1、2015考研英语（二）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text。Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and markA，B，C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1(10 points)In our contemporary culture，the prospect of communicating with-or even looking ata stranger is virtually unbearable Everyone around us
2、 seems to agree by the way they fiddle with their phones，even without a 1 undergroundIts a sad realityour desire to avoid interacting with other human beingsbecause theres 2 to be gained from talking to the strange r standing by you. But you wouldnt know it， 3 into your phone. This universal armor s
3、ends the 4 ：“Please dont approach me.”What is it that makes us feel we need to hide 5 our screens?One answer is fear, according to Jon Wortmann, executive mental coach We fear rejection，or that our innocent social advances will be 6 as“creep,”We fear weII be 7 We fear weII be disruptive Strangers ar
4、e inherently 8 to us，so we are more likely to feel 9 when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances To avoid this anxiety, we 10 to our phones.“Phones become our security blanket，“Wortmann says.”They are our happyglasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be
5、more 11 .”But once we rip off the bandaid，tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up，it doesnt 12 so bad. In one 2011 experiment，behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable: Start a 13 . They had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow 1
6、4 . When Dr.Epley and Ms. Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to 15 how they would feel after talking to a stranger, the commuters thought their 16 would be more pleasant if they sat on their own, the New York Times summarizes. Though the participants didnt expect a positive exper
7、ience, after they 17 withthe experiment, not a single person reported having been snubbed.” 18 , these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those sans communication, which makes absolute sense, 19 human beings thrive off of social connections. Its that 20 : Talking to strangers can
8、make you feel connected.1. A ticketB permitCsignallD record2. A nothingB link Canother D much3. A beatenB guided Cplugged D brought4. A messageB cede CnoticeD sign5. A underB beyond C behindD from6. A misinterpreteB misapplied C misadjusted D mismatched7. A fired B judged C replaced D delayed8. A un
9、reasonableB ungreatful C unconventional D unfamiliar9. A comfortable B anxious C confident D angry10. A attend B pointC takeD turn11. A dangerousB mysterious C violentD boring12. A hurtB resisC bend D decay13. A lectureB conversation C debate D negotiation14. A traineesB employees C researchers D pa
10、ssengers15. A revealB choose C predictl D design16. A voyage B flightC walkD ride17. A went throughB did away C caught up D put up18. A In turnB In particular CIn fact D In consequence19. A unlessB sinceC ifD whereas20. A funny B simpleC Iogical D rareSection Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Te
11、xt 1A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys. People art actually more stressed at home than at work. Researchers measured peoples cortntlol. Which is it at stress marker. While they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.“F
12、urther contradicting conventional wisdom, we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home,” writes one of the researchers. Sarah Damaske, In fact women say they feel better at work. She notes. “it is men not women. Who report being bappicr at home than at work,” A
13、nother surprise is that the findings hold true for both those with childrcn and without, but more so for nonparents. This is why pcoplc who work outside the home have better health. What the study doesnt measure is whether people are still doing work when they re at home, whether it is household wor
14、k or work brought home from the office. For many men, the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home, they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles, and the fact th
15、at the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments for working women, it s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.But its not just a gender thing. At work, people pretty much know what theyre supposed to be doing: working, making money, doing the tasks they have to d
16、o in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.On the home front, however, people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid
17、 out. There are a lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues-your family-have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it, or if they re teenagers, threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices. Plus, they re your fa
18、mily. You cannot fire your family. You never really get to go home from home.So its not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks apparently infinite, the co-workers are much harder to motivate.21.According to Pa ragraph 1，most previous su rveys found that home_Awas an
19、 un realistic place for relaxationBgenerated more stress than the workplaceCwas an ideal place for stress measurementDoffered greater relaxation than the workplace22.According to Damaske， who are likely to be the happiest at home?AWorking mothersBChildless husbandsC Childless wivesDWorking fathers23
20、 The blurring of working womens roles refers to the fact thay_Athey are both bread winners and housewivesBtheir home is also a place for kicking backCthere is often much housework left behindDit is difficult for them to leave their office24.The word“moola”(Line 4，Para 4)most probably means_AenergyBs
21、killsCearningsDnutrition25.The home front differs from the workplace in that_Ahome is hardly a cozier working environmentBdivision of labor at home is seldom clear-cutChousehold tasks are generally more motivatingDfamily labor is often adequately rewardedText 2For years, studies have found that firs
22、t-generation college students-those who do not have a parent with a college degree-lag other students on a range of education achievement factors. Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher. But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher educ
23、ation, colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them. This has created “a paradox” in that recruiting first-generation students, but then watching many of them fail, means that higher education has “continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close” achievement gap base
24、d on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Sciense.But the article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to this problem, suggesting that an approach(which involves a one-hour, next-to-no-cost program) can
25、close 63 percent of the achievement gap(measured by such factors as grades)between first-generation and other students.The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findins are based on a study involving 147 students(who completed the project)at an unnamed private unive rsityFi
26、rst generation was defined as not having a parent with a fou r-year college degree Most of the first-generation students(59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants，a federal g rant for undergraduates with financial need，while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students wit at least one pare
27、nt with a four-year degreeTheir thesis-that a relatively modest inte rvention could have a big impact-was based on the view that first-gene ration students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students They cite past
28、 resea rch by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be na rrowed to close the achievement gap. Many first-gene ration students”struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of higher education，learn therules of the game，and take advantage of college resou rces,” they write And this
29、becomes more of a problem when collages dont talk about the class advantage and disadvantages of different groups of students Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students educational expe rience，many first-gene ration students lack sight about why they
30、 a re struggling and do not unde rstand how students like them can improve26. Recruiting more first-generation students hasAreduced their d ropout ratesBnarrowed the achievement gaoC missed its original pu rposeDdepressed college students27 The author of the research article are optimistic because Athe problem is solvableBtheir approach is costlessq the recruiting rate has increasedDtheir finding appeal to students28 The study suggests that most first-gene ration students Astudy at private universitiesBare from single-pa rent familiesq are in need of financial suppo
