1、六级翻译改革后复习资料译文：总结一年来的工作，我们清醒地看到，经济社会发展中还存在不少问题和困难。In reviewing our work of the past year, we clearly see that many problems and difficulties remain in our economic and social development.总结用review，在这里用了现在分词形式，不失为一种简单而又正式的方式。在后半句的翻译中，英文和汉语语序整体大相反，注意“经济社会发展”的表达方式：in economic and social development.必须坚持
2、把人民群众利益放在第一位。We must always put the interests of the people first.这句话翻译起来比较简单，注意“把.放在第一位”put.first。要切实维护人民群众的经济、政治和文化权益，着力解决关系群众切身利益的突出问题，保障城乡困难群众的基本生活。We must truly protect the peoples economic, political and cultural rights and interests, pay particular attention to solving acute problems affectin
3、g their vital interests, and ensure that poor urban and rural residents have the basic necessities of life.翻译整段，必然会有个别长句，这就需要我们把握整体结构，表明大意即可。 这段话是很正式的会议截取，所以咱们翻译时很多词组或者句子结构都是有据可循的。比如这句“着力解决关系群众切身利益的突出问题”，翻译的时候，没有完全按照汉语语序，而是把“关系群众切身利益”翻译为现在分词作后置定语结构 affecting their vital interests。注意固定词组与句式：维护人民群众的经济
4、、政治和文化权益 protect the peoples economic, political and cultural rights and interests着力解决.pay particular attention to solving (记住，pay attention to doing/sth 这个固定结构)不断满足人们日益增长的物质文化需要，是社会主义现代化建设的根本目的。The fundamental goal of our socialist modernization drive is to continually meet the growing material and
5、 cultural needs of the people.这句话翻译出来，也是将汉语语序颠倒后进行的翻译。用了to do不定式做表语。这句话大家可以完全背诵下来。只有执政为民，我们的各项事业才能获得最广泛最可靠的群众基础和力量源泉。Only if we exercise power for the good of the people can we enjoy the broadest and most reliable support from the people and draw from them the strength for accomplishing all our unde
6、rtakings.只有.才.这个结构需要用到英文结构only if。后半句汉语很复杂，所以英语翻译时，用了两个and连接的分句，来更清楚正确地表达汉语的意思。注意固定词组与句式：执政为民 exercise power for the good of the people我们的各项事业 all our undertakings时政要闻翻译词汇与短语1. the implications of social harmony or the characteristics of harmonious society 和谐社会的内涵2. scientific outlook on development
7、 科学发展观3. harmony for all winners; harmonious and win-win scenario; all-win harmony 和谐共赢4. social assistance (aid) system 社会救助体系5. become increasingly prosperous 日益昌盛6. maintain prolonged stability 长治久安7. enhance comprehensive(overall) national strength and international competitiveness 增强综合国力和国际竟争力8
8、. bring about development and prosperity 实现发展繁荣9. cadre and personnel system 干部人事制度10. urban social security system 城镇社会保障体系11. new thinking on energy development 新能源观12. innovation-oriented country 创新型国家13. foster integration with the global economy 促进全球经济一体化14. the Partys policy toward ethnic mino
9、rities 党的民族政策15. Party and government organs 党政机关16. system of public servants 公务员制度17. democratic centralism, inner-Party democracy 民主集中制、党内民主18. the rule of law and the rule of virtue 依法治国和以德治国19. productive force, relation of production 生产力、生产关系20. the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages 利远
10、远大于弊21. complicated social phenomenon 复杂的社会现象22. sense of responsibility/ sense of achievement 责任感 / 成就感23. sense of competition and cooperation 竞争与合作精神24. Take the essence and discard the dregs 取其精髓，取其糟粕25. an irresistible trend of 必然趋势26. unshakable duty 不可推卸的义务27. comprehensive quality 综合素质28. Th
11、e theory on the initial stage of socialism 社会主义初级阶段的理论29. Macroeconomic decision 宏观经济决策30. Microeconomic phenomenon 微观经济现象31. Curb inflation 抑制通货膨胀32. non-profit cultural undertakings 公益性文化事业33. regulation of income distribution 收入分配调节34. a conservation-minded society 资源节约型社会35. supporting measures
12、配套措施36. carry out the process of urbanization 推进城镇化37. Economic recovery 经济复苏38. Diversified economy 多种经济，多样化经济39. Socialist sector of economy 社会主义经济成分40. Transaction of property rights 产权交易41. primary-level organizations 基层组织42. prevention and treatment work 预防救治工作43. land and resources administrat
13、ion 国土资源管理44. post-disaster reconstruction 灾后重建45. rural credit cooperatives 农村信用社46. non-profit cultural undertakings 公益性文化事业47. to call for the establishment of a just and equitable new order 倡导公正、合理的新秩序观48. to ensure social equity and justice 实现社会公平与正义49. Reform of personnel system 人事制度改革50. Spec
14、ial administrative region 特别行政区51. Special economic zones in coastal areas 沿海经济特区52. State-owned economy 国有经济53. Economic sanction 经济制裁54. National economic budget 国民经济预算55. Reform of management of state-owned property 国有资产管理体制改革56.the inevitable result of social development 社会发展的必然结果57.be supported
15、 by sound reasons 有充分的理由支持58.widen ones horizon/broaden ones vision 开阔眼界59. foster new thinking on security featuring mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality and coordination 推动树立以互信、互利、平等和协作为主要内容的新安全观60. One focus, two basic points 一个中心，两个基本点61. Macro control and micro invigoration 宏观控制与微观搞活62.the i
16、ncreasingly fierce social competition 日益激烈的社会竞争63. lack of credibility 诚信缺失64. development for the people, by the people and the benefit of all the people 发展为了人民、发展依靠人民、发展成果由人民共享65. Administrative interference/Administrative intervention 行政干预66. Demand-pull inflation 需求拉动的通货膨胀67. Galloping inflation
17、 恶性通货膨胀68. patriotic sanitation campaign 爱国卫生运动69. system for land expropriation and requisition 土地征收征用制度70. proprietary intellectual property rights 自主知识产权71. optimize the education structure 优化教育结构72. an appropriate amount of fine-tuning 适度微调73. non-government funded education 民办教育74. competence-o
18、riented education 素质教育75. overheated economy 过热的经济76. consumer price index 消费品价格指数77. commodity price index 商品物价指数78. annual checks of the registration of property rights 产权登记年检79. enterprises and enterprises groups 企业集团80. merging of enterprises and promote re-employment 促进再就业81. enlarge the right
19、of self-management 扩大自主权82. relief subsidies 扶贫基金83. reform of rural taxes and administrative charges 农村税费改革84. fight unremittingly against pornographic and illegal publications 坚持不懈地进行扫黄打非斗争85. construction of major transport trunk lines and hubs 重大交通运输干线与枢纽工程86. promote all-round, balanced and sus
20、tainable development of the economy and society 推动经济社会全面、协调、可持续发展87. medical care system and medical assistance system 医疗制度和医疗合作制度88. from another perspective 从另一个角度89. a controversial issue 有争议性的问题90. leadership system against corruption 反腐败领导体制91. legal functions 法定职能92. leapfrog development 跨越式发展
21、93. exercise democratic supervision 实行民主监督94. National Peoples Congress 全国人民代表大会95. Chinese Peoples Political Consultative Conference 中国人民政治协商会议96. bread-and-butter issue 生计问题97. annual state budge 年度国家预算98. encourage diversity 提倡多样化99. improve the quality of legislation 提高立法质量100. disadvantaged gro
22、ups 弱势群体101. gross national product (GNP) 国民生产总值102. per-capita gross domestic product (GDP) 人均国内生产总值103. gather large numbers of talented people 广纳群贤104. rational flow of trained people 人才合理流动105. a system of public hearings 社会听证制度106. cultural restructuring 文化体制改革107. act in compliance with object
23、ive and scientific laws 按照客观规律和科学规律办事108. address both the symptoms and root causes 标本兼治109. participation in and deliberation of state affairs 参政议政110. basic code of conduct 基本行为准则111. system of public servants 公务员制度112. innovation in education 教育创新113. devote greater efforts to tackling root cause
24、s 加大治本的力度114. a new international political and economic order that is fair and rational 公正合理的国际政治经济新秩序115. hold negotiations on peaceful reunification 进行和平统一谈判116. democratic supervision 民主监督翻译技巧之一-词性转换词性转换不仅是重要的译词手段，也是常用的句法转换变通手段，是一种常用的翻译技巧。说白了，就是在必要的时候，将原文中的某个词的词性在译文里用其他词性表达出来。这种转换会使译文更加灵活变通，不必拘泥
25、于原文形式，却能更准确传达出原文内涵。本部分内容主要从汉译英入手。从四个方面加以说明。1)汉语动词的转换汉语动词的使用频率远远高于英语。这是因为按照英语句法，受主谓关系的限制，一个简单句或分句大多只有一个谓语动词。而且，英语还可以通过谓语动词以外各种词性的词来体现动词意义。因此将汉语句子里的动词转换为英语里其他词性的词是翻译中的常用技巧之一。例1 这本书反映了30年代的中国社会。译文:The book is a reflection of Chinese society in the 1930s.(将汉语动词转换为英语名词)例2 他们不满足于现有的成就。译文:They were not con
26、tent with their present achievements.(将汉语动词转换为英语形容词)例3 我想男孩与女孩的思维方式不同。译文:I suppose boys think differently from girls.(将汉语动词转换为英语副词)例4 你赞成还是反对这项计划?译文:Are you for or against the plan?(将汉语动词转化为英语介词)2.汉语名词的转换英语中有很多由名词派生的动词，以及由名词转用的副词，形容词等。在汉译英时，汉语中的名词常常可以产生一些转换，从而更简洁有力地表达原文。例6 钢的含炭量越高，强度和硬度就越大。译文:The mo
27、re carbon the steel contains, the harder and stronger it is.(汉语名词转换为英语形容词表示特征和性质)例7 这就是你不对的地方。译文:This is where you are wrong.(汉语名词转换为英语副词)例8 我的体重比过去轻了。译文:I weigh less than I used to.(汉语名词转换为英语动词)3.汉语形容词的转换在汉译英时，汉语的形容词往往可以译成英语中的名词或副词。这些名词或副词通常具有抽象意义，而且往往由某些形容词派生而来。例9 我们感到，解决这个复杂的问题是困难的。译文:We found di
28、fficulty in solving this complicated problem.(汉语形容词转换为英语名词)例10有时候我们不得不为错误付出昂贵的代价。译文:Sometimes we have to pay dearly for mistakes.(汉语形容词转换为英语副词)4.汉语副词的转换有时出于修辞和句法结构的需要，往往把汉语中的副词用英语其他词性的词来表达，这也是翻译中的一个常用技巧。例11 独立思考对学习是绝对必需的。译文:Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study.(汉语副词转换为英语名词)翻译技巧之二分句
29、法把原文中一个单词或短语译成句子，使原文的一个句子分译成两个或两个以上的句子。或干脆把原文的一个句子拆开，译成两个或两个以上的句子。例1 八月中旬，修理组人员在骄阳下工作。译文: It was in mid-August, and the repair section operated under the blazing sun.(一个单句拆分成了一个并列复合句)例2 他为人单纯而坦率。译文: He was very clean. His mind was open. (一个单句拆分成两个简单句了)例3 The mother might have spoken with understanda
30、ble pride of her child.译文: 母亲谈到她的孩子时，也许有自豪感，这是可以理解的。(形容词被拆开)例4 I wrote four books in the first three years ,a record never touched before.译文: 我头三年写了四本书，打破了以往的记录。(名词短语拆开翻译技巧之三-合句法把原文中两个或以上的简单句，主从复合句或并列复合句等译成一个单句。例5 她已试了好几次，要帮他们另找一所出租的房子，结果并未成功。译文:She had made several attempts to help them find other rental quarters without success.(多个简单句合成一个单句)例6 他们没有遵守交通规则，机器出了故障。译文：His failure to observe the safety regulations resulted in an accident to the machinery.(并列复合句合成一个单句)例7 When we praise the Chinese leadership and the people, we are not merely being polite.译文：我们对中国领导人和中国人民的赞扬不仅仅是出于礼貌。(主从复合句合成一个单句)
