1、对外经济贸易大学考研国际贸易学综合试题对外经济贸易大学2003年考研国际贸易学综合试题对外经济贸易大学2003年考研国际贸易学综合试题2008-11-1918:24 页面功能 【字体：大 中 小】【打印】【关闭】 一、填空(每空1.5分，共9分)1、商品的边际替代率是指，在( )不变的前提下，每增加一单位的某种商品而需要减少的另一种商品的数量。2、哈罗德认为一个国家的经济增长率取决于( )和( )。3、正常关税一般是指( )。4、一国持有国家储备的成本指( )与利息之差。5、IMF会员国的投票权主要取决于他们的( )。二、判断下列各题的叙述是否正确，正确的划勾，错误的划差。(每小题1.5分，共
2、9分)1、垄断厂商在实现短期均衡时，可能会出现亏损，即经济利润为负。2、国民经济中只要有摩擦性事业或资源性事业存在，就不能说经济实现了充分就业。3、按照国际商会制定的2000通则中的D组贸易术语成交的合同均属于到达合同(ArrivalContract)，在这类合同下，卖方均无办理货运保险的义务。4、WTO海关估价协议规定了六种海关估价的办法，它们是进口商品的成交价格、相同商品的成交价格、类似商品的成交价格、倒扣法、计算价格法和合理办法。5、2002年6月经中国人民银行批准，渣打银行成为首家获准向中国内地居民和企业提供外币服务的外资银行。6、择期是一种可以放弃合约履行的外汇业务。三、单项选择题(
3、每题1.5分，共6分)1、在垄断厂商的长期均衡产量上可以有：A、PLACB、PIB、DX+DIID、SX+SII四、多项选择题(每题2.5分，共10分)1、下列哪些项目可计入GDP：A、政府转移支付B、购买一辆新的载重卡车C、购买一辆新的载重卡车模型玩具D、购买一块地产2、出口管制的商品主要包括：A、战略物资及其有关的先进技术资料，如武器，军事设备等B、对国内生产所需的原材料、半成品及国内市场供应不足的某些必需品C、密集使用本国丰裕生产要素的产品D、某些重要的文物、艺术品、黄金、白银等特殊品3、根据国际惯例，下列有关可转让信用证的说明中，正确的是：A、可转让信用证的受益人可以将信用证金额转让给
4、一个或一个以上的人使用B、可转让信用证的转让以一次为限，因此只有第一和第二受益人没有第三受益人C、可转让信用证中必须注明可转让(Transferable)字样，否则不能转让D、可转让信用证的第二受益人因故不能履约时，也不能将信用证转回给第一受益人4、套汇的主要方式有：A、两角套汇B、三角套汇C、套利D、套期保值五、简单准确解释下列名词(每题4分，共16分)1、局部均衡和一般均衡2、机会成本3、技术性贸易壁垒4、根本性违约六、论述与分析题(第1题10分，第2、3题各15分，第4题10分，共50分)1、国际储备管理的原则和内容是什么？2、如何理解经济全球化条件下各国贸易政策的竞争与协调关系。3、假
5、定某一化工厂生产的产品需求函数为：P=600-2Q，成本函数为CP=3Q2-400Q+40000(1)求利润最大时的产量、价格和利润(2)若由于外部不经济(环境污染)使社会受到损失从而使社会成本函数为CS=4.25Q2-400Q+40000试求帕累托最优的产量和价格应为多少：(3)简单说明外部不经济对资源配置效率的影响，政府应该相应采取什么措施解决外部不经济问题？4、某年9月中旬，A公司有一机器设备要出售，向国外某客户B公司发盘。发盘中介绍了设备情况，报了价格，并规定发盘有效期为9月底之前。B公司研究了发盘条件，认为可以接受，但没有向发盘人表示接受的意向，而是派代理人直接到A公司所在地办理购买
6、手续并安排接运设备事宜。但在20日，C公司得知A公司要出售设备的消息，便派人到现场付款后提货。9月25日B公司的代理人赶到A公司所在地时，发现所要设备已被他人提走，便要求A公司赔偿他的损失。对此A公司认为双方之间没有合同关系，予以拒绝。请问，B公司是否有权向A公司索赔？并请说明理由。七、专业英语(英译中，第1题15分，第2题15分，第3题20分，共50分)1.lets really clean up those numbersnowLittle noticed in the shock of WorldCom Inc.s massive accounting fraud is that it
7、came to light only after a review initiated by the companys audit committee. Yes,believe it or not,the directors in theboardroom actually asked their auditors to take another look at the numbers.Lo and behold,that review let to the largest single restatement ever:a $3.8 billion reduction in previous
8、ly reported pretax income. Together with Xerox Corps recent concession that it overstated operating earnings by $1.4billion,these two corporate meaculpas alone nearly match the combined total hit of $5.8 billion from all 463 restatements in 1998，1999,and 2000.How much worse can it get？ Plenty. Its n
9、ot that well likely see numbers as breathtaking as those as World Comor Xerox. But expect a tidal wave of restatements to come in what will surely amount to some sort of accounting chatharsis. If ever there was a time for companies to come clean,its now. Over the years,the quality of financial repor
10、ting has varied widely. Some companies did the bare minimum to meet accounting standards. Others were more cautious. To get beyond the current stock market malaise,companies need to flush out the excesses so investors can regain their confidence in our financial system. Its better to take a hit now
11、than risk dragging this out over the next few years.2.Happy birthday,Milton FriedmanMilton Friedmans professional career has been marked by controversy over his many policy proposals. Yet as he approaches his 90th birthday,Friedman is increasingly recognized as the most influential economist in a 20
12、th century that witnessed towering contributions from John Maynard Keynes,Paul A. Samuelson,and others.Friedman is best known for monetarism,a view that stability in the growth of the money supply is crucial to controlling inflation and recessions. Although the relation between the money supply and
13、the economy has often been highly variable,no less an authority than Fedral Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan has indicated that Friedmans emphasis on a stable monetary framework was instrumental in guiding central banks in Europe and the U.S. toward low inflation during the pass two decades.Before Fr
14、iedman,economic conventional wisdom held that inflation reduces unemployment because prices rise faster than labor costs. In the late 1960s,Friedman argued instead that there is no permanent reduction in unemployment from continuing inflation because wages eventually catch up to prices as expectatio
15、ns about inflation become more accurate. His analysis has been validated twice since thenby the high U.S. the 90 even though inflation was negligible.Two decades before Chile introduces its revolutionary private individual account retirement system,Friedmans classic 1962 book Capitalism and Freedom
16、criticized the prevailing pay-as-you -go Social Security systems for restricting the ability of individuals to choose how much and in what form to save for retirement,and for mixing a welfare program for elderly poor with a compulsory program that applies to all the elderly. Has his advice been foll
17、owed twenty years ago,there would be no impending Social Security financing crisis in the U.S. and other developed nations with aging population.3. Are Force Majeure Clauses Exclusion Clauses？In order to differentiate an exclusion or limitation clause from a force majeure clause we must first define
18、 exactly what we mean by exclusion clauses and examine their effect on the contractual relations of the parties. We might then usefully compare the operatiogogo to that of force majeure clauses.A tripartite distinction betweegogo: Protective conditions are three distinct types:first,those which limi
19、t or reduce what would otherwise be the defendants duty； second,those which exclude the defendants liability for breach of specified aspects of that duty,and third,those which limit the extent to which the defendant is bound to indemnify the plaintiff in respect of the consequences of breaches of th
20、at duty. The difference between the first two categories is said to be this:in the first case there is no breach of contract since there is no obligation to perform in the circumstances which have arisen,whilst in the second case there is a breach but the liability to pay damages in respect of it ha
21、s been removed.Force majeure clauses,it seems,go to limit the extent of the obligation assumed by the promisor. They do not operate so as to shield a promisor from liability for a breach of contract. A force majeure clause will ensure that non-performance is no breach because no performance was due in the circumstances that have occurred.
