看到特别美丽的日出景色。Seeing the scene of children playing happily in the park，Im full of confidence of our country. 看到孩子们在公园里高兴玩耍的场面，我对我们国家（的未来）充满了信心。2power，strength，force，energy （1）power主要指做事所依靠的能力、功能，也可指人或机器等事物潜在的或发挥出来的力量，还可以
5、指职权或政权。（2）strength指固有的潜力。说人时，指“力气”；说物时，指“强度”。（3）force主要指自然界的力量；暴力、势力以及法律、道德或感情的力量；军事力量等。（4）energy主要指人的精力或自然界中的能量。Its not within my power to help you. 我是爱莫能助啊。3state，position，condition，situation （1）state状态，样子，情况，形势。（2）position位置，职位。（3）condition条件，境况。（4）situation形势，状况，局面。4mark，sign，signal，symbol （1）ma
6、rk标志，标记。（2）sign记号，标记，迹象。（3）signal信号。（4）symbol象征，符号。In our class，when the bell rang and the teacher closed his book，it was a signal for everyone to stand up. 在课堂上，铃声响起，老师合上书就是我们起立的信号。In communication，a smile is usually a strong sign of a friendly and open attitude.（2011高考重庆卷） 在交流方面，微笑通常是友好坦诚态度的明显标志。5
7、award，reward 二者既可作名词也可作动词。award作名词时,意为“奖品”、“奖金”，作动词时，常用于award sb. sth.或award sth.to sb.结构;reward作名词时,意为“报酬”、“奖励”、“报答”,作动词时，常用于reward sb.for sth.结构。The film awards are presented annually. 电影奖每年颁发一次。A reward was offered for the return of the passport. 为找回护照（他）提供了一笔酬金。How can I reward you for your help
8、?我怎样才能报答你的帮助？They awarded scholarship to the best students. 他们把奖学金授予最优秀的学生。例5、From their position on the top of the TV Tower，visitors can have a better view of the city. 从他们在电视塔顶的位置,游客们可以更好地看到这个城市。School children must be taught how to deal with dangerous situations. 学生们必须接受如何应付危险情况的教育。He was in a po
9、or state of health. 他的健康状况不佳。例6、Working hard is not a _ of great success，but it is among the essential requirements. Asign Bsignal Cguarantee Dmark 【易错剖析】本题容易选成mark“标志”，原因是审题时忽略了后面不设空的一句：but it is among the essential requirements，它只是成功的必要条件之一。【高考风向标】【2015湖北】22.He gave himself a new name to hide his
10、_ when he went to carry out the secret task. A. emotion B. talent C. identity D. treasure 【答案】C【解析】句意：他执行一项秘密任务时，给自己起了一个新的名字来掩盖身份。A项“情绪”；B项“才能”；C项“身份”；D项“财富”。故选C项。安徽】30.There is no need to tell me your answer now. Give it some _ and then let me know.A. thought B. support C. protection D. authority【答
11、案】A现在没必要告诉我答案，你再思考一下，之后告诉我。A思考；B支持；C保护；D权威，当局。这里指让对方再好好想想，故选A。江苏】35.Go and say sorry to your Mom, Dave.Id like to, but Im afraid she wont be happy with my _ .A. requests B. excuses C. apologies D. regrets江苏】32.Some schools will have to make _ in agreement with the national soccer reform.A. judgments
12、 B. adjustments C. comments D. achievements【答案】B为了与国家的足球改革相适应，一些学校必须做出调整。A项“判断，决断”；B项“调整”；C项“评价，评论”；D项“成就”。故选B项。福建】24.The failure was a big_to him, but he wasnt discouraged and soon got as enthusiastic as ever.A. blow B. issue C. excuse D. Factor【解析】考查名词辨析A.blow打击;B.issue问题;C.excuse借口;D.factor要素。该句意
13、思为：这个失败对他来说是一个打击，但是他没有泄气，很快振作恢复了原来的热情。故选A浙江】15. One of the most effective ways to reduce is to talk about feeling with someone you trust. A. production B. stress C. energy D. passive一种最有效的减压方法就是和你觉得信任的人谈谈你的想法。A. production意为产品， B. stress意为压力， C. energy意为能源， D. passive意为力量。此题考查的是4个名词的词义辨析，需要正确理解该句的语义
14、。根据常识可以知道，和别人谈心应该来说是减压。所以答案是B. stress意为压力。 1.（2014湖北卷）22. When Richard said, “You are much more agreeable and prettier now,” Joans face turned red at the unexpected _.A. command B. comparison C. compliment D. contribution 【解析】本题考察名词词义辨析。A命令，指挥；B比较；C恭维，赞美，敬意；贺词；D贡献，捐助，捐赠；敬意：当Richard说：现在的你更令人愉快更漂亮。由于这
15、个没有预料到恭维的Joan的脸变红了。根据引号里的“You are much more agreeable and prettier now,”可知这是Rechard对Joan的赞美。根据 句意说明C正确。2.（2014江苏卷）27. She was put under house arrest two years ago but remained a powerful in last years election.A. symbol B. portrait C. identity D. statue 3.（2014天津卷）3.Wind is now the worlds fastest gr
16、owing _ of power.A. source B. sense C. result D. root【答案】A 【解析】本题考察的是名词词义辨析。Source根源，来源，源头；sense感觉，知觉；result结果；root根，根源；原因，本质；祖先；句义：风力是现在世界上增长速度最快的电力来源。根据句义可知souce of power指电力来源。故A正确。 4.（2014浙江卷 ）6. We most prefer to say yes to the _ of someone we know and like. A. attempts B. requests C. doubts D.
17、promises【解析】名词attempt尝试；企图；request请求；doubt怀疑；promise诺言；我们更喜欢同意那些我们了解和喜欢的人的请求。根据句意说明B项request与上下文语境相符。故B正确。1.（2013浙江）4.As the worlds population continues to grow, the _of food becomes more and more of a concern.A.worth B. supply C. package D. list由于世界人口的不断增长，粮食的供应越来越成为大家关注的焦点。A 价值，B供应，供给 C包裹，包装 名单，条目
18、2.（2013浙江）2.Mary worked here as a _ secretary and ended up getting a full-time job with the company.A.pessimistic B. temporary C. previous D. cautious玛丽以前是个临时的秘书在这里工作，但最终成为这个公司的正式人员。根据full-time 可知应选B。A 悲观的 B 临时的，暂时的 C 以前的 D小心谨慎的3.（2013福建卷）22. _ basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickl
19、y to emergencies.A. Known B. Having known C. Knowing D. Being known 【答案】C【解析】考查动名词做主语：分析句子成分，可知谓语是will help，所以前面的是主语，用动名词做主语。了解基本的急救知识可以让你尽快的回应紧急状况。所以选C。4.（2013湖北卷）21. Poetry written from the _ of the urban youth tends to reveal their anxiety over a lack of sense of belonging.A. perspective B. prior
20、ity C. participation D. privilege透视城市青年的诗倾向于揭示他们的焦虑在于缺乏归属感。perspective“透视”； priority“ 优先，优先权”； participation“参加，参与”； privilege“特权，优惠”。5.（2013辽宁卷）23.The accident caused some _ to my car,but it s nothing serious.A.harm B.injury C.ruin D.damage【答案】D.【高考押题】1.People all believe that _ to free trade destr
21、oy wealth, benefiting no one in the long run.Aadministrations BattemptsCprogress Dbarriers答案：D。考查名词辨析。人们都认为从长远的观点来看设置自由贸易的障碍破坏财富，对任何人都没有益处。barrier“障碍，阻碍进步或控制活动的事物”。administration“公共事务的管理，经营，行政”；attempt“尝试，企图”；progress“进步，前进，发展”。易错选A。认为语境是“对自由贸易的管理会破坏财富”而误选。2Many companies in Guangdong are facing a s
22、erious labor _ following the Rabbit Years Spring Festival.Alack BshortageCabsence DstorageB。考查名词短语。在兔年春节之后，广东的很多公司面临着严重的用工荒。labor shortage“劳动力短缺”；lack也有“不足”之意，但用于lack of sth.结构，故被排除；absence “不在，缺席”；storage“（货物等的）贮存，贮藏”。因对名词构成的短语掌握不到位引起的误选。3 _ have an internal clock that controls the beating of our h
23、eart, and the _ of our breathing.AHuman being; steps BHumans; paceCHuman beings; steps DMan;考查名词。人类体内有个生物钟，它控制我们的心跳和呼吸的节奏。因为谓语是have，所以排除A和D；humanshuman being（s），但step的含义是脚步，步伐，措施，故排除C。易错选D。man可以作“人类”讲，但谓语需用单数形式。4Would you do me a favor to choose a wedding dress?Of course, but it is a matter of perso
24、nal _.Aconcern BsenseCstyle Dtaste你能不能帮我选一套结婚礼服？当然可以，不过这是一件涉及个人爱好的事。taste“品味，爱好，嗜好”，符合语境和英语表达习惯。concern“关心，忧虑”；sense“感觉，感觉官能，意识”；style“风格，作风，格调”。易错选B、C。没有准确理解sense“感觉，感觉官能，意识”的意思和用法（如a sense of humour/direction/justice）而误选B；易受汉语思维的影响认为style有“风格，作风”的意思而误选C。5Computer power now allows automatic searche
25、s of fingerprint files to match a print at a crime _.Afield BsceneClocation Doccasion现在的电脑具备自动搜索指纹档案以对比犯罪现场指纹的功能。scene“现场，场面，情景，景色”。field“田野，运动场”；location“位置，场所，所在地”；occasion“场合，时刻，重大活动”。at a crime scene在一个犯罪现场。而D强调场合，概念错误。6These overseas students who are studying in our college show great _ for lea
26、rning a new language.Aenthusiasm BauthorityCsymptom DrecreationA。在我们大学学习的这些海外学生对学习一门新的语言表现出很大的热情。enthusiasm“热心，热情，热忱”。authority“权，权力，职权”；symptom“症状，征候”；recreation“消遣，娱乐，游戏 ”。show enthusiasm for/about对显示热情。D概念错误。7At the APEC Summit held in Yokohama, Japan, AsiaPacific leaders addressed _ over global
27、growth, regional economic development and emerging markets.Aconcerns BcareersCadaption Drecognition8The _ on driving after drinking alcohol is being carried out all over the country, which is helpful to reduce traffic accidents.Awithdrawal BprejudiceCaim D ban酒后禁驾的法令正在全国实施执行，这有助于减少交通事故。ban“禁令”。withdrawal“撤退，退回，取消”；prejudice“偏见，成见”；aim“目标，目的”。易错选C。没有意识到carry out不能和aim搭配而造成误选。9We bought the house for its _. It is very near the shop where I work.Acharacter BvalueCconvenience DconstructionC。我们购买这座房子是因为它的便利，它离我工作的商店很近。由“It is very nea
