1、最新级高一英语短文改错解题技巧高2018级英语短文改错解题技巧 一、综观近几年高考短文改错题，命题形式有： “缺词”为12处； “多词”，一般为12处； “错词”为7-9处； 二、短文改错常见考点设置： 1.考点设置之名词命题特点:本来用复数,却用单数.改正方法:(1)根据名词前的修饰限定成份;(2)根据上下文的逻辑关系. 详解：1). She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me success.（schoolmate改为schoolmates）2). After class we become stranger at once.（str
2、anger改为strangers）3). They want me to devote all my time to my studies so that Ill get marks in all my subject.（subject改为subjects）4). On the way up I was busy taking picture since the scenery was so beautiful.（picture改为pictures）5). There are advantage for students to work while studying at school.（ad
3、vantage改为advantages）6). He had no ideas that the kitchen was not for guests.（ideas改为idea）7). I looked at his other hands. （hands改为hand）2.考点设置之代词命题特点：1.女性代词指代男性或相反；2.单数指代复数；3.代词词性误用。改正方法：联系上下文的逻辑关系。代词的错误特点：1.人称代词的偷换错误 2. 缺少人称代词的错误 3. 人称代词数的一致问题 4. 人称代词格的一致问题详解：1). The Smiths did his best to make me f
4、eel at home. (his改为their)2). I have a good friend whos name is Liu Mei. ( whos改为whose)3). It was about noon when we arrived at the foot of the mountain. The three of them were very excited.（them改为us）4). Soon I began to enjoy talking to myself on paper as I was learning to express me in simple Englis
5、h .（me改为myself）5). One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher .（showed后加it）6). Some students may also save up for our college or future use .（our改为their） 3.考点设置之介词命题特点及改正方法：介词涉及搭配错误，因此可从以下方面确定错误：1）介词的基本用法；2）习惯搭配；3）动词词类确定错误，如talk, serve, wait等。介词短语常常考，固定搭配要记牢。介词后边跟宾语，结合语境细推敲。详解：1). We do
6、 not seem to get much time to talk about together.（去掉about）2). I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow. （去掉at）3). The main problem was in that I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate anything into English.（去掉was后的in）4). Well talk with our plan for the we
7、ekend over dinner.（with改为about）5). I am writing to thank you with your kind help. （with改为for）6). He was looking for a glass the cupboard. （glass后加in）7). Each these lines stands for a trouble in my life. （each后加of）4.考点设置之时态命题特点及改正方法：现在时与过去时的误用，句中一般没有时间状语。每年都考。要注意联系上下文，着眼于整个语篇的时态。通常整篇都是过去，突然一个句子用现在时。其
8、中又以一般现在时和过去时互改为多。详解：1). They did not want me to do any work at home; they want me to devote all my time to my studies so that-（did改为do）2). The time passes quickly. Evening came.（passes改为passed）3). She liked it very much and reads it to the class.（reads改为read）4). I dont know that they dont like to ta
9、lk with me. Sometimes, we talked to each other very well in class.（talked改为talk）5). I will write again and send you the photos we take together.（take改为took）6). We had guests last night who have not stayed in a B&B hotel ago.（have改为had）5.andbutor误用及前后不一致命题特点：主要考查and、or、but、so等并列连词的误用。 改正方法；1）根据句意确定误；
10、 2）根据句子的逻辑关系确定错误。详解：1). She is smiling at me but nodding at me.（but改为and）2). It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest.（and改为or）3). The food was expensive and the service was good.（and改为but）4). I came into the living room and saw one of them just go through the kitchen door but tur
11、n on the light.（but改为and）5). We fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.（visiting改为visited）6). She liked it very much and reads it to the class.（reads改为read）6.考点设置之从句连词命题特点及改正方法：句子结构方面的错误主要涉及句子成份和复合句的关联词等。解答这类题从以下方面来思考：1）句子结构是否完整，成份是否冗缺；2）复合句中连接主句和从句的关系词或引导词的运用是否得当等。详解：1). .It was about noon
12、we arrived at the foot of the mountain.（noon后加when）2). I don t know that they don t like to talk with me.（that改为why）3). The main problem was in that I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate everything into English.（去掉that前的in）4). Earning their own money allows them to spend on anything as
13、if they please.（去掉if）5). They did not want breakfast because that they were going out early in the morning.（去掉that）7.考点设置之冠词命题特点及改正方法：英语中冠词只有三个，只能从以下几个方向出题：1）不定冠词a和an互改；2）不定冠词a或an和定冠词the互改；3）根据需要增删冠词。详解：1). As everyone knows, its famous mountain with all kinds of plants and animals. （famous前加a）2). W
14、e may be one family and live under a same roof, but-（a改为the）3). On Thursday I will have to decide what I want to do over a weekend.（a改为the）4). I hope youve had pleasant journey home （had后加a）8.考点设置之形容词和副词命题特点及改正方法：主要考查形容词和副词的误用、形容词及副词的比较级等。1）根据adj.或adv.的基本用法确定错误；2）修饰连系动词或名词用形容词；3）修饰行为动词、形容词、过去分词及整个句子
15、用副词。详解：1). I would describe myself as shy and quietly.（quietly改为quiet）2). There have been reports in America about people trying to steal person information for bad purposes.（person改为personal）3). Finding information on the Net is easily.（easily改为easy）4). So what I learned from the job was much more
16、important as what I earned.（as改为than）5). My pronunciation was terribly .（terribly改为terrible）6). They came back lately and had some tea.（lately改为late）9.考点设置之非谓语动词命题特点改正方法：1）谓语动词和非谓语动词的错用；2）动词不定式和动名词的错用；3）现在分词和过去分词的错用等。详解：1). Earning their own money allow them to spend on anything as they please.（allo
17、w改为allows）2). My parents will do all they can make sure that I get a good education.（make前加to）3). Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was learning to express myself in simple English.（talk改为talking）4). We fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.（visiting改为visited）5). Some stude
18、nts may also to save up for our college or future use.（去掉to）二、短文改错口诀动词形，名词数，还要注意形和副；非谓语，细辨别，习惯用法要记住；句子成分多分析，逻辑错误须关注；冠词连词常光顾.详解：（一）动词形：主要包括两类错误：动词的时态和语态错误，以及主、谓不一致的错误。动词形常见错误：1） 一般过去时与一般 现在时错用。2）第三人称单数形式错用。 2） and 前后动词时态不一致。(and具有对称性） 4） 主谓不一致。5） 缺少谓语动词（尤其缺be动词） 6） 主动语态与被动语态错用 7）Used to 的运用错误 （二）名词数：
19、指名词单、复数形式的用法错误。常表现为将名词复数写成单数。改正方法：）根据名词前的修饰限定成份）根据上下文的逻辑关系（三）还要注意形和副：注意形容词和副词在句子中的作用和具体用法。这也是高考短文改错题的常考点。命题特点及改正方法：主要考查形容词和副词的误用、形容词及副词的比较级等。根据adj或adv的基本用法确定错误；修饰连系动词或名词用形容词；修饰行为动词、形容词、过去分词及整个句子用副词。（四）非谓语，细辨别：这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有现在分词、过去分词，动名词和不定式错误。1）不定式2）动名词作主语、宾语3）and 连接的不定式或动名词前后一致（尤其距离较远时） 4）现在分词和过
20、去分词的区别等。（五）习惯用法要记住：主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识，其错误表现形式主要有三种：多词、少词和搭配错误。（六）句子成分多分析：不同的句子成分要用不同的词类；不同的语境要选择不同的词语。只有对句子结构和成分作细致的分析，才能找出用词不当的错误。（七）逻辑错误须关注：与句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，属于逻辑性错误，如称谓上的张冠李戴。（八）冠词连词常光顾：常考的错误形式有：连词but， and， or和so的用法错误，以及冠词的用法错误等。三.短文改错小结 做短文改错应采取六个步骤和四不改。六个步骤：（1）通读短文，整体把握短文大意。 （2）细读全文，逐句分析，把握结构，逐一作答
21、。（3）粗略分析词法、句法、逻辑上是否有问题。 （4）逐行修改，先易后难。（5）复读全文，验证答案。 （6）要注意答题是否合乎规范。四不改:标点符号不改。大小写不改。词序错误不改（不是不改，而是按错词或少词来改)。在纲外生词不改。文中出现带汉语注释的词，在句中不可能用错.附：单句改错练习练习一：1. It took Jack two hours climb the mountain . _ 2. The tomatoes I picked are much more redder than yours . _ 3. They have never had the chance to be th
22、ere ago . _ 4. Though he is old , but my grandpa works on the farm . _ 5. You are terrible ill . Youd better stay in bed . _ 6. The nearest village is about one hundred miles far away . _ 7. I dont like going out lonely after dark . _ 8. Im fed up waiting for her letter . _ 9. Birds flew back becaus
23、e the fine environment . _ 10. The students entered into the classroom one by one . _ 练习二：1. His story is more interesting as my sisters . _ 2. Please return my dictionary back soon . _ 3. When he heard the news , he got angrily . _ 4. They have some problems solve . _ 5. Tom was just falling asleep
24、 then the telephone rang . _ 6. Sometimes we take walk by the river . _ 7. Mr More took well care of his car . _ 8. We are going to Hainan the next holiday . _ 9. I dont agree to you , twins . _ 10. Though children are young , they should be listened carefully . _ 练习三：1. The monkeys climbed the tree
25、s quick . _ 2. I dont think he can be on time , can I ? _ 3. Everyone in our class like take-away food . _ 4. The twins didnt feel well , but they didnt come . _ 5. Jacks uncle joined in the army three years ago . _ 6. Could you give me anything to eat ? _ 7. It was too hot last night that I couldnt
26、 sleep well . _ 8. To have a twin brother is little strange . _ 9. There is going to have a dolphin show in the zoo . _ 10. Could you repeat it again , please ? _ 练习四：1. Can you guess how many years I have been to this city ? _ 2. Surfing looks so excited that I want to have a try . _ 3. To make a l
27、ot noise at night is not polite . _ 4. There will have a strong wind to the north of Huai River . _ 5. The number of the students in our school are more than 2,000 . _ 6. The poor man needs a house to live . _ 7. His clothes have washed by his mother . _ 8. He said that he had been in Beijing many y
28、ears . _ 9. Hunan is by the south of Hubei . _ 10. There was fire in the supermarket near our school last night . _ 练习五：1. Though he is a five-year-old boy , but he can play computer very well . _ 2. My brother will phone me as soon as he get there . _ 3. English is most widely spoken language all o
29、ver the world . _ 4. Its very kind for you to help carry the bag . _ 5. Twenty miles are quite a long way to go . _ 6. The Class 2 students are planting trees on both side of the street . _ 7. There is going to have a sports meeting before National Day . _ 8. A horse isnt as bigger as an elephant .
30、_ 9. Its hard for him to do so many homework in one day . _ 10. Edison thought for a while and came up with a idea .练习六：1. Three fifths of the books here is mine. _2. Your clothes should always be kept cleanly and tidy. _3. Tom said he was feeling even worst. _4. Father told me that light travelled faster than sound. _5. In our everyday life we see much moving things. _6. Which floor does your mother live ? _ 7. The heavy snow made him to feel worried about
