1、国际贸易unitUnit 6 Quantity of GoodsKey: I.Here given in the following are short forms for some units of measure and weight. Please give the complete form of each:1)吨 2)盎斯 3)磅 4)品脱 5)码 6)加仑 7)令 8)公斤 9)克 10)平方米II. Please fill in the blanks with what you have learnt in this unit.1. If the seller delivers
2、a quantity of goods greater than that provided for in the contract, the buyer may take delivery or refuse to take delivery of the excess quantity.2. Gross weight refers to the net weight plus the tare weight of the goods.3. There are four ways to calculate tare: by actual tare, by average tare, by c
3、ustomary tare, by computed tare.4. If the buyer takes delivery of all or part of the excess quantity, he must pay for it at the contract rate.5. Conditioned Weight refers to the kind of weight derived from the process, with which the moisture content of the commodity is removed and standardized mois
4、ture added both by scientific methods.6. Legal weight is the weight of the goods and the immediate package of the goods.7. A complete more or less term should include three parts: 1) certain proportion; 2) who has the right to decide the more or less term when the goods are delivered; 3) pay attenti
5、on to the calculation of more or less clause. 8. At the time of the conclusion of a contract, the quantity clause should be clearly and definitely stipulated so as not to give rise to disputes.III. Please give the following definitions for the names in English.1. Gross weight is the sum of total wei
6、ght of the commodity itself and the tare (the package weight). Thats to say it refers to the net weight plus the tare weight of the goods. 2.Net weight is the actual weight of commodity without the addition of the tare. In international trade if the goods are sold by weight, the net weight is often
7、used. 3. Actual tare: The actual weight of packages of the whole commodities.4. Average tare: In this way, the weight of packages is calculated on the basis of the average tare of a part of the packages.5. Customary tare: The weight of standardized package has a generally recognizer weight which can
8、 be used to represent the weight of such packages.6. Computed tare: The weight of package is calculated according to the tare previously agreed upon by the seller and the buyer instead of actual weighing.IV. 简答题 1. 答：数量条款规定了买卖双方交货数量及与之有关的权利和义务，他涉及成交数量的确定、计量单位和计量方法的规定及数量机动幅度等内容。为订好数量条款，应依据政策的规定和经营意图，
9、根据需要和可能，按外商资信情况和市场行情变化，正确掌握进出口商品的成交数量，以利于合同的履行。2. 答：（1）大宗农、副产品、矿产品及一部分工业制成品惯于采用按重量计算，一些贵重商品也惯于采用重量单位。 （2）按数量计算适用于大多数工业制成品，尤其是日用消费品、轻工业品、机械产品及一部分土特产品。 （3）按长度计算多用于金属绳索、布匹，绸缎等商品买卖。 （4）面积单位可用于玻璃板、地毯、皮革等商品。 （5）体积单位仅用于木材、天然气及化学气体的买卖。 （6）容积单位中的蒲式耳是美国用来计量各种谷物的，公升和加仑多用于液体商品。 （7）有些国家对某些商品有自己习惯的或法定的计量单位。例如棉花许多
10、国家以包为单位，糖以袋为单位。3. 答：（1）毛重。是商品本身加包装重量。 （2）净重。是商品本身实际重量，不包括皮重。计算皮重时有按实际皮重、平均皮重、习惯皮重、约定皮重计算等四种做法。 （3）公量。有些商品因较强的吸湿性导致重量不稳定，对此类商品可用科学的方法除去其所含实际水分，然后再加上国际公认的标准含水量。即公量干量标准含水量。 （4）理论重量。对按固定规格形状和尺寸所生产和买卖的商品可从其件数推算总重量，此总重量即为理论重量。一般只作为计算实际重量的参考。 （5）法定重量和实物净重。法定重量是商品重量加上直接接触商品的包装物料的重量，而除去这部分重量所表示出来的纯商品重量即为实物净重
11、。此方法大多用于海关征税。V. True or False. For the false statements, please state the specific reasons.1. ( T )2. ( F ). The commonly used systems in the world are the Metric System, the British System and the U.S. System. 目前国际上通用的度量衡制度有米制、英制和美制。 3. ( F ). It is customary to calculate the weight by net weight i
12、f the contract does not stipulate definitely by gross weight or by net weight. 如果合同中没有明确规定是用毛重计量还是用净重计量，按惯例应按净重计量。 4. ( F ). Net weight is the actual weight of commodity without the addition of the tare. 净重即货物自身的实际重量，不包括皮重。 5. ( F ). Conditioned weight is obtained with the moisture content of the co
13、mmodity removed by scientific methods and the standardized moisture added. 公量即用科学方法抽出商品所含的水分，再加标准水分求的的重量。 6. ( F ) The buyer just can refuse the part which is greater than of the contract. 买方仅可以拒绝超出合同的部分。 7. ( F ). The buyer should pay for it. Under the “more or less” clause, the payment for the ove
14、r-load or under-load will be made according to the contract price or at the market price at the time of shipment. 买方需要付款。如签有溢短装条款，在溢短装部分按合同规定的价格计价，或按装船时间的市价计算价格。 8. ( F ). The More or Less Clause in a sales contract allows the seller to deliver as more or as fewer goods as possible within a certain
15、range. 9. ( F ). If without the certain range, The seller may not be paid. 10. ( T ) 11. ( F ). Shipping Marks are to show the capacity and place of origin of the goods in transit. 12. ( T )VI. Case study1Answer: According to Article 11 of CISG: “A contract of sale need not be concluded in, or evide
16、nced by, writing and is not subject to any other requirement as to form. It may be proved by any means, including witnesses.” Though China and the US are both member countries of the CISG, China declared that it wont be bound by Article 11 and its related articles. That is to say, any kind of contra
17、cts in China must be evidencing by writing. In this case, though both companies agreed orally as to the main terms of the sales contract, there is no writing evidencing the contract. This contract, according to Chinese law, is not effective.2Answer: According to Item 2 of Article 21 of CISG: “If a l
18、etter or other writing containing a late acceptance shows that it has been sent in such circumstances that if its transmission had been normal it would have reached the offeror in due time, the late acceptance is effective as an acceptance unless, without delay, the offeror orally informs the offere
19、e that he considers his offer as having lapsed or dispatches a notice to that effect. In this case, in order to avoid unnecessary loss, the Chinese company should telephone or dispatch immediately a notice informing that the acceptance is ineffective as it is late.3. Answer: In international trade,
20、the more or less clause has ample meaning , it means not only the total quantity should be subject to the stipulation, but also the quantity in each type. In this case, though the total quantity has not surpassed the 5%, but the quantity in each type is far away from the stipulation in the contract.
21、 So we consider that the seller has breached the quantity clause. and the importer refuse the goods owing to quantity problems is reasonable.4. Answer:对方的要求是合理的。卖方交货的数量应严格按照信用证的规定执行，且应按商品的净重交货。本案我方用双线新麻袋包装货物，每袋50公斤，但货物扣除皮重后不足500吨，说明我方短量交货，买方有权要求我方退回因短量而多收的货款，因此，对方的要求是合理的。5. Answer:卖方避免对交易货物的品质承担双重担保
22、义务（既凭规格又凭样品）；虽卖方电文中告诉对方货物与样品相似，而不是完全相符，但买方有权保留所赔的权利；买出具品质比样品低7%的证明，虽不符合实情，卖方拿不出留存样品，故要赔偿600英镑。VII. Calculate and answer questionWe import 20 M/T wool from New Zealand. In the S/C, there indicate “20 M/T”. When we receive the wool, we find that the actual regaining rate of water is highly up to 33%.
23、How much do we loss in this transaction? In the S/C, what kind of quantity clause is suitable for us to avoid such un-necessary losses?答： 根据 损失量=20-20(1+11%）/1+33%=3.3M/t因此为了避免损失，应该采用公量计重的方法。Unit 7 Packing and Marking of GoodsKey I. Please state True or False.1.(F) 2.(T) 3.(F) 4.(T) 5.(F) 6.(T) 7.(F
24、) 8.(F) 9.(T) 10.(F)II. Put the following into English:1. consuming taste 2. gift packing3. prettify commodities 4. portable packing5. social customs 6. transparent packing7. creative design 8. suspensible packingIII. Please make the best choice from the four choices marked with A, B, C, and D.1.(D)
25、 2. (D) 3. (A) 4. (B) 5. (B) 6. (B) IV. Please give the definition to the followings in English:1 Transport Packing: Transport packing is also called outer packing or big packing. It is used to prevent the packed goods from any damage, easy to store, pilferage-proof, convenient to load and unload an
26、d discharge.2 Container: The container is a kind of tool used for transportation which can be thought of as a particular shipping packing of the cargo, usually provided by the ship company to go around.3 Sales packing: Sales packing (also called inner packing, small packing or immediate packing ) is
27、 not only adopted as a form of protection to reduce the risks of goods being damaged in transit and prevent pilferage, but mainly with the purpose of promoting sales. It is now universally recognized as a decisive aid in selling household consuming goods.4 Neutral packing: The Neutral packing means
28、that there is neither a name of the origin, nor a name and address of the factory/manufacturer, nor a trade mark, a brand, or even any words on the (outer or inner) packing of the commodity and the commodity itself. The purpose of using neutral packing by exporters is to break down the tariff and no
29、n-tariff barriers of some countries or regions, or meet the special demand of the transaction (such as entrepot). It may also help the manufacturers in exporting countries to increase the competitiveness of their products, expand the exports and market profitably in the importing countries.5 Packing
30、 mark: Packing mark or recognition mark refers to different diagrams, words and figures which are written, printed, or brushed on the outside of the shipping packing in order that it is easy and convenient for goods loading, unloading, store, inspection and discharge.6 Shipping mark: Shipping marks
31、are marks of simple designs, some letters, numbers and simple words on packages, often stenciled, that serve as identification of the consignment to which they belong. It is one of the most important elements which are agreed on by the exporter and the importer in a sales contract.V. 简答题 1. 简述国际贸易中包
32、装的重要性及约定包装条件的意义。答：包装重要性体现在以下几个方面： （1）是实现商品价值和使用价值的重要手段，是商品生产和消费之间的桥梁。 （2）出口商品需经过长距离辗转运输，有时需多次装卸、搬运和存储，包装可保证商品质量和数量完整，方便货物装卸、搬运、储存。 （3）商品生产过程，包装是最后一道工序；在流通领域中，包装具有保护商品、美化商品、宣传商品、提高售价的重要作用，并可作为对外竞争的重要手段。 约定包装条件的意义在于： （1）不仅起到保护和美化商品作用，且包装本身还是货物说明的组成部分。 （2）按一些国家法律解释，如一方违反了所约定的包装条件，另一方有权提出索赔，甚至拒收货物。2. 国际贸易中商品运输包装的要求有哪些？答：（1）必须适应商品特性。 （2）必须适应各种不同运输方式的要求。 （3）必须考虑有关国家的法律规定和客户要求。 （4）要保证包装牢固的前提下节省费用，便于各环节有关人员进行操作以免使货物遭受损失。3. 简述运输包装的分类情况。答：（1）按包装方式，可分为单件运输包装和集合运输包装，后
