1、1. Before she could move, she heard a loud noise, which grew to a terrible roar.2. Tree after tree went down, cut down by the water, which must have been three meters deep.3. Flora, whose beautiful hair and dress were all cold and wet, started crying.4. Their talk includes rhythm and rhyming words a
2、s well as tongue twisters, which often make the audience applaud.（三）关系词前面可以根据定语从句的内容加上一些介词，这些关系词在介词后面常用which 或whom.1. There was a man with whom I would have to work together and finally the manager of the company.2. Many people who saw the film were afraid to swim in the sea when they remembered the
3、 scenes in which people were eaten by the shark.知识重点与难点（一）当先行词有最高级，序数词修饰，是不定代词，或是all, no, only等形式时，关系代词一般用that，而不能用which。1. The Titanic was the largest ship that had ever been built at that time.2. There is one thing that keeps worrying me.（二）当先行词是表示时间，地点，原因的词时，关系词用when, where, why 还有which, that1. I
4、m very glad to return to my hometown where I had lived for 10 years.2. This is my hometown which I used to talk about to you.3. I think I can understand the reason why he didnt tell the truth to me.4. No one believes the reason that he gave us about his absence at the meeting.PPT 中关于定语从句有详细解释（三）定语从句
5、的简化表达：1. The man who is sitting on the platform is a professor from Wuhan University.2. The letter that was mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.3. The question that is being discussed is very important.4. You are welcome to a party to be given in our class at 7:45.说明：以上的定语从句部分可以用更加简单的非谓语形式表达出来
6、：1. The man sitting on the platform is a professor from Wuhan University.2. The letter mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.3. The question being discussed is very important.修饰一个名词除了后面用定语从句以外，还可以用非谓语动词形式：doing短语，done短语，being done短语，to be done短语修饰。其结构和意思如下：1. 被修饰名词+doing短语： 正在做.的人/正在发生的事。2. 被修饰名
7、词+ done短语： 被.的人/事3. 被修饰名词+being done短语：正在被.的人/事4. 被修饰名词+ to be done短语：将要被.的人/事（1）Do you know the man talking to my sister ?（2）The “crazy” gesture, moving the index finger in a circle in front of the ear, means “you have a phone call” in Brazil.（3）Did you see that car being repaired ?（4）In a camera,
8、the lens must be focused on the object to be photographed.（5）The students to attend the meeting will arrive here tomorrow.（6）Goods imported from abroad are not always better than those made in China.（7）The Yellow River, said to be “the mother river” runs across China like a huge dragon.总结：以上做定语的那些短语
9、就是英语语法中所说的分词，不定式的各种形式作定语。1. 这些短语作定语应放在被修饰名词的后面。如果单独一个V-ing或V-ed形式作定语，则可以放在被修饰名词前面。2. 分词作定语时，其动作应与全句动作同时发生。V-ing表示主动意义和正在做，V-ed表示被动意义。being done表示正在被做的3. 不定式作定语表示将要发生的，to be done表示将要被做的【典型例题】例1 Friendship is needed by all, _ plays an important role in peoples lives.A. which B. that C. who D. it分析：_ p
10、lays an important role in peoples lives为非限定性定语从句修饰先行词Friendship用which连接定语从句。答案：A例2 Uncle Li _ I worked three years ago has retired now.A. who B. whom C. with whom D. to whom_ I worked three years ago作为定语从句修饰先行词Uncle Li，从句完整的表达是：I worked with Uncle Li three years ago. 所以关系词前应加上介词with。C例3 Is this the
11、reason _ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work ?A. he explained B. what he explained C. how he explained D. why he explained定语从句_ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work修饰先行词the reason指“他在会上就他工作中的粗心解释的原因。先行词在从句中做宾语。 例4 Teachers, _ work is rather hard, are being better paid than bef
12、ore.A. who B. that C. which D. whose非限定性定语从句_ work is rather hard修饰先行词teachers, 它与从句中的work是从属关系，关系词用whose D例5 The Olympic Games , _ in 776 BC, didnt included women players until 1912.A. first playing B. to be first playedC. first played D. to be first playing公元前776年被首次举行的奥运会，直到1912年才容纳女运动员。_in 776 B
13、C做定语修饰The Olympic Games，指过去的内容，表示被动。用done做定语。例6 The houses _ for the teachers and the construction work will start soon.A. built B. to be built C. to build D. being built根据句意房子即将开工。_ for the teachers and the construction work修饰The houses应为The houses The houses将要为教师和施工修建的房子。B例7 How many of us_, a mee
14、ting that is not important to us would be interested in the discussion?A. attended B. attending C. to attend D. have attended根据句意：比如说，我们当中参加一个对我们毫不重要的会议的人会有多少人对这个讨论感兴趣呢？_, say, a meeting that is not important to us修饰How many of us做定语。与全句动作同步. 例8 She has three children, _ is working in Australia.A. w
15、ho B. one of whom C. one of them D. none of them非限定性定语从句_ is working in Australia修饰先行词three children，根据从句中的is判断，是说：三个孩子中的一个在澳大利亚工作。【模拟试题】1. Susan is the very girl _ the good deed.A. whom I think did B. whom I think she didC. who I think did D. I think who did2. Luckily, the poor boy had enough money
16、 _ he could buy a train ticket.A. by which B. on which C. with which D. for which3. The book _ he devoted much time is to come out next month.A. where B. which C. to which D. on which4. The day came finally _ I was given an opportunity to act in the play.A. when B. in that C. which D. in which5. 1.
17、Dont you think the question _ tomorrow is of great importance.A. being discussed B. discussedC. to be discussed D. to discuss6. The food _ at the moment is for the dinner party.A. cooked B. to be cooked C. is being cooked D. being cooked7. Do you know the teacher _ under the big tree ?A. read B. rea
18、ds C. reading D. being read【试题答案】1. C Susan 正是我认为作了好事的那位女孩。先行词the very girl在从句中做think的宾语，同时又是后面宾语从句did the good deed.的主语，所以关系词不能用whom2. C 定语从句_ he could buy a train ticket.修饰先行词money：用这笔钱买火车票。关系词前面需要加介词：with3. C 定语从句_ he devoted much time意思是：他把大量的时间都投入在这本书上了。devote.to sth.关系词前加介词：to4. A 定语从句_ I was
19、given an opportunity to act in the play修饰先行词the day ：先行词the day在从句中做时间状语：在这一天我得到了扮演一个角色的机会。5. C 短语_ tomorrow做定语修饰the question，根据表达的内容：明天即将被讨论的问题。应当用不定式的被动结构做定语。6. D 短语_ at the moment做the food的定语,表示：正在做的食物。Being done 做定语表示：正在被的。7. C 现在分词短语reading under the big tree做定语修饰the teacher 表示：正在大树下看书的那位老师。情态动
20、词1. 情态动词的推测表达2. 情态动词表达虚拟语气3. 某些情态动词的特殊用法知识重点与难点总结知识重点：情态动词在表达推测意义的句子中的运用：（一）用情态动词表达事实的推测。can，could，might，may，must可以用来表达对事实的推测。根据说话人对事实的把握性大小，must表示“肯定”，may / might / can / could表示“可能”， must只用于肯定句中，may / might的否定式may not / might not表示 “可能不”, 而can / could可以用于疑问句，表示“可能，可能吗?”，其否定式cant / couldnt 表示“不可能”。
21、用情态动词可以对现在或过去的事实进行推测。对不同的时间内容推测有不同的结构。（二）对现在的事实进行推测：主要结构：must / may / might +动词原形be+名词/形容词/介词短语be + doing例句：1. You must be Jeanne. Im Mathilde Loisel. We used to know each other very well. 2. They must be in bed already at this time of the night.3. The teacher must be joking.4. Freda isnt in class.
22、She must be sick.5. There must be something wrong.6. She might be very clever, but she hasnt got much common sense.7. He may be arriving this evening.8. He may be traveling around the world.9. The keys cant be in the room. I have just searched it very carefully.10. Can the news be true ?（三）对过去的事实进行推
23、测：情态动词+have done / been+名词/形容词/介词短语1. Mrs. Longmans must have been a pretty girl in her youth.2. He couldnt have seen Anna yesterday. Shes gone abroad.3. I think I must have left my glasses in the library.4. He might have overslept again.5. Where can Tom have gone ?情态动词表达虚拟语气：表达“本来”，“不然早就”。这是情态动词的一种
24、虚拟语气用法。表示说话人所讲的与所发生的事实相反。表达了说话人的埋怨，后悔的语气。其结构是在一些情态动词后面加 have done 结构。根据要表达的意思，有如下结构：should have done / ought to have done：本应该shouldnt have done / oughtnt to have done：本不该could have done：本来可以neednt have done：本来没必要would like to have done：本来很想would rather not have done: 本来不愿意could / might / have done:
25、不然早就1. You shouldnt have laughed at his mistakes.2. You could have told us earlier.3. I ought to have bought that dictionary last week.4. You ought not to have spent so much time in reading novels.5. We need not have been in a tearing hurry to catch the train.6. They would like to have seen that fil
26、m last film.7. If he had given me his number, I could have telephoned him.8. They might have been frozen to death but for the rescue in time.知识难点：某些情态动词的特殊用法：need 和dare 的两种形式的用法need 和dare可以用做实义动词，后面接不定式（to do）结构，在疑问句和否定句中，加助动词do/does/did/或dont/doesnt/didnt。作为情态动词使用时，主要用于疑问句和否定句中。情态动词neednt（没有必要，不必）相
27、当于dont have to1. It is cold, you need to wear some warm clothes.2. Need I stay here with you for a while ? Thank you, you neednt.3. How dare you speak to parents like that ?注意：句型I dare say+从句。 意思是：我肯定 = Im sure或There is no doubt that+从句。I dare say that my uncle will get the money if I die.will和would表示“意志”或“愿意”，would 则指过去愿意做1. He said that he would help us.2. You may telephone if you will accept this job.would可以表达“过去习惯做”类似于“used to do”1. When we were children, we woul
