1、华北科技学院毕业设计（论文）目 录设计总说明IIntroductionIII1 绪论11.1 课题研究现状11.2 选题意义与目的21.3 课题研究的要求及内容21.4 本论文的组织结构32 总体方案论证52.1 总体方案分析52.2 智能抢答器模块化设计73 硬件设计93.1核心控制模块93.1.1单片机的选型93.1.2 AT89C51单片机的介绍123.1.3 AT89C51特殊功能寄存器143.2时钟与复位模块153.2.1时钟模块153.2.2复位模块163.3显示模块的设计183.4按键输入模块的设计213.4.1键盘的分类213.4.2键盘的去抖动223.4.3双功能及多功能键2
2、33.5报警模块的设计243.6电源模块的设计263.6.1 变压器263.6.2 整流桥263.6.3 滤波器273.6.4 电源稳压芯片284 软件设计模块304.1单片机编程语言304.2系统程序设计334.3主程序344.4 非法抢答查询子程序384.5 抢答时间调整子程序394.6 正确抢答处理程序414.7 显示处理程序434.8 报警程序435 结论45参考文献47附录A：八路智能抢答器程序清单48附录B 八路智能抢答器原理图58附录C 软件程序流程图59致谢60I华北科技学院毕业设计（论文）设计总说明智能抢答器作为一种电子产品已广泛应用于各种智力和知识竞赛场合。但目前所使用的抢
3、答器有的电路较复杂，不便于制作，而且可靠性低，实现起来很困难；有的则用一些专用的集成芯片，而专用集成芯片的购买又很困难。为适应多选手抢答活动的需要而设计一个智能抢答器，这种抢答器具有电路简单，元件普通，易于购买等优点，很好地解决了制作者制作困难和难于购买的问题。本系统就是采用AT89C51单片机为核心而设计的八路智能抢答器。根据抢答器的功能，智能抢答器的设计要求如下：抢答器可以同时供8名选手或8个代表队比赛使用；主持人可以通过智能抢答器的按键设定每道题的抢答时间和回答时间;具有清零和非法抢答控制功能，设置一个系统清除和抢答控制开关，并由主持人操控；当主持人启动“开始抢答按键”后，定时器进行减计
4、时，抢答时间耗尽后禁止抢答；倒计时5秒时，如果仍无人抢答，则系统每1s报警一次，用以提示参赛选手；抢答器具有锁存与显示功能。即选手按下按键，锁存相应选手的参赛编号，并在LED数码管上显示，选手抢答实行优先锁存，其他按键者将不能响应，以便公平地选择第一个抢答者；参赛选手在设定的时间内进行抢答，抢答有效，显示器上显示选手的编号，同时进入回答问题的时间倒计时；倒计时期间，主持人想终止倒计时，可以按下“停止”键，系统会自动进入准备状态。本系统采用软硬件结合的方法而设计，其中硬件设计是借用单片机AT89C51为中心控制模块，采用模块化设计思想，根据系统功能划分成六个模块，分别为：核心控制模块、电源模块、
5、时钟与复位模块、按键输入模块、显示模块、报警模块。软件设计是采用汇编语言编程。按键输入模块共有14个按键，分为抢答按键和控制按键。抢答按键共有八个，分别为S1S8，供抢答选手进行抢答使用；控制按键有六个，分别为S9S14， 其中S9和S10分别为“抢答时间调整键”和“回答时间调整键”；S11和S12分别为时间“加1”和“减1”按键；S13和S14分别为“抢答开始按键”和“停止按键”。显示模块本系统采用四个共阳极LED数码管显示，一个数码管用来显示抢答到问题的选手的号码，两个用来显示倒计时时间，一个未使用的数码管作为以后的扩展使用。时钟与复位模块包括时钟电路和复位电路，单片机的时钟信号用来提供单
6、片机片内各种操作的时间基准，复位操作则使单片机的片内电路初始化，使单片机从一种确定的初态开始运行。报警模块在本系统中为附加模块，它的主要用途就是起到提示并引起人们的注意。电源模块是为了增强本系统应用的广泛性而设计的模块，它的主要任务是将交流220V电压转换为系统中可以直接使用的稳定的直流+5V。本设计限定抢答人数为八人，抢答过程如下：当主持人按“抢答开始按键”后，数码显示屏显示抢答时间倒计时，并在最后五秒启动报警电路提示，在抢答时间过程中八名选手进行抢答，抢答成功后，显示模块显示选手号和回答问题时间。回答完问题后，主持人可按“停止按键”结束，新一轮抢答开始。如果在主持人没有按下“抢答开始按键”
7、而选手就抢答，则视为犯规，显示模块显示“FF”并显示选手号码，而且报警电路进行提示。主持人按“停止按键”后，新一轮抢答开始。显示模块在初始显示、超过规定抢答时间仍无人抢答和答题超过规定时间后显示“FFF”。抢答时间和回答问题的时间可以设定，设定范围为1-99s，原始状态下抢答时间为10s，回答问题时间为30s。后台主持人可以通过“抢答时间调整键”、“回答时间调整键”和时间“加1”、“减1”按键修改抢答时间和选手回答问题的时间时间，改完后“停止按键”确定，新时间开始有效。在抢答器设计过程中，首先完成总体方案的论证制定，然后分析系统的工作原理，在此基础上设计出各部分单元电路原理图，进一步完成对系统
8、电路的设计。在对系统工作原理充分研究的基础上，选择合适的元件型号和参数，再用protel绘图软件画出电路原理图，最后根据电路接口编写软件程序。关键字：抢答器；单片机；AT89C51；模块；按键IntroductionThe intelligent vies to answer first as a kind of electronic products have been widely applied in all kinds of intelligence and knowledge competition situation. But using the current is some c
9、omplicated circuit vies to answer first, do not facilitate production, and reliability, low difficult to achieve; Others use some special integrated chips, and the purchase of the special integrated chips and very difficult. In order to adapt to the needs of the many players vies to answer first act
10、ivities and design a intelligent vies to answer first device, this vies to answer first instruments have circuit is simple, components, easy to buy ordinary etc, and solves the difficult and hard to buy makers make the problem. This system is AT89C51 microcontroller as the core and the design of the
11、 intelligent vies to answer first 8. According to the function, intelligent vies to answer first the vies to answer first the design requirements of the following: vies to answer first is also for 8 contestants or 8 teams game; host can through the intelligence is set button vies to answer first eac
12、h question time and answer the vies to answer first time; have reset and illegal vies to answer first control function, set up a system to eliminate and vies to answer first, and by a host control switch control; when the host to start start button, the timer vies to answerl first to reduces the tim
13、e, vies to answer first time after running prohibit contest; countdown 5 seconds, if still no contest, then system every 1 sl alarm once, to tip competitors; vies to answer first instruments have lock to save and displayl function. Thats according to the button, lock to save the corresponding player
14、 of the entries, and the Numbers LED digital display, on the player vies to answer first shall give priority lock to save, the other key cannot respond to fair to choose the first vies to answer first; contestants in the set period of time vies to answer first, viesl to answer first effectively, on
15、the monitor demonstrated contestants Numbers, and at the same time into the answer problem of the time countdown; during the countdown, the host would like to stop the countdown,can press the stop button, the system will automatically enter the state.The system USES the software and hardware of the
16、method of combining and design, including hardware design are borrowed from the single-chip microcomputer AT89C51 as the center control module, the modular design division, with six module, respectively is: the core control module, the power modules, clock and reset module, key input module, display
17、 module, alarm module. The software design is the common assembly language programming. Key input module in 14 key, divided into vies to answer first keys and control buttons. Vies to answer first key there were eight, respectively, for vies to answer first S8 S1-players use vies to answer first; Co
18、ntrol key has six, respectively, among them-S14 S9 S9 and S10 are vies to answer first time to adjust key and answer time to adjust keys; S11 and S12 respectively for time add 1 and minus 1 button; S13 and S14 are vies to answer first start button and stop button. Display module the system USES four
19、 were LED digital display, anode tube a digital works to display the player to vies to answer first, number two used to display the countdown, a time of unused digital tube as the expansion of the later use. The clock and reset clock circuit module includes and reset circuit, microcontroller the clo
20、ck signal used to provide all kinds of operation of single chip in the benchmark, reset operation time is of circuit chip in to make SCM initialize, from a certain initial state began to run. Alarm module in the system for additional module, its main use is a tip and draw peoples attention. Power su
21、pply module is raised to the system design and extensive application of the module, it is the main task of the 220 V ac voltage conversion for dc system can directly use of the stability of the dc + 5 V. This design limited the number of eight, vies to answer first vies to answer first process is as
22、 follows: when the host to press the start button vies to answer first, digital display shows vies to answer first time countdown, and in the last five second start alarm circuit hint, in vies to answer first time eight players in the process vies to answer first, after the success display module, v
23、ies to answer first demonstrated contestant number and answer the question time. To answer the question, can press the stop button host, a new round of vies to answer first began to end. If the host did not press the start button and contestant vies to answer first vies to answer first, it shall be
24、regarded as the foul, display module shows FF and demonstrated contestant number, and alarm circuit hints. According to stop button host, a new round of vies to answer first began after. Display module in the initial display, exceed the prescribed vies to answer first time still no contest and the a
25、nswer in excess of the prescribed time shows FFF. Vies to answer first time and answer problem of time can set, set a range of 1-99 s, original state vies to answer first time for 10 s and answer the question time for 30 s. Backstage host can vies to answer first time to adjust key, answer time to a
26、djust key and time add 1 , minus 1 button modify vies to answer first time and player answer problem of time after time, change stop button certain that the new time to start the effective. In the design process, vies to answer first do first overall scheme, and then analyses the argument for the wo
27、rking principle of the system, and based on this, the design of unit of the circuit principle diagram, further to the design of the system to complete the circuit. In the working principle of the system based on the study of the fully, and choose appropriate component model and parameter, garnish wi
28、th protel drawing software draw circuit principle diagram, according to write software interface circuit program. Keyword: vies to answer first; microcomputer; AT89C51;module; button第V页 共页华北科技学院毕业设计（论文）1 绪论当今的社会竞争日益激烈，选拔人才，评选优胜，知识竞赛之类的活动愈加频繁，比赛中为了准确、公正、直观地判断出第一抢答者，这就要有一种抢答设备作为裁判员，于是抢答器应用而生。抢答器是一种应用非
29、常广泛的设备，在各种竞赛、抢答场合中，它能迅速、客观地分辨出最先获得发言权的选手，无论是军队还是电视节目中,都可能会举办各种各样的智力竞赛,都会用到抢答器。如果要是让抢答者用举手等方法，主持人很容易误判，会造成抢答的不公平，比赛中为了准确、公正、直观地判断出第一抢答者，所设计的抢答器通常由数码显示、灯光、音响等多种手段指示出第一抢答者。为了使这种不公平不发生，只有靠电子产品的高准确性来保障抢答的公平性。早期的抢答器只由几个三极管、可控硅、发光管等组成，能通过发光管的指示辩认出选手号码。现在大多数抢答器均使用单片机(如MCS-51型)和数字集成电路，并增加了许多新功能，如选手号码显示、抢按前或抢
30、按后的计时、选手得分显示等功能。1.1 课题研究现状随着我国抢答器市场的迅猛发展，与之相关的核心生产技术应用与研发必将成为业内企业关注的焦点。技术工艺，是衡量一个企业是否具有先进性，是否具备市场竞争力，是否能不断领先于竞争者的重要指标依据。了解国内外抢答器生产核心技术的研发动向、工艺设备、技术应用及趋势对于企业提升产品技术规格，提高市场竞争力十分关键。目前市场上抢答器种类繁多，功能各异，价格差异也很大。那么选择一款真正适合的抢答器就非常重要。抢答器一般分为电子抢答器和电脑抢答器。目前电子抢答器的中心构造一般都是由数字电子集成电路组成，其搭配的配件不同又分为，非语音非记分抢答器和语音记分抢答器。
31、非语音记分抢答器构造很简单，就是一个抢答器的主机和一个抢答按钮组成，在抢答过程中选手是没有记分的显示屏。语音记分抢答器是由一个抢答器的主机、主机的显示屏以及选手的记分显示屏等构成，具有记分等功能。电子抢答器多适用于学校和企事业单位举行的简单的抢答活动。电脑抢答器又分为无线电脑抢答器和有线电脑抢答器。无线电脑抢答器是由主机和抢答器专用的软件和无线按钮构成。无线电脑抢答器利用电脑和投影仪，可以把抢答气氛活跃起来，一般多使用于电台等大型的活动。有线电脑抢答器也是由主机和电脑配合起来，电脑再和投影仪配合起来，利用专门研发的配套的抢答器软件，可以十分完美的表现抢答的气氛。抢答器作为一种电子产品，早已广泛
32、应用于各种智力和知识竞赛场合，但目前所使用的抢答器有很多的缺点，有的电路较复杂不便于制作,可靠性低，实现起来很困难；有的则用一些专用的集成块 ,而专用集成块的购买又很困难。而我所设计的八路智能抢答器，具有元件普通 ,易于购买等优点,很好地解决了制作困难和难于购买的问题。在国内外已经开始普遍应用。1.2 选题意义与目的在知识比赛中，特别是做抢答题目的时候，在抢答过程中，为了知道哪一组或哪一位选手先答题，必须要设计一个系统来完成这个任务。如果在抢答中，靠视觉是很难判断出哪组先答题。怎样来设计抢答器，能使以上问题得以解决？即使两组的抢答时间相差几微秒，也可分辨出哪组优先答题？通过研究并在设计验证后发现，采用单片机技术设计的抢答器与传统的抢答器相比，首先，电路连接简单，因为大多数功能单元都通过程序设计在单片机内部。第二，工作性能可靠，抗干扰能力优于传统抢答器，并能够解决以上提出的问题。所以本研究是一个实用的工程设计，具有创新性。通过本次设计，基本掌握51系列单片机的原理，了解简单多功能抢答器组成部
