1、裕兴新概念第二册学习笔记3课解析Lesson 3 Please Send Me a Card 请给我寄张明信片一、 单词讲解：【New words and expressions】生词和短语（11）send(sent/sent/sending) v. 寄，送postcard n. 明信片spoil spoiled(spoilt) v. 使索然无味，损坏museum n. 博物馆public adj. 公共的friendly adj. 友好的waiter n. 服务员，招待员lend(lent/lent/lending) v. 借给decision n. 决定whole adj. 整个的send
2、 寄，送，派遣，打发 派遣， cause sb to go or sth to be taken without going oneself (send/ sent/sent )1) 加双宾语send sb sth = send sth to sb 把东西寄给某人 eg. Send me a postcard = Send a postcard to me 寄给我一张明信片. eg. I sent my mother a present on Mothers day. 在母亲节那天我寄给妈妈一 份礼物。=I sent a present to my mother on Mothers day.
3、 2) 加单宾语send sth 寄什么东西 send sb 派遣，打发某人 send a letter 寄信send a parcel 寄包裹send the children to bed 打发孩子去睡觉 3）send sb my love = give sb my love 代我向致意eg.Please send your sister my love. =Please send my love to your sister. 请把我的问候带给你的姐姐。 eg.Please say hello to your brother. = Please say hi to your brothe
4、r. (口语)eg. Remember me to your parents. 代我问候你的父母。 (正式的表达) Give my regards to your parents. (更为正式的表达)4）send for sb/send for sth. 派人去请某人派人去叫某物send for a doctor 派人去叫医生 send for a taxi 去叫一辆出租车 区别： take : 强调某人亲自送; eg. take flowers to his wife（自己送） 他亲自送花给自己妻子send 则是通过第三人去送,eg.Send flowers to his wife (叫店里
5、的人送)他叫人送花给自己妻子postcard n. 明信片 card 卡片；贺卡 a Christmas card 圣诞卡a birthday card 生日卡a get-well card 康复卡 an identity card 身份证 a post card 明信片cards 纸牌 a pack of cards 一副纸牌 1） ones best card = ones strongest card 某人最好的一张牌，王牌，绝招 2) give sb his cards 开出，解雇某人（非正式表达） 3） lay ones cards on the table = put ones c
6、ards on the table 摊牌 post n. /v. 邮，寄 post-bag 邮袋 post-box (U.S.: mail box) 邮筒，邮箱 post-code 邮政编码 post office 邮局postman (U.S.: mailman) 邮递员post mark 邮戳 post-free 免付邮资的，邮资已付的 post-paid 邮资已付的 spoil-spoiled-spoiled-spoiling 使索然无味，损坏，破坏，糟蹋 spoil-spoilt-spoilt 英式英语中多用不规则形式： eg. dreamt; spoilt (Br) 美式英语中多用规
7、则形式：eg. dreamed; spoiled (Am)不管英式或美式英语，用过去分词作定语的时候，只用不规则形式。 a spoilt child 一个被惯坏的孩子 spoilt milk 坏了的牛奶 a misspelt word 拼错的字 1) v. 破坏，使没劲 make sth useless, valueless or unsatisfactory; ruin。 eg. Bad weather spoilt our holidays. 坏天气破坏了我们的假期。 eg. The bad news spoilt my day. 这个坏消息让我一天不开心破坏了我一天的心情。eg. Pos
8、tcards always spoil my holidays. 明信片总是破坏我的假期。2） v. 娇惯，宠坏，溺爱 eg. That little girl is terribly spoilther parents give her everything she asks for. 那个小女孩被惯坏了，他的父母亲给她任何她想要的东西。 eg. Spare the rod and spoil the child. (谚) 孩子不打不成器。 eg. Everybody enjoys being spoilt from time to time. 谁都喜欢偶尔被人宠一下。 museum n.
9、博物馆 museum piece 1) 适合博物馆展览的精品 2）老古董（贬） eg. This old radio of yours is a bit of museum piece; it is about time you got a new one. 你这个旧收音机早该进博物馆了，早该换个新的了。 public 1) adj. 公众的,与公众有关的（通常做定语） 反义词 private 都做定语 a public garden 公园public affairs 公事 public education 民众教育 public health 民众健康 public libraries 公共
10、图书馆 the public highway 公路 2） n. 公众，民众 the public 民众，公众 in public=openly 公开的,公然的(反义词：in private 私自的,私下的) eg. She apologized to the public in public for her mistakes. 她公开的向公众对她所犯的错误道歉。 friendly adj. 友好的 friend n. 朋友 1) make friends with sb 和某人交朋友 2) A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难朋友才是真的朋友。 3)
11、close friends 密友 bosom friend 知己 4) boy friend/girl friend 男朋友/女朋友friendly adj. 友好的friendly nations 友邦 a friendly smile 一个友好的微笑 a friendly welcome 友好的欢迎 a friendly manner 友好的态度ly 结尾的形容词： friendly/lonely 孤独的/silly 蠢的/brotherly 兄长般的/lovely 可爱的/deadly 致命的/likely 可能的 (饭店 旅馆，餐厅等) 饭店， waiter (饭店，旅馆，餐厅等)服务
12、员 waitress 女服务员 -ess 女性的象征：actor/actress, prince王子/princess 王妃,公主; tiger/tigress lend (lent-lent-lending) v. 借，借出去 lend sb sth=lend sth to sb 借给某人某物 borrow sth for sb 向某人借某物 eg. Can you lend me 200 Yuan? 你能借给我 200 块钱吗？ Ill pay you back tomorrow. 我明天就还给你。 eg. I lent that CD to John but never got it b
13、ack. 我把cd借给John了，但是再也拿不回了。 lend sb a hand = give sb help 帮谁忙 lend sb an ear (耐心地)倾听 be living on borrowed time 大难不死 lender 出借人，贷方 borrower 借东西的人，借方 decision n. 决定 decide v. 决定 decide to do 决定做某事 make up ones mind to do 下定决心做 eg. I decided to study another foreign language. 我决定再学一门语言。 = I made up my
14、mind to study another foreign language. eg. With so many choices, its hard to decide which to buy. 这么多选择，真不知道该买哪个。 eg. Its difficult to decide between the two. 这两者之间很难选择。 make a decision 做出决定 reach a decision 做出决定come to a decision 做出决定arrive at a decision 做出决定 eg. On the last day of my holiday, I m
15、ade a big decision. 在我假期的最后一天，我做出一个重大决定eg. Anyone who lacks decision shouldnt be a leader. 那些缺乏决定能力的人是不能当领导的。 whole 1) adj. 完全的，整体的，全部的 相当于 entire; complete 作为形容词，作定语来使用。 a whole day 一整天 three whole days 三整天the whole country 全国the whole world 全世界，环球eg. Lets forget the whole affair. 我们忘了这件事情吧。把它彻底忘掉吧
16、。 = Lets forget the whole matter/thing. 2） n. 整个，整体 eg. Four quarters make a whole. 四个四分之一构成一个整体 quarter n. 四分之一，一季度，一刻钟 eg. Cut the apple into quarters. 把苹果切成四瓣。 half n. 一半 eg. Two halves make a whole. 两个一半构成一个整体。 Half of the work is done. 一半工作被完成了。 as a whole 总的来说，整个地 on the whole 基本上，总的来说，一般来讲 eg
17、. On the whole, I agree with your decision. 总的来说，我同意你的观点。 wholesale 批发 wholesaler 批发商 retail 零售 retail dealer/retail trader 零售商 single 1) adj. 唯一的，单一的only one a single letter 唯一的一封信 a single apple hanging from the tree 树上挂着唯一的苹果 a single ticket 单程票 a round ticket /a return ticket 往返票 2) adj. 未婚的，独身的
18、 single men and women 单身男女 married 已婚的 3）adj. 单独一个人使用的a single bed 单人床 a double bed 双人床 a single room 单人间a double room 双人间4) adj. single-parent 单亲 a single-parent family 一个单亲家庭二、关键句型 Key StructuresSimple past 一般过去时 1. 功能： 表示过去某个特定时间或某一段时间之内发生的动作或情况，通常搭配过去的某一段时间。 eg. We visited the school last year.
19、我们去年参观了这个学校。 2.构成形式: 1) 规则变化： v. + ed walked / happened 不规则变化： eatate/gowent/seesaw/comecame 2) bewas /were eg. I wasnt in yesterday. 我昨天不在家。 eg. I went to school by bike when I was young.当我年轻的时候我骑车去上学。 体会动词的过去式 Policeman: Did you see the accident, sir? 先生，你看到那个事故了吗？ Man: Yes, I did The driver of th
20、at car hit that post over there. did. 是的，我看到了。那个司机撞倒那个杆子上去。 hithithit P: What happened? 发生什么事了？M: A dog ran across the road and the driver tried to avoid it. The car suddenly came towards me. It climbed on to the pavement and crashed into that post. 一条狗穿过马路，那位司机企图躲开狗。突然，汽车朝我开过来。它走上人行道，撞倒那根杆子上。 Pavem
21、ent: 人行道 P: What did you do? 你做了什么？ M: I ran across the street after the dog. 我穿过马路去追狗。 P: Why did you do that? Were you afraid of the car? 你为什么这样做呢？ 你怕汽车吗？ M: I wasnt afraid of the car. I was afraid of the driver. The driver got out of the car and began shouting at me. He was very angry with me. Yo
22、u see, it was my dog. 我不怕汽车.我怕那个司机.那个司机下车并对我大喊.你知道,那是我的狗 一般过去时与一般现在时的区别： Her brother was an artist. 他的哥哥是一个艺术家。(Was 表示已去世) Her brother is an artist. 他的哥哥是一个艺术家。(尚健在) Thats all I had to say. 这是我要说的。(话已说完) Thats all I have to say. 这是我要说的。(言之未尽)It was so nice to see you. 我真高兴见到你。(离别时说) It is so nice to
23、 see you. 我真高兴见到你。（见面时说） 一般过去时的练习： My friend, Roy, died (die) last year. He left (leave) me his CD player and his collection of CDs. Roy spent (spend) a lot of money on CDs. He bought (buy) one or two new CDs every week. He never went (go) to the cinema or to the theatre. He stayed (stay) at home ev
24、ery evening and listened (listen) to music. He often lent (lend) CDs to his friends. Sometimes they kept (keep) them. He lost (lose) many CDs in this way. died/ left/ spent/ bought/ went/ stayed/listened/lent/kept/lost.三、课文讲解【Text】Postcards always spoil my holidays. Last summer, I went to Italy. I v
25、isited museums and sat in public gardens.A friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian. Then he lent me a book. I read a few lines, but I did notunderstand a word. Everyday I thought about postcards. My holidays passed quickly, but I did not send cards to my friends. On the last day I made a bi
26、g decision. I got up early and bought thirty-seven cards. I spent the whole day in my room, but I did not write a single card!明信片总搅得我假日不得安宁. 去年夏天, 我去了意大利. 我参观了博物馆, 还去了公园. 一位好客的服务员教了我几句意大利语. 之后还借给我一本书. 我读了几行, 但一个字也不懂. 我每天都想着明信片的事. 假期过得真快, 可我还没有给我的朋友们寄过一张明信片. 到了最后一天, 我作出了一项重大决定.我早早起了床, 买来了37 张明信片. 我在房
27、间里关了整整一天. 然而竟连一张明信片也没写成!Postcards always spoil my holidays. 明信片总搅得我假日不得安宁.always 总是（频度副词）holiday a holiday 一天的假期 holiday 较长的假期 go on holiday 去度假 be on holiday 正在度假holidays 较长的假期，不能指一天的假期vacation1） 法定假日（宗教假日，国家庆典）英美都用holiday2） 每年的例行休假（Br）holiday (U.S.) vacationleave 雇员因某种原因而获准的休假ask for a leave 请假 ta
28、ke French leave（英）/ leave in an English style （法） 不辞而别Last summer, I went to Italy. I visited museums and sat in public gardens.去年夏天, 我去了意大利. 我参观了博物馆, 还去了公园. Italy 意大利 Italian 意大利语；意大利人 （注意发音）public garden 公园A friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian.一位好客的服务员教了我几句意大利语. teach sb. sth. 教给某人某事（
29、双宾语现象）teach myself English 自学英语 teach / give sb. a lesson 教训某人一顿teach sb. to do sth. 教某人去做某事teach fish to swim / teach your grandmother to suck eggs 班门弄斧teach 指某一学科或某种技能的各种教育程度（正式或不正式）educate 知识和智慧全面的培养，通常由学校进行的正规教育coach 非正规的教导，可能为某一学科进行（考试）辅导，或对体育运动的指导 n. 教练train 训练，使在行为，技能或体能上达到要求instruct 教授某人学校科目
30、；传授某人技巧；指导；命令word n.1）词 new words and expressions 生词以及短语2）话，语言eg. I dont believe a word of his story. 他的故事我一个字都不相信。Actions speak louder than words. 行动胜于语言。（Idiom）3） 消息eg. Word came that he had run into trouble. 有消息传来他陷入麻烦了。have a word in sbs ear 和说句悄悄话 have word from sb. 听到，收到的消息have a word with sb. 和说一句话 have words with sb. 和吵架Then he lent me a book. I
