1、中考定语从句复习中考定语从句【复习】知识点1先行词 【基础定义】 被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。 在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词：关系代词和关系副词。知识点2关系代词关系代词作主语作宾语作定语指人who/thatwhom/that(可省略)whose指物which/thatwhich/that(可省略)whose指人和物thatthat（可省略）whose【重点】1. 关系代词在从句中作主语时，应该注意从句中谓语动词的单复数形式：根据先行词的单复数的形式来确定。即先行词为单数，从句谓语动词为单数; 先行词为复数，则从句谓语动词为复数。例如:H
2、e is the student who was late for school this morning.They are the students who were late for school. 2. 如果关系代词作介词的宾语，并且这个介词在关系代词的前面，即：“介词+ 关系代词”的结构的话，那么这个介词后的关系代词只能是which （指物）whom（指人）。 “介词+ 关系代词”的结构中，其中所选择的介词要根据从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯而确定：主句定语从句on which I spent 5 yuan.This is the book for which I paid 5 yuan.f
3、rom which I learnt a lot.from whom I learnt a lot.She is the teacher to whom I want to talk.with whom I want to communicate. 3. 关系代词的特殊考点：【1. 关系代词只能用that的情况】 （先行词指物只能用that的情况）:(1) 先行词是all, everything, anything, nothing, one, ones, little, few, many, much, some,any, no等不定代词时。如: All that can be done h
4、as been done. 所有能做的已经做了。 (2) 先行词被the only, the very ,the just, the last,等修饰时。如: This is the very book that I am looking for.这正是我要找的那本书。(3) 先行词被序数词修饰时。如: It is the first movie that I I saw with my girlfriend last year. 这是去年我跟我女朋友一起看的第一个电影。(4) 先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如:This is the best film that I have ever see
5、n.这是我所看过的最好的电影。(5) 当先行词被不当代词如, all, any, no，every等修饰的时候，关系代词只能用that。如：I want to read all the books that were written by Lu Xun.(6) 当其中一个关系词用which, 为了避免重复，另一个关系词只能用that。如：He bought a book which could give him knowledge and that could help to kill the time.(7) There be句型中先行词指物时连词只能用that。如：There is a b
6、ook that belongs to Frank on the desk. （不管先行词指人还是指物，关系代词只能用that的情况）:(8) 先行词同时包括人或物时。如：The man and his dog that I always meet are standing by the gate.(9) 关系代词在定语从句中做表语。如：China is no longer the country that it used to be in the past years.She is no longer the girl that she was before.(10) 主句是which或者W
7、ho引导的特殊疑问句时。如: Which is the hotel that you like best?正在演讲的那个人是谁?Who is the boy that helped you?帮你的那个人是谁啊？【2. 先行词指物，关系代词只用which（一般有3种情况）】(1) 当关系代词前有介词时。如：We depend on the land from which we get our food.(2) 当先行词是that/those时连词只能用which而不能用that。如：Whats that which was put in the car?What are those which
8、are standing by the window.(3) 当其中一个关系词用that, 为了避免重复，另一个关系词只能用which。如：Let me show you the novel that I borrow from the library which was newly open to us.【3. 先行词是指人，但是只用who的情况（一般有3种情况）】(1) 当先行词是指人的不定代词时，连词只能用who。如：Anyone who does that must be mad.（2）There be句型中先行词指人时，连词只能用who。如：There is a young man
9、who wants to see you.（3）若有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词是that，另一个须用who。如：The student who was praised at the meeting is the monitor that studies very hard.【4. 只能用whom的情况】关系代词作介词的宾语并且介词在关系代词的前面的时候,关系代词就只能用whom而不能用who。如：She is the girl from whom I can get a lot in our class.知识点3关系副词关系副词用法例句where在从句中充当地点状语，常可用on which
10、, in which, at which等代替。例句：他在自己住的房间里做了所有的研究。1He did all his research in the room 【in which he lived】.2He did all his research in the room 【which he lived in】.3He did all his research in the room 【that he lived in】.4He did all his research in the room 【where he lived】.典型例题：( )1.Thats the hotel in we
11、were staying last summer. A. who B.what C.which D.where ( )2.Thats the hotel we were staying last summer. A. who B.what C.which D.where ( )3.He works in a factory makes TV sets. B. who B.what C.which D.when when在从句中充当地点状语，常用in which，on which， at which等代替。例句：我们不知道英语晚会举行的确切时间。1. We dont know the exact
12、 time 【when the English evening will be held】.2. We dont know the exact time 【on which the English evening will be held】.3. We dont know the exact time 【which the English evening will be held on】.4. We dont know the exact time 【that the English evening will be held on】.典型例题：( )1.I hope youll remembe
13、r the good old days we spent together in in junior high school though its time to say goodbye. C. who B.what C.which D.when ( )2.Ill never forget the day we moved to Beijing.D. who B.what C.which D.when why在从句中充当状语，常可用for which代替。例句：他没有告诉她他那么高兴的原因。He didnt tell her the reason why he was happy.He did
14、nt tell her the reason for which he was happy.He didnt tell her the reason which he was happy for.He didnt tell her the reason that he was happy for.总结：定语从句的解题步骤第一步：找出主句；第二步：找出被修饰的词即先行词；第三步：找出定语从句；第四步：将先行词代入定语从句；第五步：判断关系词在定语从句中充当什么成分，如作主语、宾语、表语，需选择关系代词who, whom, that, which；如作定语，需选择whose。 如作状语，需选择关系
15、副词when, why, where。一、英语阅读理解专项练习试卷1阅读下列短文，从下面每小题的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。C In the old times, there was a king. He had a very beautiful garden. In the garden, there was a tree with golden apples on it. But one day, one of the apples was missing. The king decided to order a person to keep watching the tree
16、at night. The king had three sons. He decided to send the eldest one to watch the tree. But in the middle of the night, the eldest son fell asleep. The next morning, another apple was missing. The second night, the king sent the second eldest son. But the second eldest son also fell asleep at midnig
17、ht. And another apple was missing the next morning. The third night, the king sent his youngest son. The youngest son kept watching the tree. At twelve oclock, he saw a bird. It was a golden bird. It picked an apple and flew away, but it left a golden feather. The youngest son picked it up, and the
18、next morning, he took it to the king. He told his father what he had seen at night. Hearing this, the king was very happy. He ordered his youngest son to guard the tree every night. He wanted him to catch the bird. However, in the end, they couldnt catch the bird and all the golden apples on the tre
19、e were taken away by the golden bird.（1）Before the third night, how many apples have been missing?A.OneB.TwoC.ThreeD.Four（2）What can we know from Paragraph 4?A.It was a bird that stole the apples.B.The youngest son fell asleep at twelve oclock.C.The youngest son tried to catch the golden bird but fa
20、iled.D.The king asked the youngest son to bring the golden feather to him.（3）What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?A.The king was very angry with the bird.B.The youngest son was very busy every night.C.The king wanted his youngest son to catch the bird.D.The youngest son didnt catch the bir
21、d and lost all of the apples.（4）Whats the main idea of the passage?A.Dont be lazy when you are working.B.Where there is a will, there is a way.C.Dont give up the whole forest because of one tree.D.A bad beginning may cause a bad ending.【答案】 （1）C（2）A（3）D（4）C 【解析】【分析】短文大意：国王发现自己的金苹果树丢了个金苹果，于是派出了自己的三个儿
22、子去看守，前两晚因为两个儿子半夜睡着了，两个苹果丢了，第三晚，最小的儿子发现了是一只金鸟偷了一个苹果，但是也留下了一根金色的羽毛，国王获知后，他想抓住这只鸟，但结果是所有的苹果都被鸟儿带走了。（1）细节理解题。第三晚前总共丢失了三个苹果，故选C。（2）细节理解题。从 It was a golden bird. It picked an apple and flew away可知苹果是金色的鸟儿偷走的，故选A。（3）细节理解题。从in the end, they couldnt catch the bird and all the golden apples on the tree were t
23、aken away by the golden bird.可知选D。（4）主旨概括题。国王因为想要金色鸟儿而丢失了树上的所有苹果，得不尝试。故C“不要因为一棵树而放弃整个森林 ”。【点评】考查对篇章的把握和对细节的识别能力，答题时注意紧扣问题中的关键词，在文章中寻找答案。2根据短文内容，判断正误。 Dear Alan, Guess what? I have a chance to choose my new place to live in. I am excited and a little nervous. Could you please give me some help?I am n
24、ot sure whether I will live in a house or in an apartment. On the one hand, a house will be too big for just one person, so maybe I should rent an apartment, On the other hand, if I rent a house, I could find someone else to share with me. The only problem is that a house full of people might be too
25、 noisy for me. I prefer to have my own space. The city has some nice apartments, but they are also too expensive. However, if I could find a two-bedroom apartment and get a roommate, that would make it more affordable. I just need to search for a roommate who is neat and quiet. You know I can not li
26、ve with someone who is loud and messy. I do not have a car, so I also need to think carefully about the location. I probably need to look for somewhere near a bus stop or an underground station. That way I will have more time to study and spend less time travelling. Im looking forward to your reply.
27、Love,Victor（1）Victor feels excited because he can decide where to live. （2）Victor wants to share the house with a(an)neat and quiet person. （3）If Victor finds a roommate, he will waste money. （4）Victor doesnt have a car, so he wants a two-bed-room apartment （5）Victor also needs to think carefully ab
28、out the location. 【答案】 （1）1（2）1（3）0（4）0（5）1 【解析】【分析】主要讲了Victor写信向Alan询问怎样选择新居住地。 （1）细节题。根据I have a chance to choose my new place to live in. I am excited and a little nervous.可知Victor是兴奋的，因为他有机会选择新住址，故选正确。 （2）细节题。根据I just need to search for a roommate who is neat and quiet.可知Victor希望舍友是干净和文静的，故选正确。
29、（3）细节题。根据However, if I could find a two-bedroom apartment and get a roommate, that would make it more affordable. 可知Victor找到舍友后会平分房租，所以不是浪费钱，故选错误。 （4）细节题。根据I do not have a car, so I also need to think carefully about the location.可知Victor没有车，所以也需要仔细考虑位置，而不是想要一个两间卧室的公寓，故选错误。 （5）细节题。根据I do not have a
30、car, so I also need to think carefully about the location.可知Victor没有车，所以也需要仔细考虑位置，故选正确。 【点评】考查阅读理解，主要考查细节题，注意从文中仔细寻找答案。3阅读短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。 As we all know, English is an important subject in middle school. Everyone knows that they must learn English well, but some people dont know how to
31、 learn it well. Here are some suggestions which may help you with your English. The biggest problem is peoples own fear. They worry that they wont say things correctly or that they will look foolish so that they dont speak English at all. Dont be afraid of being laughed at. Only if we arent afraid of making mistakes can we learn Engl
