1、现在完成时态讲解及练习在 完 成 时 态 讲一、现在完成时的构成肯定句：主语+have/ has + done过去分词）+其它He has lived in Shen zhe n for 4 years.一般疑问句：Have/ Has +主语+ done过去分词）+其它Has he lived in Shenzhen for 4 years?否定句：主语+have/ has+ not + done过去分词）+其它He has not fini shed his homework.过去分词的构成方法如下：1一般情况下，直接在动词原形后面加 _ed.work-worked answer-an sw
2、ered obey-obeyed want-wan ted2以不发音的-e结尾的动词只加dMove-moved hope-hoped divide-divided3字尾是辅音+y的动词。则将y改i加ed.study-studied tidy-tidied satisfy-satisfied4以重读闭音节结尾的词，这些词的末尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写这个辅音字母，再加 -ed.stop-stopped regret- regretted drop-dropped不规则动词过去式与过去分词分类记忆表、现在完成时标志词:recently; recent years; these days/ year
3、s; lately; since; for+ 时间段； in the past few years; ever since; in the last five months; up to now; since then; so far; ever; never, yet; once; twice; already; before; just already已经）:用于肯定句I have already posted the letter .yet（已经）:用于否定句，疑问句He hasn t done his homework yet.just （刚刚）They have just left.
4、ever（曾 经）Have you ever bee n to Beiji ng ?n ever（从不）I have n ever see n him .before（以 前）Have you see n the film before?si nee（自从以来）I ve worked in the school sin1999.for（长达）He s lived in Shen zhe n for 6 years.in the past several days / weeks/ year在过去的 ）reee ntly（最近）I have not written to my parents r
5、eeently.so far倒目前为止）So far she has lear ned 5 En glish son gs.up to now（到目前为止）this morning/month/year（今天早上 /这个月 /今年）三、现在完成时的用法1）现在完成时表示过去发生的动作，并对现在有影响。常与 already（已经）,yet（已经）,just（冈【J刚）,ever（曾经）等词连用.Already , yet 的用法already:常用于肯定句中.yet: 常用于否定句，疑问句尾.Some one has broke n the wi ndow.窗户现在是坏的）I have alre
6、ady lost the key. （我现在没有钥匙）I haven t read that book .y不了解书的内容）I have just elea ned my han ds.（手是干净的）3）现在完成时表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作或状态，常与 for, since 引导的时间短语或从句连用.since , for 的用法：sinee:（自以来）1） since+寸间点He has stayed here since 5 eloek.2） since+ 时间段 + agoHe has stayed here since 5 hours ago.3） since+ 从句for:（长达
7、） for+时间段He has kept the book for 2 weeks.She has lear ned En glish for 5 years.He has lived in Beiji ng since he was born .Have you stayed here since 3 o clock?四、have/has been to; have/has gone to; have/has been inhave /has been to曾经去过某地，人已经回来了have /has gone to去了某地，人还没回来have /has been in去了某地并一直待在那1
8、.我去过上海。 I have been to Shanghai twice.2.-Where is Jim? -He has gone to En gla nd （尚未回来）3.I have bee n in Shan ghai for three years 我至 U上海已有三年了。1、 现在完成时的完成用法现在完成时的完成用法指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束，但该动作对现在产 生了影响，与现在情况具有因果关系。例如：He has turned off the light.他已把灯关了。（动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况 -灯现在不亮了。）现在完成时完成用法的特点是动作不延续，因此，
9、该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语（女口： already， yet， before， recently 等）、频度时间状语（女口： never， ever， once等）、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语 （女口： this morning / month / year.， today等） 连用。例如：Have you found your pen yet ?你已找到你的钢笔了吗？2、 现在完成时的未完成用法现在完成时的未完成用法指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能 还要继续下去。例如：1.He has lived here si nee 1978/he moved here 自从
10、 1978 年以来，他一直住在这儿。（动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。）2.I have bee n in the army for more tha n 5 years.我 在部队已经呆了五年多了。（动作开始于5年前，一直延续至今，有可能还要继续下去。 ）此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语 （由since或for引导），或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语（女口： up to now， so far到目前为止）等。例如：I have heard nothi ng from him up to now.到目前为止我没有他的任何消息。3.瞬间动词不能和时间段连用，瞬间动词
11、转换成延续性动词：把动作换成状态动作状态动作状态diebe deadbeg inbe onborrow/buykept/hadend/finishbe overleavebe awayjoinbe inarrivebe heremarrybe married例如：1.他的爷爷已经去世 2 年了。 His grandpa has been dead for 2 years.2.Nick 参军 3 年了 . Nick has been in the army for 3 years3. 他离开深圳好长时间了。 He has been away from She nzhe n for a long
12、time.4.这本书我已借了 4 个月了 I have had/kept the book for 4 mon ths.五、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别(1) 一般过去时的谓语动词用过去式，而现在完成时的谓语基本构成是 助动词have /has +过去分词。如: The film started at 7 oclock. He has been a teacher for many years.一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用 。如：yesterday, last week, two years ago, just now, in 2002 等 ； 而现在完成时贝U常与 just, al
13、ready, ever, never 等副词和 these days, this week, since., for./since.ago/ up to now/so far等表示一段时间的状语 连用。(3 )般过去时表示过去 某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作。说话的侧重点 只在于陈述一件过去的事情，不强调对 现在产生的影响。如：He visited Guilin in 1998.他1998年参观过桂林。(只说明去桂林的时间)(4)现在完成时表示 动作发生在过去，对现在造成了影响或产生了结果 。不与确定的过去时间状语连用。如：Jill has bought a new comput
14、er.吉尔买了一台新电脑。 (着重点是现在有了一台新电脑 )看看以下的几组句子，有什么区别？(A) Have you seen the film? (B)Did you see the film?说明你看过这部电影吗？(A)句强调的是被问者对剧情是否了解；(B)句强调的是看这部电影的动作是否发生过，并不强调是否知道其内容。(A) He has lived in Beijing for 8 years. (B) He lived in Beijing for 8 years.说明他在北京住了 8年。(A)句讲的是到目前为止他在北京住了 8年，可能还会继续在北京住下去。(B)句讲的是他在北京住过8
15、年，现在不在北京了。一、抄写动词以及过去式和过去分词。1.be -e - 3.go - 4.do -5.have -6.drink -7.give - 8.eat - 9.know - 10.run - 11.say - 12.see -13.find - 14.15.get - 16.hear -_17.begin -_18.buy - 19.leave -_20become 21break -_22bring -_23build -_24bite - 25catch -_26choose -27cut - 28fall - draw - 34keep - 二、用 for 或 since 填
16、空1.Mr. Brown has had his TV 15 years.2.I ve taken driving lessons last month.3.My sister has had her cell phone a month .4.My friends haven t visited me my birthday.5.We havent used our car a long time .6.She hasnt had a good cup of cof fee years.7.Tom has worn glasses he was 7 years old.8.Jill has
17、been in Ireland Monday.9.Mr. Jason has been in Paris three days.10.My aunt has lived in Australia 15days.11.Margaret is in her office. S he has been there 7 o clock.12.India has been an independent country 1974.13.Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty many years.14.Mike has been ill a l
18、ong time. He has been in hospital October.三、改写句子，使原句的意思不变，每空一词。1.The English professor arrived here about a week agoThe English professor here for about a week .2.Her husband started to work on the farm three hours ago .Her husband on the farm for three hours .3.The French musician came to China las
19、t month , and he is still here .The French musician China for a month .4.He joined the army in 1985 .He the army 1985 .5.He joined the League half a year ago .He has been a League half a year .6.The bus left five minutes ago .The bus already for five minutes .7.The girl bought a new school bag in Se
20、ptember .The girl the school bag since September .8.The shop closed last winter .The shop since last winter .9.The film began ten minutes ago .The film for ten minutes .10.The dog died two days ago .The dog for two days .11.The meeting ended last month .The meeting for a month .四、用 have/has been to,
21、 have/has gone to 填空：1. Where is your brother? He the shop. He ll be back soon.2. you ever to America? Yes, I New York twice.3.Here you are at last! Where you ? I London.4. David Australia. Im sure he s already arrived.5. Is Benny here? No, he the school library. He left five minutesago.五、用所给动词的适当形式
22、填空1.I (wait) for him for two hours . I am very angry.2.He (be) a doctor since he was twenty.3.The film (be) on for fifteen minutes.4. you ever (read) that book before?5. you ever (try) to change her?6.No one (arrive) here yet.7. the bus (leave) yet?8.I (not talk) to him yet.9.I already (make) the be
23、d.10.They just (go). They will be back soon.11.When you (meet) him ? Last night or this morning?12.She (not come) here recently .13.She (never see) the man before .14.I (meet) him before, but I forget his name.15.It is eleven o clock . He (not come) back yet.16.He (write) five stories so far .17.She
24、 (be) a teacher for ten years , she likes her job very much.18. she (call) on you lately ?选择题1、Bothhis parentslook sadMaybethey _ whatshappened tohim .A.knewB. have knownC. mustknowD. will know2、Hehas _ been toShanghai , hashe ?A.alreadyB.neverC.everD. still3、 Have youmet Mr Li ？A.justB. agoC.before
25、D.a moment ago4、The famous writer one new book in the past two year .A. is writing B. was writing C. wrote D. has written5、 Our country a lot so far .Yes . I hope it will be even .A.has changed ; wellC. has changed ; better6、Zhao Lan already A. was ; studying studied7、We Xiao Li sinceA. know have kn
26、own D.8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_11、His father A. joined_ theParty since 1978 .B. has joinedC. wasinD.hasbeen in12、 Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago .A. wereB. have beenC. havebecome D. have made13、 How long have you here ?About two months .A.beenB. goneC.come
27、D.arrived14、Hurryup! Theplay _ forten minutes .A.hasbegunB.hadbegunC.hasbeen onD.began15、It tenyearssinceheleftthearmyA.isB. hasC.willD.was16、MissGreenisntintheofficeshe to the library .20、 His uncle for more tha n 9 years.A. hasherehas started to workleft the uni versity21. you the text yet ? Yes,
28、we it two hours ago.A. Did copydid B. Have copied haveC.Have copied did D. Did copyhad22.You me wait ing for two hours. I for you since five.A. kept waited B. have kept waitedC. kept have waited D. have kept -have waited23.you ever America ? Yes, I have.A. Have gone to B. Have gone in C. Have been t
29、o D. Have been in24.My brother college for over three years.D. has bee n atD. did ; seenA. has gone to B. has bee n to C. has bee n in25.-I have seen the film “ Titanic ” already.-Whe n you i?-The day before yesterday.A. have； seen B. will ； see C. did ； see26.Mr Black in China since five years ago.A. lived B. has lived C. lives D. is going to live
