1、现在完成时（1）构成：现在完成时由助动词have +过去分词构成，助动词have有人称和数的变化。第三人称单数用has，其余用have.现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词后面加上not、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。以study为例，其否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下：否定式疑问式I have not (havent) studied.Have I studied?You have not (havent) studied.Have you studied?He has not (hasnt) studied.Has he studied?否定疑问式简单回答（肯定/否定）Have I not (H
2、avent I) studied?Yes, you have. No, you havent.Have you not (Havent you) studied?Yes, I have. No, I havent.Has he not (Hasnt he) studied?Yes, he has. No, he hasnt.（2）用法：1）现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。My daughter has just gone out.我女儿刚出去。 Im sure weve met before.我肯定我们以前见过面。She h
3、as arrived.她到了。2）表示持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，如recently, already, just, lately, for, since,yet等。如：I havent heard from her these days.这些日子我没有收到她的信。We havent seen you recently.最近我们没有见到你。They have been away for two years.他们离开已经两年了。 She has been with us since Monday.注意：1）since和for的区别since后接时间点，如1
4、993，last term, yesterday, the time I got therefor后接一段时间，表示“长达多久”，如ten years, a while, two days等。Exercise:用since和for填空1. Jim has been inIreland_ Monday. 2. Jill has been inIreland_ three days.3. His aunt has lived inAustralia_15 days. 4. Mary is in her office. She has been there _ 7 oclock.5.Indiahas
5、 been an independent country _1974.6. The bus is late. Theyve been waiting _ 20 minutes.7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty _ many years.8. Mike has been ill _a long time. He has been in hospital _ October.2）表示短暂意义的动词如arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die等，在完成时当中不能和表示一段时间的状
6、语连用，因为它们表示的动作不可能持续。因此，不能说：He has come here for 2 weeks. The old man has died for 4 months. They have left only for 5 minutes. 以上三句话可以改为：He has been here for 2 weeks.The old man has _ _ for 4 months.They have _ _ only for 5 minutes.3）have (has) been和have (has) gone的区别：表示“曾到过某地”要用“have (has) been”;表示“
7、已经去某地”要用“have (has) gone”。试比较：Where has he been?他刚才到哪里去了？（已经回来了）Where has he gone?他上哪儿去了？（人不在）They have been toCanada.他们到过加拿大。（现在已经不在加拿大）They have gone toCanada.他们到加拿大去了。（可能在路上和已经到加拿大）.4）现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when I came in，但可以和already, yet, some
8、times, always, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever, never等连用。例如：She has already come.她已经来了。I havent read it yet.我还没读过这个。 I have met him before.我从前曾见过他。Ma Hong has always been a good student.马红一直是个好学生。I have often seen him in the street.我经常在街上看见他。They have never been to Yanan.他们从未去过延安。
9、 I havent seen him lately.我近来没看到他。Exercise:I. Fill in the blanks with the proper form.1. I_ already _ (see) the film. I _ (see) it last week. 2. _ he _ (finish) his work today? Not yet.3. My father _ just _ (come) back from work. He is tired now.4. Wheres Li Ming ? He _ (go) to the teachers office.5
10、. I _ (work) here since I _ (move) here in 1999.6. So far I _(make) quite a few friends here.7. How long _ the Wangs _(stay) here ? For two weeks.8. I _ just _ (finish) my homework. 9. He _ (go) to school on foot every day.10._ you _ (find) your science book yet? 11. If it _ (be) fine tomorrow, Ill
11、go with you.12. The students _ (read) English when the teacher came in.13. Look! The monkey _ (climb) the tree. 14. My mother _ (come) to see me next Sunday.15. Ive lost my pen. _ you _ (see) it anywhere?II. Choose the best answer.1. How long have you _ here?A. come B. got C. arrived D. been2. My gr
12、andpa died _.A. at the age of my 2 B. for 2 years C. when I was 2. D. my age was 6.3. Jane has _ toBeiJing. She will come back tomorrow.A. been B. gone C. went D. never been4. It is ten years _ I last saw her.A. after B. since C. for D. that5.-Who will go to the station to meet Lorry? -I will. I _ h
13、er several times.A. met B. have met C. had met D. will meet6. -What a nice dress! How long _ you _ it? -Just 2 weeks.A. will, buy B. did, buy C. are, having D. have, had7.-Do you knowLydiavery well? -Yes, She and I _ friends since we were very young.A. have made B. have become C. have been D. have t
14、urned8. The Smiths _ inChinafor 8 years.A. has lived B. lived C. have been D. live9. -Hello, this is Mr. Green speaking. Can I speak to Mr. Black?- Sorry. He _ theBainiaoPark.A. has been to B. has gone to C. went to D. will go to10. -_ you ever _ to theUS? - Yes, twice.A. Have, gone B. Have, been C,
15、 Do, go D. were, goingIII.Rewrite the sentences.1. I have been toMacaubefore. (改为否定句) I _ _ been to Macau before.2. He hasnt come to schoolbecause he was ill. (就划线部分提问) _ _ he come to school?3. I bough a new bike just now. (用just改写) I _ just _ a new bike.4. We began to learn English three years ago.
16、(改为同义句) We _ _English _three years5. He has never surfed, _ _?（改成反意疑问句）6. They have been heresince 2000. (对划线部分提问) _ _have they been here?7. The old man _ last year. He has _ _for a year. (die)（动词填空）8. Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换) Miss Gao has _ _ _ an hour ago. Ask the questions1) I have been
17、 there for two days._ _ _ you _ _?2) My father has lived here since 2000._ _ _ your father _ _?3) He left hereyesterday._ _ he _ _?4) They bought a booktwo hours ago._ _ they _ a book?.Use “never, ever, already, just, yet, for, since” to fill in the blanks.1. I have _ seen him before, so I have no i
18、dea about him.2. Jack has _ finished his homework.3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school _ ten years.4. “Have you _ seen the film?” “No, I have _ seen it.”5. “Has the bus left _?” “Yes, it has _ left.”现在完成时专项练习一、翻译下列句子：1你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗？_2.我刚刚丢了我的化学书。 _3.我以前从来没去过那个农场。_4.他已经吃过午饭 _5.你已经看过这部电影了吗？_6.我哥哥还没回来。 _
19、7.这本字典我已买了三年了。_8.他离开中国三年了。 _9.我认识他们五年了。 _10.他们已去了美国五年了。 _11.自从他搬到济宁，他就住这儿了。_12.我妹妹成为一个大学生已经三年。 _13.自从1999年以来他们就认识。_14.我来到这个学校已3年多了。_二、用since和for填空1._two years 2._two years ago 3._last month 4._ 19995._yesterday 6._ 4 oclock 7._ 4 hours 8._an hour ago9. _we were children 10._ lunch time11._ she left
20、here12. He has lived inNanjing_ the year before last. 13. Ive known him _ we were children.14. Our teacher has studied Japanese _ three years. 15. She has been away from the city _ about ten years.16. Its about ten years _ she left the city.三、结束性动词转换为以下延续性动词或者表示可以延续的状态的短语。arrive at / in sp / get to
21、/ reach sp / come / go / move to spbe in sp / at school / at home / on the farm / be here / be there1) He got toBeijingfive minutes ago. He _Beijingfor _.2) I moved to theUSAin 2008. I theUSAsince .3) I went home yesterday. I home for .4) They came here last week. They _ here since _.come to / go ba
22、ck to / return tobe back to go outbe out1) He came out two years ago.He _ for _.2) We return toBeijingyesterday.We _ _ toBeijingsince _.becomebe1) I became a teacher in 2000. I _ a teacher for _.2) The river became dirty last year. The river _ _ dirty for _ _.closebe closed openbe open1) The shop cl
23、osed two hours ago. The shop _ _ for _.2) The door opened at six in the morning.The door _ _ _ for six hours.get upbe up；diebe dead；leave sp.be away from sp.fall asleep / get tot sleepbe asleep；finish / endbe over；marrybe married；1) I got up two hours ago.I _ _ _since _.2) He leftShanghaijust now.He
24、 _ _ _Shanghaifor five minutes.3) My grandpa died in 2002.My grandpa _ _ _for _ _.4) The meeting finished at six.The meeting _ _ _ for six hours.5) I got to sleep two hours ago .I _ _ _ since _ _.6) They married in 1990. They _ _ _since _.start / begin to do sth.do sth.；beginbe on1) I began to teach at this school in 1995. I _ _ at this
