1、1mjt阅读题型专题复习考点及策略“阅读题型专题复习”考点及策略一 . 题型分析根据上下文和构词法推断和理解生词的含义能理解段落中句子之间的逻辑关系能找出文章中的主题,理解故事的情节,预测故事情节的发展和可能的结局能读懂常见体裁的阅读材料能根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息能运用字典等工具书进行学习课外阅读量应累计达到15万词以上语言材料新颖地道, 题材广泛, 信息量大材料注重学生的素质教育, 思想性强, 贴近学生的现实生活, 富有时代特征题目设计越来越偏向深层能力(推理判断、中心思想、段落大意、归纳信息、作者意图)猜词义的考查总词数越来越大，对学生的阅读速度提出了更高的要求。考查应
2、用文（图表、广告、新闻、书信，电子邮件）和科普文章二. 阅读理解的考点及策略（一）体裁介绍:1. 记叙文(故事、人物传记) 2. 说明文（史地知识、科普知识） 3. 应用文（图表、广告、新闻、书信，电子邮件）4. 议论文（二）考题题目设计：1猜测词义特点： 要求对文中个别难词、关键词、词组或句子做出解释。解答这类题目是需要对有关上下文，甚至整篇文章的内容建立准确、立体的理解才能做出正确答案。2 事实细节辨认题特点： 首先要求理解文章的内涵， 抓住事件发生的时间、地点、人物、发展过程和结局这几个环节， 去分析、理解或计算得出结论。 可从文章表面找到答案，只要通读全文所叙述的重要事实， 就可以解答
3、出来， 有的甚至可以从文章的原句中直接找到答案。3 综合判断题特点： 需要理解文章内涵，读完全文后要通过分析理解或计算才能得出结论。4 逻辑推理题特点： 往往不能直接从文中找到答案， 而必须根据上下文及其相互间的关系或对整篇文章进行深层理解后，才能找到答案。有时甚至还得联系作者的意图、态度等弦外之音和文外之意加以推理，才能获得正确答案。 应从情节所提供的基本事实出发，寻找一定规律，如：时间关系、条件关系、因果关系、比较关系、转折关系等作为推理的根据。 (一) 主旨题 (main idea)四种形式：文首；文中 ；文尾；没有明确主旨, 需总结 解题技巧*不管它出现在文章题目的什么位置, 都作为最
4、后一道题去做, 因为做完其他题以后会对主旨的理解有帮助*着重理解首末段,首末句*主旨在文章中间的情况(非文首文尾), 遇到文章前后段意思转折,提高警惕 主旨题的注意事项:*段落中出现转折时,该句很可能是主题句*作者有意识的反复重复的观点通常是主旨*首段出现疑问句时,对该问题的解答就是文章主旨*提出文章主旨时常伴有的文字提示: therefore, thus, but, however, in short等等 (二)作者观点和态度题解题技巧*作者对某一事物的看法,要么支持,要么反对,带中立色彩的词最不可能是正确答案 *漠不关心类词语一定不对,既然写文章就不会不关心 *不要把自己的态度揉入其中,也
5、要区分开作者的态度和作者引用的别人的态度 *当作者的态度没有明确提出时,要学会根据作者使用词语的褒贬性去判断作者的态度 *作者观点一般与文章主旨相关联 (三)猜测词义两种方式: 超纲词义含义推断; 熟词生义或是在特定场合的意思 解题技巧*根据上下文进行推理猜测 *正确选项不是熟词的常规含义猜测词义的方法*构词法:根据词根,词缀判断词义 *词性加搭配:先判断生词在文章中的词性,再看它与哪些词语可以搭配,最后根据自己的常识推测*找同位词:上下文中有可能有类似生词出现的句子的平行结构,找出其中和生词处于同一位置的词去推测 (四)推理引申题 干扰项的特点 *只是原文的简单复述,而非推断出来的结论,把直
6、接表达当作间接推理 *看似从原文推断出来的结论,然而实际上与原文不符,如因果倒置,手段变目的等 *根据考生已有的常识是正确的,但是却不是基于文章,一切以文章为准 *推理过头,引申过渡 正确选项的特点*不是文中明确说明的内容,没有引申推理就不是正确选项 *正确选项大多含义深刻,不是常识选项 *注意那些似乎话中有话的的间接表达句,它们往往采用说半句,打比喻,反着说的方式,让考生有推理的余地 *注意含义深刻或结构复杂的句子.考生对作者表达的意思能不能一下子看透,也是命题点所在 (五)事实细节题 正确选项特点*一般可以在文章中直接或间接找到答案,但是不可能与阅读材料一模一样,而是用不同的词语或句型表达
7、相同的意思 。题干+正确选项的信息值等于或者约等于原文中某句的信息值 干扰选项的特点*部分正确,部分错误*是原文信息,但是不是题目要求的内容*符合常识,但不是文章内容*与原句的内容极为相似,只是在程度上有些变动历届考题分析1. 记叙文(故事、人物传记)04年 这是一篇课堂故事, 该故事告诉我们一个什么道理呢?Mr. Harris taught sixth-grade science. On the first day of class, he gave us a talk about an animal called birdcat，which died out during the Ice
8、Age . He passed around a skull(头骨) as he talked. We all took notes carefully and later we had a test . When he returned my paper the next day, there was a big red ”X” through each of my answers. I had failed! There had to be some mistake! I had written down exactly(确切的)what Mr. Harris said .Then I l
9、earned that everyone in the class had failed. What had happened? Very simple, Mr. Harris said. He had made up all that birdcat There had never been any such animal. The information in our notes was therefore incorrect. Did you think you would get good marks for incorrect answers? Needless to say, we
10、 felt that was unfair(不公平的). What kind of a test was this? And what kind of a teacher?We should have figured it out. Mr. Harris said. After all, at the very moment he was passing around the birdcat skull, in truth a cats, hadnt he been telling us no other findings about this animal except the skull?
11、 He had told us many unbelievable things about the animal, such as the size, the color, the strength but none of us had questioned.Mr Harris said he hoped we would learn something from this lesson. Teachers and textbooks are not always correct. In fact no one is. He told us not to let our minds go t
12、o sleep and to speak up if we ever thought he or the textbook was wrong.Up to now I havent made any great scientific discoveries, but Mr. Harriss class gave me and my classmates something just as important: To look people in the eye and tell them they are wrong.(1) Which would be the best title for
13、this passage? (主旨意思)A. An unforgettable Test.B. A strange Animal Called BirdcatC. An Unfair TestD. Incorrect Information(2). Figure it out should mean _ (猜测词义)A. think and find it out B. answer itC. draw it out D. learn and turn it out(3) I failed in the science test because_(事实细节题)A. I didnt answer
14、 all the questionsB. I didnt answer the paper according to what Mr Harris said.C. the information in my answers was wrong.D. M r Harris made some mistake.(4) We can learn from this passage that_(推理引申题)A. M r Harris was the only person who found the animal birdcatB. M r Harris used a cats skull inste
15、ad of a birdcats because they were the same.C. We should be brave to speak out against what we dont believe.D. Teachers and textbooks are usually incorrect.ANSWERS:(1) A(2)A(3)C(4)C05年请大家看一看Mary 和 Peter,还有他们的朋友们有一次怎样的奇遇呢?Mary and Peter were having a picnic with some friends near a river when Mary sh
16、outed, “Look! That s a spaceship up there and its going to land here.” Frightened by the strange spaceship, all the young people got into their cars and drove away as quickly as possible except Peter and Mary. They were more curious(好奇的) than frightened .They watched the spaceship land and saw a doo
17、r open, but nobody came out, so they went to look into it . In the centre of the floor , there was a lot of food .Peter followed Mary into the spaceship and did not hear the door close behind him . The temperature fell in no time and very soon the two young people didnt know anything. When they came
18、 to, they were surprised to see that they were back by the river again .The spaceship had gone . Their cat was nearby. “What happened?” asked Mary. Peter scratched his head, saying slowly, Dont ask me . Perhaps we had a problem Come on .Its time to go home. After driving about fifty meters, they fou
19、nd, they found a thick wall made of something like glass stood in their way. On the other side of the wall, a few strange aliens were looking through the wall and reading a notice which, translated into English. Said: New comers at the zoo: a pair of earth villagers in their field with their house o
20、n wheels.(1)Which of the following is true? (事实细节题) A. It was Peter who saw the spaceship first. B. The spaceship landed on the river. C. All the young people went for the picnic by car. D. When Peter went into the spaceship, Mary followed him.(2)what happened after Mary and Peter entered the spaces
21、hip ? (推理引申题) A. They were asked to eat much food B. The temperature went up C. Someone they couldnt see knocked them down. D. The spaceship flew away with them and part of the field.(3)What can we learn from the end of the story? (推理引申题) A. Peter and Mary became villagers. B. Peter and Mary were in
22、 another planet. C. Peter and Mary went back home. D. Peter and Mary visited the zoo. (4)The underlined part house on wheels means _ in this story. (猜测词义) A. car B. space C. wall D. zooANSWERS:(1) C(2)C(3)B(4)A06年人们都喜欢和诚实的人交往共事。也许你无法让所有的人都喜欢你,但是至少可以让大多数人都信赖你。诚实的人日久天长会逐渐形成宽容博大.那些讨厌正直诚实的人,机会同样也讨厌他们。 I
23、t was a great day for a picnic and a picnic was a great day to start the summer holiday. Fred brought his classmates John and Betty to a wonderful picnic place.After lunch, John said they should play football. When the ball came to Fred, he locked it into some long grass. “Ill get it.” he said and h
24、urried off to find the ball. Moments later there was a shout and out came Fred holding his leg, “Ive bitten by a snake!”As the others rushed over to help. Fred began laughing. “Ha! Im not really hurt.” But Betty didnt laugh, “I cant believe you did that, Fred. I was really frightened for you.”The fr
25、iends then decided to go for a swim. John and Betty jumped into the water. Fred was standing on a long rock by the riverbank and said, “Watch me jump.” They shouted excitedly as he went under the water, but as the seconds passed he didnt come back to the top. The friends became worried. Suddenly the
26、y heard Freds laugh, “Wont you ever learn? I swam behind this tree when I jumped.” “Very funny, Fred?” said John angrily. “Anyway, Im feeling tired and Im going for a sleep.” Betty joined him. Fred, however, moved to a narrow part of the river and jumped in. Although he was a good swimmer, the water
27、 there was moving much faster and Fred found himself dragged away. He managed to catch hold of a tree, but he was very tired now and with the water still moving very fast, couldnt pull himself out.Back at the picnic place, as Betty and John were preparing to sleep, they heard Freds cries for help, J
28、ohn looked at Betty and said, “Does he really think were so foolish? Wake me up in an hour. Itll be time to go back home then.” (1). What happened when Fred went to get the football? (事实细节题) A. He was bitten by a snake. B. He fell and cut himself. C. He called for the others to help him. D. He let o
29、ut a frightening shout.(2). At the end of the story, why didnt John and Betty go to help Fred? A. They didnt believe that Fred was really in trouble. B. They thought Fred was a good swimmer. C. They couldnt hear his cries for help. D. They were too tired and needed to rest. (3). The underlined word
30、“dragged” means “_”. (猜测词义) A. pulled B. held C. guided D. gave(4). What can you learn from this story? (推理引申题)A. It is important for a person to tell the truth. B. You should know how to swim if toy want to play in the river. C. You must watch out for snakes in the countryside. D. Picnics can often
31、 be dangerous for children.ANSWERS:(1)D(2)A(3)A(4)A2. 说明文（史地知识、科普知识）04年How much do you know about A. l. (Artificial Intelligence)? Artificial means man-made and intelligence means the ability to learn understand and think about things A. l. is about making machines think talk do and see A. l. is used in many fields from playing games to helping doctors many machines around us work very well because they work with the help of A. l.Man has always dreamed of building thinking machines. In 1770 Wolfgand Kempelen
