1、从功能对等理论看汉语歇后语的翻译湖 南 科 技 大 学毕 业 设 计（ 论 文 ）题目作者学院专业学号指导教师二一三 年 月 日On the English Translation of Two-part Allegoric Sayings: From the Perspective of Functional Equivalence Theory A Thesis Submitted to School of Foreign StudiesHunan University of Science and TechnologyIn Partial Fulfillment of The Requi
2、rements forThe Degree of Bachelor of ArtsByXie Xiang-pingUnder the Supervision ofLecturer Fang Xiao-qingJune, 2013湖南科技大学毕业设计（论文）任务书 外国语 学院 应用英语 系（教研室）系（教研室）主任: （签名） 年 月 日学生姓名: 谢湘平 学号: 0912010108 专业: 英语 1 设计（论文）题目及专题： 从功能对等理论看歇后语的英译 2 学生设计（论文）时间：自 2012年 12 月5日开始至 2013年 6月10日止3 设计（论文）所用资源和参考资料：1）Nida,
3、 E. A. 1964. Toward a Science of TranslatingM. Leiden: Brill.2）Nida, E. A. 1984. On TranslationM. Beijing: China Translation&Publishing Corporation.3）Waard, J.D. 1986. From One Language to Another M. Chicago: Thomas Nelson Inc Publishers. 4) 陈军，2009，歇后语的文化内涵与翻译策略J. 温州大学学报（2）：25-27.5) 温端政，1985，歇后语M.
4、北京：商务印书馆.4 设计（论文）应完成的主要内容：歇后语作为一种特殊的文本形式有其独特的特征。而歇后语的翻译至今为止仍然是翻译的一个难题。本论文拟以奈达功能对等理论为依据研究影响歇后语翻译的主要因素，并列出歇后语翻译的相应方法。 5 提交设计（论文）形式（设计说明与图纸或论文等）及要求： 1）要求学生认真、独立完成毕业论文的写作 2）要求按照学校规定的论文格式撰写论文 3）要求及时同指导老师进行沟通，按步骤完成论文的写作和答辩工作。 6 发题时间： 2012年 12 月 10 日指导教师： （签名）学 生： （签名）Acknowledgments There are so many peop
5、le whom I wish to extend my gratitude to during my composition of the thesis and the past four years of study in the university. I would first express my appreciation to Lecturer Fang Xiao-qing, my supervisor, whose guidance and insightful criticism have been greatly helpful in the writing of the th
6、esis. I have been impressed and inspired by her patience and encouragement, without which this present study would not have been what it is. My thanks also go to the School of Foreign Studies, Hunan University of Science and Technology, where I had great opportunities to attend classes and improve m
7、yself in knowledge as well as my character formation. My gratitude will also extend to my classmates and friends who have helped me all along the past four years and who have given my good advice in my study. Last but not least, Id like to express my thanks to my parents. Their love and concern for
8、me gives me endless strength and courage on the way to graduation.AbstractLanguage is the carrier of culture, and the idiom is the essence of language. Moreover, two-part allegoric sayings of idioms are more unique in their expressions. There is no completely corresponding expression in English. The
9、refore, the cultural connotation of two-part allegoric sayings formed communication gap in the translation. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the guiding significance of equivalent translation theory in the translation practice of two-part allegoric sayings, to reveal the cultural characterist
10、ics of two-part allegoric sayings and the cultural differences between English and Chinese language, and to explore the translation methods of two-part allegoric sayings according to Nidas functional equivalence theory.Key Words: Two-part allegoric sayings; Nida; functional equivalence theory中文摘要语言是
11、文化的载体，习语又堪称是语言的精华，而汉语习语中的歇后语更是中国文化独有的表达方式，英语中没有与之完全相对应的表达法。因此，歇后语所传递的文化内涵在汉译英中便形成了交际空白。本文旨在以奈达功能对等理论为理论依据，探讨等效翻译理论在歇后语翻译实践中所具有的指导意义,揭示歇后语的文化特色以及英汉语之间的文化差异，进而探讨歇后语的翻译方法。关键词：歇后语；奈达；功能对等理论ContentsAcknowledgments iAbstract ii中文摘要 iiiIntroduction 1. Introduction to Two-part Allegoric Sayings 2 1.1 Defini
12、tion of Two-part Allegoric Sayings 2 1.2 Types of Two-part Allegoric Sayings 2 1.3 Characteristics of Two-part Allegoric Sayings 3 1.4 Functions of Two-part Allegoric Sayings 3 1.4.1 Communicative Function of Two-part Allegoric Sayings 4 1.4.2 Rhetoric Fuction of Two-part Allegoric Sayings 4 . An Ov
13、erview of Functional Equivalence. 5 2.1 Definition of Functional Equivalence 5 2.2 Levels of Functional Equivalence 6 2.2.1 Lexical Equivalence 6 2.2.2 Syntactic Equivalence 6 2.2.3 Contextual Equivalence and Cultural Equivalence.7. Influential Factor and Methods of Two-part Allegoric Sayings Transl
14、ation 83.1 Influence of Cultural Factor Upon Two-part Allegoric Sayings Translation. 8 3.2 Methods of Two-part Allegoric Sayings Translation.9 3.2.1 Literal Translation .10 3.2.2 Free Translation .11 3.2.3 Combination of Literal and Free Translation.11 3.2.4 Loan Translation.12 3.2.5 Annotation.13 3
15、.2.6 Partial Translation 143.2.7 Use of Allusions 14Conclusion 15Bibliography 16Introduction“Two-part allegorical sayings, whose second parts bear the main semantic weight, exhibits rich semantic and phonological operations, they are not unanalyzed fixed structures memorized by the users; instead, t
16、wo-part allegorical sayings are conceptual in nature, exhibiting multiple semantic operations among metaphor, metonymy, and knowledge frame”(Lakoff & Johnson 2003: 58). As for the study of two-part Allegoric Sayings, although many efforts have been taken to explore it, there are still some different
17、 ideas about its classifications, translation methods and so on. In order to help the target language readers have a better understanding about Chinese two-part allegoric sayings and Chinese culture. It is of great importance to introduce two-part allegoric sayings to foreign countries. So the ultim
18、ate purpose of this paper is to explore the translation methods of two-part allegoric sayings under Nidas functional equivalence theory.Based on the previous researches, this paper tends to analyze the translation of two-part allegoric sayings with Functional Equivalence as a guiding theory. This th
19、esis can be divided into three chapters as follows:Chapter One provides an introduction to two-part allegoric sayings, including its definition, classification, characteristics and functions. Chapter Two makes an overview of Functional Equivalence theory which consists of its definition and levels.
20、Chapter Three starts with the influence of cultural factor upon two-part allegoric sayings translation. Then several methods of two-part allegoric sayings translation have been come up with. Such as Literal translation, free translation, the combination of literal and free translation and so on. . I
21、ntroduction to Two-part Allegoric SayingsTwo-part allegoric sayings is a very special part of Chinese culture, and created by ancient people according to their rich life experiences. It is a kind of special humorous language form and a unique way to express the Chinese national culture. So it is wid
22、ely used in peoples daily life and some traditional works, such as A Dream of Red Mansions. Two-part allegoric sayings has its own characteristics. Firstly, it consists of two parts in its form. Secondly, figures of speech such as simile and pun can be easily found in its content.1.1 Definition of T
23、wo-part Allegoric SayingsTwo-part allegoric sayings has been discussed since 1930s, but its definition still remains controversial in spite of numerous researches and definitions provided by Chinese scholars. Two-part allegoric sayings belongs to the common sayings(idioms), except that it has a part
24、icular structure of a riddle. Two-part allegoric sayings is similar to a phrase for it explains the meaning of a phrase in two parts-the first part can be regarded as a simile or a statement describes a riddle, while the second part, sometimes unstated, carried a message as the answer to the riddle
25、(The Contemporary Chinese Dictionary of Idioms). 1.2 Types of Two-part Allegoric SayingsThe discussions about the classification have not come to an agreement till now. The representative and widely accepted ones are proposed by Ma Guofan and Gao Gedong, Sun Weizhang, and each of them wins many supp
26、orters.Ma Guofan and Gao Gedong said, “Two-part allegoric sayings can be divided into two types: metaphorical ones and homophonic ones according to whether the second part uses homophones or not”(1979:18). The former ones refer to those whose first parts are metaphors and second parts are explanatio
27、ns for the first parts. However, the latter ones are related to those whose second parts use homophones to express a sense of pun. As for the latter one, we can see that it is not all-sided because the second part of two-part allegoric sayings expressing puny sense with a homophone is not always rig
28、ht. On the one hand, for instance, “七十岁戴眼镜老花(话)(a seventy-old person wears glasses presbyopia( an old saying)”(刘淑娟2011:5). While on the other hand, in some other cases, such punny sense can be indicated by using a homograph. For example, “一顿饭能吃三升米肚量大( a person can eat three liters of rice in one mea
29、la big stomach( a broad tolerance)”(刘淑娟2011:6).Sun Weizhang(1989:289-291) divides two-part allegoric sayings into two types metaphorical ones and puny ones. And metaphorical two-part allegoric sayings include explanatory ones, revealing ones and associating ones based on the relationship between two
30、 parts. 1.3 Characteristics of Two-part Allegoric Sayings“Two-part allegoric sayings is ubiquitous, vividly employing the full spectum of traditional Chinese history and imagery, from the lofty to the mundane”(Rohsenow 1991:59). Which, undoubtedly, is full of the colorful Chinese culture. The first
31、part often provides a vivid image and the second part intends to explain the implicit meaning of the first part. For example,猫哭耗子假慈悲(A cat crying over a mouses misfortunesham mercy). It is easy for the readers to imagine a clear picture from the vivid description of the first part, nevertheless, the second part is the truth and explanation to the fi
