1、英语高考一轮复习语法知识大全时态时态是一种语法范畴，用以表示各种时间和动作方面的动词形式。时间有四个主要部分，即现在、过去、将来和过去将来；动作方面也有四种，即一般、完成、进行和完成进行。四个动作特点，如：1、一般方面：叙述一个事实，时间可以不具体。动态动词一般方面，常表示动作已完成。2、完成方面：表述一个动作已完成。跨两个时间，动作发生在前一个时间而说话人站在后一个时间。3、进行方面：表示动作在一时段中进行。往往有一定的场景，可以生动体现。4、完成进行方面：兼有完成进行两方面的特点。跨两个时间段。下面将具体阐述这十六种时态的各自用法。二、一般现在时1、表经常一般现在时的基本用法：一般现在时常
2、表示经常发生的动作或经常存在的状态。这也是一般现在时的基本用法，一般现在表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态时，常和always、often、usually、sometimes、every day等表示时间的状语连用，但有时可以不表示出来。如：He gets up very late every day.She often goes to school early.He is always like that.Where do you work?Whats your job?He never speaks to strangers.We dont have classes on Sundays.Ge
3、nerally, she is shy.表示人的习惯、能力、职业、特征和现实的情况或状态等。如：He likes to have a work in the park.（表示习惯）She dances very well.（表示能力）Miss Wang teaches English.（表示职业）The flower looks very beautiful.（表示特征）He studies at a teachers college in Anhui province.（表现实的情况）She is angry and sad.（表示现实的状态）表示客观真理、客观事实和客观规律，也用于格言中。
4、如：The earth moves round the sun.Light travels faster than sound.Knowledge is power.Fire burns.Water boils at 100.Spring follows winter.No man but errs.Time and tide wait for no man.A bird in hand is worth two in the bush.表示强硬语气、警告或指点道路。如：You mind your own business.If you do like that, you go to pris
5、on.You work along the street, and turn left at the second corner.在新闻标题、小说章节或电影、戏剧情结介绍或报纸、杂志、书籍，不强调过去时间时，常用一般现在时。如：What does todays paper say?US president holds talks with British Prime Minister.Bank robbery: Robbers take $20,000.2、表现在一般现在时表示现在时刻发生的动作或存在的状态，这一时刻往往即是说话时的时刻，往往是短暂的。如：Now, look, I cut th
6、e cake.What time is it now?My watch says it is eight oclock.表示现在时刻的一般现在时，可以表示作为整体已经完成的动作。动词常用see、hear、learn、forget、read、understand等表示“已知、已忘”等，可用一般现在时代替现在完成时；It be+时间+since结构中也可用一般现在时代替现在完成时。如：I forget (have forget) her address.He learns (has learnt) the news.It is (has been) many years since he died
7、.用于延续性动词或静动词，表示持续的状态、内心活动、各种知觉、爱憎等。如：The contract holds good.The boy lies on the grass.I want a cup of coffee.I wish you happy every day.He hates drinking wine.I love nature.Supper tastes delicious.The material feels soft.What upsets you?I owe nothing to anybody.3、表示将来一般现在时可表示最近的将来，说话人在说话时动作尚未开始，但即将
8、开始。另外，表示最近将来的一般现在时常和why dont you连用，表示请求或劝告。如：Now, I leave.Here give you an example.Im off.Why dont you to have a rest.表示按客观时间表将要发生的动作或事先安排好的动作，这种安排很固定，不易改变，好像变成了事实一般。这种一般现在时多用于转移动词。如：arrive、go、come、leave、start、begin、sail、come、depart、end、open、close、finish、dine等，往往后接时间状语。如：The train arrives at 2:00 p.
9、m.The bus leaves at 8:00 a.m.When do you start?The meeting begins at 8:00 oclock.Is there a film tonight?He retires next year.The plane takes off at 11:00 p.m.对此要注意以下三点：a、 这种一般现在时常与一般将来时连用。如：Tomorrow, my brother goes abroad, I will see him off.He departs next week, you will never see him again.b、 动词
10、suppose、assume、decide、know等后的宾语从句中，一般现在时可表示较近的将来。如：I hope that you stay at my home until the next month.I suppose that our summer holiday begins in the next month.Tomorrow at this time we will know which team wins the football game.They are discussing to decide who chairs the meeting.Assuming it rai
11、ns tomorrow, what should I do?c、 一般现在时和现在进行时都可以表示将来，但两者是有区别的，前者多表示非个人计划，指按时间安排将要发生的事；后者则表示说话人自己打算要干什么。如：I leave according to the arrangement of my company.I am leaving tomorrow.一般现在时可用于从句中表示将来。a、 状语从句中：在由when、if、before、after、as、as soon as、the moment（minute、second）、the next time、whenever、until、till、t
12、hough、even if、in case、unless、so long as、where、wherever等引导的表示时间、条件、让步等状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时，其他状语从句如原因、目的、结果等则不可。如：When I grow up, I will become a doctor.I will sleep until my wife comes back.Next time we meet, we will have a dinner together.If you want to study English well, I will help you.Unless you
13、kick the bad habit, your whole life will be ruined.The moment I arrive, I will send a message to you.Wherever you go, I will accompany you.Whatever you say, I wont believe you.I will do it as you say.b、 定语从句和宾语从句中：这时主句常用一般将来时。如：Ill give you anything you ask for.Anyone who breaks the law will be puni
14、shed.Tomorrow, well know who is elected.Ill make sure that the door is locked.4、表示过去一般现在时可以用来表示不确定放入过去时间，但只限于少数动词。如forget、hear、tell、say等，被称作历史现在时。如：That is long long ago.He is long dead.The film is set in the spring of 1945.He says you asked him to eat the apple.Oh, I forget what he said.一般现在时可以表示死者
15、的动作或状态，如果死者的理论、著作仍旧存在且有一定影响。如：Marx says that a foreign language is a weapon in the struggle of life.Shakespeare is the author of Hamlet.Darwin thinks that natural section is the chief factor in the development of species.三、现在进行时1、表示现在现在进行时的基本用法是现在正在进行的动作，常与now、at present、at the moment、these days等现在时
16、间状语连用，也可不用时间状语。如：Now, the girl is crying.What are you doing now?The telephone is ringing.The sun is rising.表示现阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事。如：He is studying English abroad.John is translating a book.The man is losing weight.现在进行时用于少数瞬间动词，表示反复多次或习惯性动作。常用的这类瞬间动词有jump、knock、kick、hit、nod、tap、wink、drop、shoot等。如：The boy
17、 is jumping with great joy.He is nodding his head.Somebody is knocking at the door.I dont know why she is blinking her eyes.The baby is kicking and screaming.但有些短暂性动词的现在进行时并不表示动作的重复，而表示动作的开始。如：The sun is setting.The sky is clearing.The ambulance is coming.动作动词的进行时与副词always、forever、continually、consta
18、ntly等连用，表示重复的动作，表示赞赏、满意、不满、厌倦等感情。这种用法的现在进行时带有一定的感情色彩。如：He is always helping others.You are always leaving something.Its always raining in this place.The man is constantly changing his mind.He is always boasting.现在进行时常用来描写一种状态，具有感情色彩。如：My head is splitting.I am missing you dreadfully.Peter, I am tell
19、ing you, you should say sorry to her.I am aching all over my body.The situation is killing me.现在进行时可用来表示一种临时或目前的情况。如：Im going to school at 7 oclock this week.Meat is costing more these days.During the summer vacation, we are having dinner at 6 oclock.表示原来设想“将发生而未发生”的情况，有不耐烦、遗憾等含义。如：He is attending t
20、he meeting, but he has an emergency to deal with.My best is always calling me every other week.用来描述、归纳、总结、阐释前面所说的话。如：She keeps silent. She is considering the problem carefully.When I say that, Im thinking of you.I had not any desire to sleep at all. Something is worrying me.表示较为温和的命令。如：You are sleep
21、ing in that room.You are not shouting.表示两个动作进行对比。如：He is studying, while his brother is playing.Some people are smiling while others are crying.表示两个动作是同一动作。如：If you do that, you are doing a foolish thing.People who help others are helping themselves.表示一个被动的动作。如：The dictionary is compiling.The house
22、is building.The document is printing.这种进行时也可用于过去式和将来时中表示被动。如：The building was constructing.Nothing will be doing.现在进行时也可和since（自从）与for（经历）引导的词语连用，表示的动作不仅现在在进行而且继续进行并持续下去。如：He is teaching math since his graduation from college.For fifty years, my family is living in the village.wonder、hope等少数动词进行时，可以
23、表示委婉语气。如：Im wondering if I can use your bike.Im hoping you will help me.2、表示将来现在进行时除表“现在”外，还可以表“将来”。现在进行时表将来时常有“意图”“安排”或“打算”等含义，常表示最近或较近的将来，所用的动词多是转移动词（即一次性动词）。如：go、leave、come、arrive、travel、stay、move、return、meet、dine等。如：Im going.Shes coming.Im leaving this afternoon.Where are you dining?The patient
24、is dying.The sun is setting.We are travelling abroad.表将来的现在进行时，有时含有“决心”的意思，多用于否定句中。如：Im not leaving.Im joining you in the activity.When I grew up, I am becoming a scientist.3、表示过去现在进行时可以表示离现在较近的过去。如：What are you saying?Why are you laughing at me?All that Im telling you is a fact.4、泛指经常 有时现在进行时并不表示具体
25、时间，而是泛指一切时间，表示经常或强调。如：Whenever I enter his office, he is working hard.When children are doing nothing, they are doing mischief.Rivers and lakes are constantly flowing into the sea.5、be的进行时系动词be的进行时加动态形容词表示暂时出现的某种情况和本质。主语通常是人，作为一种修饰手法，多含不满、讽刺等意。常见的这类形容词有：carefully、careless、foolish、nice、slow、clever、se
26、lfish、patient、cruel、attentive、helpful、naughty、friendly、modest、polite、serious、talkative、sensitive、greedy、calm、thoughtful、wrecked、brave、troublesome等。如：You are not being polite.I am being serious.He is being modest.You are being foolish.The boy is being naughty.She is being noisy today.Doctors are bein
27、g patient with patients.You were being stupid.6、表示感觉、精神活动等的状态动词不可用于进行时。有些表示感觉、情绪、感情、精神活动和拥有关系等动词一般不用于进行时态。常见的这类动词有：belong、contain、hold、look、adore、own、have、represent、like、love、dislike、hate、prefer、despise、understand、remember、wonder、cost、want、mind、hope、wish、agree、believe、mean、realize、intend、please、resp
28、ect、forgive、signify、seem、consist、recognize、recall、recollect、appear、forget、expect、know、mind、desire、fear、exist、appreciate、care等。如：He is holding the opposite opinion.（误 is holding改为holds）I am believing what you said.（误 am believing改为believes）但是要注意，上述某些动词在表示无意识的动作时，不能用于进行时态；而表示有意识的动作时，又可以用于进行时态。比如“see”这
29、个动词，作为“看见”解时，是无意识的动作，不能用于进行时态；但作为“接见、访问”时，可以用于进行时态，在谈到“看电影、戏剧”时，也可以用于进行时态。如：Can you see that tower?He is seeing his uncle.The families are seeing the film.He is seeing the doctor now.It weighs 100 kilos.The man is weighing himself on the scale now.The room measures ten miles long and ten miles wide.
30、The constructing workers are measuring the land.The flower smells nice.The dog is smelling the bones.He heard the girl sing.We are hearing the lecture.Food tastes delicious.The boy will always taste dishes before eating.He holds half the share in the company.He is holding a book in arms.另外，某些非延续性动词也
31、不能用于进行时，常见的这类动词有：deny、decide、accept、complete、doubt、admit、allow、refuse、promise、resolve、determine、permit、consent等。如：He is admitting that he has done that.（误 把is admitting改为admits）状态动词用于进行时，可以强调某一具体时间的特殊状态或暂时的心理状态活动，也可表示某种认识、感情、思维的发展过程，有时则表示“刚刚开始”的含义。如：He is understanding the meaning of your words now.The soup is tasting better now.The boy is remembering his father more and more.Im recognizing him little by little.As the time goes on, Im fo
