1、托福阅读技巧,段落逻辑篇,通用技巧,上下文猜重点词段首段尾知主旨注意例证和转折核心定位找原句排除陷阱干扰项,逻辑关系,How do you read a paragraph?,Do you read every detail or only read the sentences with the key words in the questions?,Time-consuming！,Confusing！,How do you read a paragraph?,Do you read the paragraph again and again when it is hard to unders
2、tand or when it is hard to find the answer to the question?,Example 1,Read the following paragraph to answer the question.,Paragraph 3:If true,though,why did cold-blooded animals such as snakes,lizards,turtles,and crocodiles survive the freezing winters and torrid summers?These animals are at the me
3、rcy of the climate to maintain a livable body temperature.Its hard to understand why they would not be affected,whereas dinosaurs were left too crippled to cope,especially if,as some scientists believe,dinosaurs were warm-blooded.Critics also point out that the shallow seaways had retreated from and
4、 advanced on the continents numerous times during the Mesozoic,so why did the dinosaurs survive the climatic changes associated with the earlier fluctuations but not with this one?Although initially appealing,the hypothesis of a simple climatic change related to sea levels is insufficient to explain
5、 all the data.Why does the author mention the survival of“snakes,lizards,turtles,and crocodiles”in paragraph 3?To argue that dinosaurs may have become extinct because they were not cold-blooded animalsTo question the adequacy of the hypothesis that climatic change related to sea levels caused the ex
6、tinction of the dinosaursTo present examples of animals that could maintain a livable body temperature more easily than dinosaursTo support a hypothesis that these animals were not as sensitive to climate changes in the Cretaceous period as they are today,Paragraph 3:If true,though,why did cold-bloo
7、ded animals such as snakes,lizards,turtles,and crocodiles survive the freezing winters and torrid summers?These animals are at the mercy of the climate to maintain a livable body temperature.Its hard to understand why they would not be affected,whereas dinosaurs were left too crippled to cope,especi
8、ally if,as some scientists believe,dinosaurs were warm-blooded.Critics also point out that the shallow seaways had retreated from and advanced on the continents numerous times during the Mesozoic,so why did the dinosaurs survive the climatic changes associated with the earlier fluctuations but not w
9、ith this one?Although initially appealing,the hypothesis of a simple climatic change related to sea levels is insufficient to explain all the data.Why does the author mention the survival of“snakes,lizards,turtles,and crocodiles”in paragraph 3?To argue that dinosaurs may have become extinct because
10、they were not cold-blooded animalsTo question the adequacy of the hypothesis that climatic change related to sea levels caused the extinction of the dinosaursTo present examples of animals that could maintain a livable body temperature more easily than dinosaursTo support a hypothesis that these ani
11、mals were not as sensitive to climate changes in the Cretaceous period as they are today,Example 2,Read the following paragraph to answer the question.,Dissatisfaction with conventional explanations for dinosaur extinctions led to a surprising observation that,in turn,has suggested a new hypothesis.
12、Many plants and animals disappear abruptly from the fossil record as one moves from layers of rock documenting the end of the Cretaceous up into rocks representing the beginning of the Cenozoic(the era after the Mesozoic).Between the last layer of Cretaceous rock and the first layer of Cenozoic rock
13、,there is often a thin layer of clay.Scientists felt that they could get an idea of how long the extinctions took by determining how long it took to deposit this one centimeter of clay and they thought they could determine the time it took to deposit the clay by determining the amount of the element
14、 iridium(lr)it contained.In paragraph 4,all the following questions are answered EXCEPT:Why is there a layer of clay between the rocks of the Cretaceous and Cenozoic?Why were scientists interested in determining how long it took to deposit the layer of clay at the end of the Cretaceous?What was the
15、effect of the surprising observation scientists made?Why did scientists want more information about the dinosaur extinctions at the end of the Cretaceous?,Dissatisfaction with conventional explanations for dinosaur extinctions led to a surprising observation that,in turn,has suggested a new hypothes
16、is.Many plants and animals disappear abruptly from the fossil record as one moves from layers of rock documenting the end of the Cretaceous up into rocks representing the beginning of the Cenozoic(the era after the Mesozoic).Between the last layer of Cretaceous rock and the first layer of Cenozoic r
17、ock,there is often a thin layer of clay.Scientists felt that they could get an idea of how long the extinctions took by determining how long it took to deposit this one centimeter of clay and they thought they could determine the time it took to deposit the clay by determining the amount of the elem
18、ent iridium(lr)it contained.In paragraph 4,all the following questions are answered EXCEPT:Why is there a layer of clay between the rocks of the Cretaceous and Cenozoic?Why were scientists interested in determining how long it took to deposit the layer of clay at the end of the Cretaceous?What was t
19、he effect of the surprising observation scientists made?Why did scientists want more information about the dinosaur extinctions at the end of the Cretaceous?,The internal logic?,Dissatisfaction with conventional explanations for dinosaur extinctions led to a surprising observation that,in turn,has s
20、uggested a new hypothesis.Many plants and animals disappear abruptly from the fossil record as one moves from layers of rock documenting the end of the Cretaceous up into rocks representing the beginning of the Cenozoic(the era after the Mesozoic).Between the last layer of Cretaceous rock and the fi
21、rst layer of Cenozoic rock,there is often a thin layer of clay.Scientists felt that they could get an idea of how long the extinctions took by determining how long it took to deposit this one centimeter of clay and they thought they could determine the time it took to deposit the clay by determining
22、 the amount of the element iridium(lr)it contained.,因,果,目的,方式,Dissatisfaction with conventional explanations for dinosaur extinctions led to a surprising observation that,in turn,has suggested a new hypothesis.Many plants and animals disappear abruptly from the fossil record as one moves from layers
23、 of rock documenting the end of the Cretaceous up into rocks representing the beginning of the Cenozoic(the era after the Mesozoic).Between the last layer of Cretaceous rock and the first layer of Cenozoic rock,there is often a thin layer of clay.Scientists felt that they could get an idea of how lo
24、ng the extinctions took by determining how long it took to deposit this one centimeter of clay and they thought they could determine the time it took to deposit the clay by determining the amount of the element iridium(lr)it contained.In paragraph 4,all the following questions are answered EXCEPT:Wh
25、y is there a layer of clay between the rocks of the Cretaceous and Cenozoic?Why were scientists interested in determining how long it took to deposit the layer of clay at the end of the Cretaceous?What was the effect of the surprising observation scientists made?Why did scientists want more informat
26、ion about the dinosaur extinctions at the end of the Cretaceous?,Can you remember the logic?,Please take notes if necessary!,因果转折对比类比比较目的分类,Pp,常见逻辑笔记符号,帮助分析，一目了然！O(_)O,The internal logic?,Dissatisfaction with conventional explanations for dinosaur extinctions led to a surprising observation that,in
27、turn,has suggested a new hypothesis.Many plants and animals disappear abruptly from the fossil record as one moves from layers of rock documenting the end of the Cretaceous up into rocks representing the beginning of the Cenozoic(the era after the Mesozoic).Between the last layer of Cretaceous rock
28、and the first layer of Cenozoic rock,there is often a thin layer of clay.Scientists felt that they could get an idea of how long the extinctions took by determining how long it took to deposit this one centimeter of clay and they thought they could determine the time it took to deposit the clay by d
29、etermining the amount of the element iridium(lr)it contained.,笔记？,The internal logic?,Exchange your notes and discuss how it reveals the logic of the passage.,The internal logic?,In paragraph 4,all the following questions are answered EXCEPT:Why is there a layer of clay between the rocks of the Cret
30、aceous and Cenozoic?Why were scientists interested in determining how long it took to deposit the layer of clay at the end of the Cretaceous?What was the effect of the surprising observation scientists made?Why did scientists want more information about the dinosaur extinctions at the end of the Cre
31、taceous?,理解段落逻辑的作用,便于做笔记和提高难题正确率（修辞题、推断题、细节题、插入题）便于判断段落主次信息（小结题）利用常见段落逻辑形式加快阅读速度,构建段落逻辑模型,总分结构时间顺序对比结构问题-解决（怎么做）现象-原因（为什么）概念-解释（是什么）,常见结构,常见内容,平时多思考，熟定能生巧！O(_)O,区分信息重要层级,区分主次 变速阅读速度：信息点要点论点学会迅速判断和扫读非考点细节细节描述的特征：常无标志词数字、年代专有名词事件经过,跳跃式阅读，习惯成自然！O(_)O,针对难点重点分析,建立逻辑模型 提炼架构笔记,常见细节形式：例证 eg.对比 A/B类比 AB描述 Dx
32、,常见要点形式：1.列举 1st,2nd,3rd（原因Cs,结果Rs，目的Pp）A2.分类 B C3.态度 Op1 Op2 Op1 Op2,重难点分析，还要靠笔记！O(_)O,主动推测与预测,主动总结要点填补逻辑空白,更好的理解，推测不可缺！O(_)O,请分析结构总结要点、填补逻辑空白,Dissatisfaction with conventional explanations for dinosaur extinctions led to a surprising observation that,in turn,has suggested a new hypothesis.Many pla
33、nts and animals disappear abruptly from the fossil record as one moves from layers of rock documenting the end of the Cretaceous up into rocks representing the beginning of the Cenozoic(the era after the Mesozoic).Between the last layer of Cretaceous rock and the first layer of Cenozoic rock,there is often a thin layer of clay.Scientists felt that they could get an idea of how long the extinctions
