1、山东人教版中考英语专题复习导学案名词专题山东人教版中考英语专题复习导学案：名词专题了解名词的含义和分类及用法 名词的概念：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：door, apple, China, air等。名词分为：_名词和_名词两大类。普通名词又分为_名词和_名词两种。考点一：不可数名词1、不可数名词包括物质名词和抽象名词，它们不能直接和表示数字的词或不定冠词连用，也没有_形式。常考的不可数名词有：news（新闻）, information（信息）, 建议_, 天气_, 家庭作业_, 时间_, 钱_, 纸_，音乐_等。2、不可数名词可以借助_来表示一定的数量。但也可以用much（许多）
2、, some/any（一些）, a little(一点点),little (几乎没有) plenty of（很多） , a lot of(=lots of)（许多）等修饰不可数名词。如：一则新闻：a piece of news ; 两瓶水： two bottles of water ; 四条建议_ ; 六张纸_ ；你能借给我一些钱吗？Could you lend me_?【中考真题再现】( ) 1. All the _ are made of _ , not plastics. A. glass; glass B. glasses, glass C. glasses , glasses D.
3、glass, glasses( ) 2. Jenny gave us _ on how to improve English. A. some advices B. many advices C. some advice D. an advice考点二：可数名词单数变为复数的几条规律1、一般直接加-s: 比如：girl-_ map-_2、以-s, -x, -sh, -ch结尾的单词常在词尾加es: 比如：bus_ brush-_3、以辅音字母+y结尾变y为i，再加es: 比如： story-_ baby-_4、以-o结尾的名词变复数常有下列2种变化：【口诀：黑人和英雄正在吃士豆和西红柿。】说明
4、：Negro(黑人)，hero(英雄),potato(土豆)，tomato(西红柿)，这四个名词变复数时，在词尾加-es。其它以o结尾的名词一般加-s,radio_ zoo_ kangaroo_(袋鼠) photo_(照片) kilo_(千克)5、以“f”和“fe”结尾，一般改 f 或fe 为v,再+es【口决：树叶多半自己黄，妻子拿刀去割粮。架后窜出一只狼，就像盗贼逃命忙。】说明：leaf(树叶)，half(半)，self(自己)， wife (妻子)，knife(刀子)，shelf(架子)，wolf(狼)，thief(盗贼)，life(生命) 这九个名词变复数时都要变f或fe为v, 再加-
5、es。比如: leaf_ half _ myself_ wife_ knife_特殊：roof- roofs(屋顶) reef -reefs(暗礁) chiefchiefs(首领)6、【可数名词变复数名词的不规则变化】1)改变单数名词中的元音字母或其它形式。foot_ (脚) tooth-_ (牙齿) goose_ (鹅) woman -_ (女人) man -_ (男人) child -_ (孩子) mouse -_ (老鼠) 与man 和woman构成的合成词，两部分都要变成复数形式。e.g.: woman doctor -women doctors（女医生） man drivermen
6、drivers (男司机)2)巧记某国人单复数常有下列三种变化。Chinese (人)- _ Japanese(日本人) -_ 将man 变为men Englishman-_ Frenchman-_其余全在后面加s German-_ American-_Indian_Canadian-_Australian-_【口诀：中日友好是一致，英法联盟a变e, 余国词尾添s。】【中考真题再现】( ) 1. They are from _ . Theyre _. A. Germany; Germans B. Germans ; Germany C. German; Germany D. Germany;
7、Germen( ) 2. -Could you take _ for these_? - They are very beautiful. A. any photos; tomatoes B. some photos ; tomatoes C. some photos; tomatos D. any photo; tomatoes( ) 3. How many _ are there in the international village? A. Chinese B. Russian C. American D. Germen3)有些名词只有复数形式。_ (人们) _ (裤子) _ (衣服)
8、 _ (长裤) _ (短裤)_ (眼镜) _ (袜子) _ (鞋子) scissors(剪刀)7、有些名词虽然以s结尾却表示单数。如：_ (消息，新闻) _（草） _ (政治) _ (物理) 8、即可做可数名词也可做不可数名词： room“房间”，可数 There are five rooms here. “空间”，不可数 Can you make room for the old woman? chicken“小鸡”，可数 I think chickens can swim. “鸡肉”，不可数 Help yourself to some chicken. orange“橘子”，可数 Ther
9、e are a few oranges on the tree. “橘子汁”，不可数 Would you like another bottle of orange? experience “经历”，可数 It is a wonderful experience to travel to Beijing. “经验”，不可数 He has much experience after working so many years. hair“几根头发”，可数 My mother has some white hairs. “指整个头发”，不可数 Kates hair is long. work“作品
10、”，可数 The works of Luxun(鲁迅)are very popular. “工作”，不可数 I have a lot of work to do today. exercise“练习”，可数 Doing morning exercises is good for your health. “锻炼”，不可数 You must take enough exercise. time“次数”，可数 We have meals three times a day. “时间”，不可数 Lets hurry! Theres little time left. glass“玻璃杯”，可数 Th
11、ere are two glasses of milk on the table. “玻璃”，不可数 Glass can be made into bottles paper“报纸, 试卷”，可数 Please help me hand out the papers “纸张”，不可数 Please give me a piece of paper.01.【2013湖南娄底】29. What can I do for you?Err, I want a glass of milk, some bread and_. A. some chickens B. any chickens C. some
12、 chicken02.Would you like some _? -Yes, please. Im a little thirsty. A. bread B. meat C. beef D. orange03.If you dont take more _, youll get fat. A. medicine B. exercise C. lessons04.Could you move over a little and make some _ for me? -Sure, please. A. place B. seat C. room D. ground05.He had somet
13、hing to write down and asked me for _.A. a paper B. some papers C. some pieces of papers D. a piece of paper06.I have _ to do this evening. A. a lot of works B. many work C. a lot of work D. some works07.Youd better do morning _ every day. Its good to do lots of _.A. exercise, exercise B. exercises,
14、 exercise C. exercise, exercises D. exercises, exercises08.Do you like _? -No. I prefer rose, the color of your dress. A. orange B. oranges C. carrot D. carrots9. 名词做定语 作定语的名词用单数（man和woman除外）1. 1）一棵香蕉树 五棵香蕉树 一位男教师 七位男教师 2）（2010 攀枝花）Its said that more than 100 will attend this meeting in Shanghai.A m
15、an teachers B woman teachers C men teachers D womans teachers2.a shoe shop一家鞋店 a bike factory 一家自行车工厂01.【2014黔西南州】_ the teachers in their school is about 200 and one fourth of them are _ teachers. A. A number of; women B. A number of; woman C. The number of; women D. The number of; woman02.【2013广西贺州
16、】 What kind of porridge would you like, Alice?I would like _.A. egg porridge B. eggs porridge C. fish porridges D. fishes porridge03.There are three _ assistants in that _ shop.A. women, shoe B. woman, shoe C. woman, shoes D. women, shoes04.The music made me think of the _ of a running stream（溪流）. A
17、. shout B. noise C. voice D. sound05.【2014甘肃白银】The boy didnt sleep well last night because of the _ from the factory. A. voice B. noise C. music D. song06.How well she sings! -Yes, she has a very sweet _. A. voice B. sound C. noise D. mouth07.Loud noise may cause hearing _ for a short time or even f
18、or ever. A. results B. questions C. accidents D. problems08.【2013山东泰安】23. The food safety is a serious_ in our country. We should try to solve it. A. subject B. program C. problem D. opinion10“数词+名词单数” “数词+名词单数+形容词”构成复合形容词，做前置定语“数词+名词单数”做前置定语相当于时间名词的所有格形式三天的假期 1 2 六个月的英语课程1 2 “数词+名词+形容词”1 一个8/18/80/
19、11岁的人 2一篇800词的作文 3.一座30米宽的桥 4.一栋40米高的楼房 11.专有名词 专有名词大致五类，人名、地名、时间名、报刊名、单位团体名。比尔.盖茨 海南 一周七天;十二个月 日报 九年级一班 考点三：名词所有格1)名词所有格用来表示名词和名词之间的所属关系。意为：“的”名词所有格有几种形式：名词+s ， 名词s ，名词+of+名词A)表示有生命的东西的名词所有格，一般在名词的词尾加“ s ”，(1)如果词尾不是以s 结尾，要加“ ” 这男孩的母亲 the _ mother 儿童节 _(2)如果词尾是以s 结尾，只加“ ”e.g.: 双胞胎的房间 the _ bedroom 教
20、师节_ (3)表示时间、距离、国家、地点和自然现象等无生命名词的所有格也用“-s”的形式。todays paper 今天的报纸 two hours rest 两个小时的休息 Its about _ from school to her home every day. 每天从学校到她家需要十分钟的走路路程。(4)表示商铺、某人的家、诊所、或餐馆等的名词所有格，其后名词可以省略。e.g.: at my uncles 在我叔叔的家里 at the doctors 在医生的诊所里(5)表示一件东西为多人共有，只需在最后一个人的名字后加s ; 若表示各自所有，则需在每个名字后都加 s ;(6)表示某一事
21、物与一个群体的所属关系，应用表这一群体的名词的复数形式。e.g.: a womens hat-womens hats 女士帽 a childrens doctorchildrens doctors 儿科医生 _ 女子学校 _男子俱乐部 _ 运动会B)表示无生命东西的名词所有格，一般以“of + 名词”的结构来表示。e.g.: (A) 教室的窗户_ (B) _ was broken. 房门坏了。C)双重所有格结构 即s结构和of结构相结合。a, an, some, any, no, another, several, this, these, that, those +名词of +名词性物主代词
22、/+名词的s所有格 比如：我的一个朋友： a friend of mine（a+名词+of+名词性物主代词）布朗太太的一辆车： a car of Mrs. Browns（a+名词+of+名词的s所有格）D）有些名词用to来表示所有格。1)the key to the room 房间的钥匙 2)the answers to the following questions 下面问题的答案3) the way to the school 去学校的路 4）entrance to the theatre 戏院的入口5) a witness to an accident 事故的目击者 6) a ticke
23、t to the match 比赛的票【中考真题再现】( ) 1、The _ was too much for the child to carry. A. boxs steel B. box of a steel C. steel box D. box of the steel ( ) 2、_ are big and bright. A. The classroom window B. The window of the classroom C. The windows of the classroom D. The classrooms windows( )3.（2010 河北）I don
24、t think looking after children is just work.A woman B womans C women D womens1. 中考怎么考？2014荆州 22. Its a wise _ to wear the white tie. It matches your shirt well. A. agreement B. support C. choice D. condition 2014荆州 65.Whats your favorite season?I like best. Its a good time to have a swim in hot weat
25、her. 2013荆州 25. Did your mother do anything special on your birthday?Yes. She made me a cake in the _ of a heart. A. height B. shape C. style D. number2. 中考考什么？3.常见的可数名词：noodles 面条 / vegetables蔬菜/ 常见的不可数名词：面包金钱娱乐建议天气新闻，消息音乐信息家庭作业药物breadmoneyfunadviceweathernewsmusicinformationhomeworkmedicine米饭帮助知识设
26、备家具ricehelpknowledgeequipmentfurniture01.【2014菏泽】My teacher gave me much _ on how to study English well when I had some trouble. A. advice B. question C. suggestion D. problem02.【2014扬州】What a good _youve given me! Thanks a lot. My pleasure. A. information B. news C. suggestion D. advice03.【2014黔西南州
27、】Could you please get me some _? Im hungry. A. apple B. water C. bread D. egg 04.【2014广州】Yesterday for dinner I had a piece of beef, vegetables and _. A. some rice B. a few rice C. a little rices D. a rice05.【2013 甘肃白银】51. Just search the internet, you can get almost all the _ you need. A. informati
28、ons B. information C. picture D. story06.There is good _ for you. Ive found your lost watch. A. news B. ideas C. messages D. thoughts07.Swimming is _ in summer. A. a great fun B. great fun C. great funs D. great a fun08.What do you have for breakfast? -I often have _ or _.A. breads , noodles B. bread, noodles C. breads, noodle D. bread, noodle09.【2013湖北随州】26. Mum, I am hungry. May I have some _?Of course. But dont eat too much.
