1、外文资料:RobotsFirst, I explain the background robots, robot technology development. It should be said it is a common scientific and technological development of a comprehensive results, for the socio-economic development of a significant impact on a science and technology. It attributed the development
2、 of all countries in the Second World War to strengthen the economic input on strengthening the country*s economic development. But they also demand the development of the productive forces the inevitable result of human development itself is the inevitable result then with the development of humani
3、ty, people constantly discuss the natural process, in understanding and reconstructing the natural process, people need to be able to liberate a slave. So this is the slave people to be able to replace the complex and engaged in heavy manual labor, People do not realize right up to the worlds unders
4、tanding and transformation of this technology as well as people in the development process of an objective need.Robots are three stages of development, in other words, we are accustomed to regarding robots are divided into three categories, is a first-generation robots, also known as teach-type robo
5、t, it is through a computer, to control over one of a mechanical degrees of freedom Through teaching and information stored procedures, working hours to read out information, and then issued a directive so the robot can repeat according to the people at that time said the results show this kind of m
6、ovement again, For example, the car spot welding robots, only to put this spot welding process, after teaching, and it is always a repeat of a work It has the external environment is no perception that the force manipulation of the size of the work piece there does not exist, welding OS It does not
7、know, then this fact from the first generation robot, it will exist this shortcoming, it in the 20th century, the late 1970s, people started to study the second-generation robot, called Robot with the feeling that This feeling with the robot is similar in function of a certain feeling, for instance,
8、 force and touch, slipping, visual, hearing and who is analogous to that with all kinds of feelings, say in a robot grasping objects, In fact, it can be the size of feeling out, it can through visual, to be able to feel and identify its shape, size, color Grasping an egg, it adopted a acumen, aware
9、of its power and the size of the slide. Third-generation robots, we were a robotics ideal pursued by the most advanced stage, called intelligent robots, So long as tell it what to do, not how to tell it to do, it will be able to complete the campaign, thinking and perception of this man-machine comm
10、unication function and function Well, this current development or relative is in a smart part of the concept and meaning But the real significance of the integrity of this intelligent robot did not actually exist, but as we continued the development of science and technology the concept of intellige
11、nt increasingly rich, it grows ever wider connotations.Now, I would like to briefly outline some of the industrial robot situation. So for, the industrial robot is the most mature and widely used category of a robot, now the worlds total sales of 1.1 million Taiwan, which is the 1999 statistics, how
12、ever, 1.1 million in Taiwan have been using the equipment is 75 million, this volume is not small. Overall, the Japanese industrial robots in this one, is the first of the robots to become the Kingdom, the United States have developed rapidly. Newly installed in several areas of Taiwan, which alread
13、y exceeds Japan, China has only just begun to enter the stage of industrialization, has developed a variety of industrial robot prototype and small batch has been used in production.Spot welding robot is the auto production line, improve production efficiency and raise the quality of welding car, re
14、duce the labor intensity of a robot. It is characterized by two pairs of robots for spot welding of steel plate, bearing a great need for the welding tongs, general in dozens of kilograms or more, then its speed in meters per second a 5-2 meter of such high-speed movement. So it is generally five to
15、 six degrees of freedom, load 30 to 120 kilograms, the great space, probably expected that the work of a spherical space, a high velocity, the concept of freedom, that is to say, Movement is relatively independent of the number of components, the equivalent of our body, waist is a rotary degree of f
16、reedom We have to be able to hold his arm, Arm can be bent, then this three degrees of freedom, Meanwhile there is a wrist posture adjustment to the use of the three autonomy, the general robot has six degrees of freedom. We will be able to space the three locations, three postures, the robot fully
17、achieved, and of course we have less than six degrees of freedom. Have more than six degrees of freedom robot, in different occasions the need to configure.The second category of service robots, with the development of industrialization, especially in the past decade, Robot development in the areas
18、of application are continuously expanding, and now a very important characteristic, as we all know, Robot has gradually shifted from manufacturing to non-manufacturing and service industries, we are talking about the car manufacturer belonging to the manufacturing industry, However, the services sec
19、tor including cleaning, refueling, rescue, rescue, relief etc. These belong to the non-manufacturing industries and service industries, so here is compared with the industrial robot, it is a very important difference. It is primarily a mobile platform, it can move to sports, there are some arms oper
20、ate, also installed some as a force sensor and visual sensors, ultrasonic ranging sensors, etc. Ifs surrounding environment for the conduct of identification, to determine its campaign to complete some work, this is service robots one of the basic characteristics.For example, domestic robot is mainl
21、y embodied in the example of some of the carpets and flooring it to the regular cleaning and vacuuming. The robot it is very meaningful, it has sensors, it can furniture and people can identify, It automatically according to a law put to the ground under the road all cleaned up. This is also the hom
22、e of some robot performance.The medical robots, nearly five years of relatively rapid development of new application areas. If people in the course of an operation, doctors surgery, is a fatigue, and the other manually operated accuracy is limited. Some universities in Germany, which, facing the spi
23、ne, lumbar disc disease, the identification, can automatically use the robot-aided positioning, operation and surgery Like the United States have been more than 1,000 cases of human eyeball robot surgery the robot, also including remote-controlled approach, the right of such gastrointestinal surgery
24、, we see on the television inside, a manipulator, about the thickness fingers such a manipulator, inserted through the abdominal viscera, people on the screen operating the machines hand, it also used the method of laser lesion laser treatment, this is the case, people would not have a very big dama
25、ge to the human body.In reality, this right as a human liberation is a very good robots, medical robots it is very complex, while it is fully automated to complete all the work, there are difficulties, and generally are people to participate. This is America, the development of such a surgery Lin Ba
26、i an example, through the screen, through a remote control operator to control another manipulator, through the realization of the right abdominal surgery A few years ago our country the exhibition, the United States has been successful in achieving the right to the heart valve surgery and bypass su
27、rgery. This robot has in the area, caused a great sensation, but also, AESOPs surgical robot, In fact, it through some equipment to some of the lesions inspections, through a manipulator can be achieved on some parts of the operation Also including remotely operated manipulator, and many doctors are
28、 able to participate in the robot under surgery Robot doctor to include doctors with pliers, tweezers or a knife to replace the nurses, while lighting automatically to the doctors movements linked, the doctor hands lighting went o氐 This is very good, a doctors assistant.Robot is mankinds right-hand
29、man; friendly coexistence can be a reliable friend. In future, we will see and there will be a robot space inside, as a mutual aide and friend. Robots will create the jobs issue. We believe that there would not be a robot appointment of workers being laid off1 situation, because people with the deve
30、lopment of society, In fact the people from the heavy physical and dangerous environment liberated, so that people have a better position to work, to create a better spiritual wealth and cultural wealth.译文资料:机器人首先我介绍一下机器人产生的背景，机器人技术的发展，它应该说是一个科学技术发展共 同的一个综合性的结果，同时，为社会经济发展产生了一个重大影响的一门科学技术，它的发 展归功于在第二
31、次世界大战中各国加强了经济的投入，就加强了本国的经济的发展。另一方面 它也是生产力发展的需求的必然结果，也是人类自身发展的必然结果，那么随着人类的发展， 人们在不断探讨自然过程中，在认识和改造自然过程中，需要能够解放人的一种奴隶。那么这 种奴隶就是代替人们去能够从事复杂和繁重的体力劳动，实现人们对不可达世界的认识和改造, 这也是人们在科技发展过程中的一个客观需要。机器人有三个发展阶段，那么也就是说，我们习惯于把机器人分成三类，一种是第一代机 器人，那么也叫示教再现型机器人，它是通过一个计算机，来控制一个多自由度的一个机械， 通过示教存储程序和信息，工作时把信息读取出来，然后发出指令，这样的话机
32、器人可以重复 的根据人当时示教的结果，再现出这种动作，比方说汽车的点焊机器人，它只要把这个点焊的 过程示教完以后，它总是重复这样一种工作，它对于外界的环境没有感知，这个力操作力的大 小，这个工件存在不存在，焊的好与坏，它并不知道，那么实际上这种从第一代机器人，也就 存在它这种缺陷，因此，在20世纪70年代后期，人们开始研究第二代机器人，叫带感觉的机 器人，这种带感觉的机器人是类似人在某种功能的感觉，比如说力觉、触觉、滑觉、视觉、听 觉和人进行相类比，有了各种各样的感觉，比方说在机器人抓一个物体的时候，它实际上力的 大小能感觉出来，它能够通过视觉，能够去感受和识别它的形状、大小、颜色。抓一个鸡蛋
33、， 它能通过一个触觉，知道它的力的大小和滑动的情况。第三代机器人，也是我们机器人学中一 个理想的所追求的最高级的阶段，叫智能机器人，那么只要告诉它做什么，不用告诉它怎么去 做，它就能完成运动，感知思维和人机通讯的这种功能和机能，那么这个目前的发展还是相对 的只是在局部有这种智能的概念和含义，但真正完整意义的这种智能机器人实际上并没有存在, 而只是随着我们不断的科学技术的发展，智能的概念越来越丰富，它内涵越来越宽。下边我简单介绍一下工业机器人的一些情况。到目前为止，工业机器人是最成熟，应用最 广泛的一类机器人，世界总量目前已经销售110万台，这是1999年的统计，但这110万台在已 经进行装备使用的是75万台，这个量也是不小的。总体情况看，日本在工业机器人这一块，是 首位的，成为机器人的王国，美国发展也很迅速，目前在
