1、仁爱初中英语宾语从句宾 语 从 句 一、考点、热点回顾 （一）宾语从句的种类 宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。 1.由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：Hesaid(that)hewantedtostayathome.Shedoesntknow(that)sheisseriouslyill.Iamsure(that)hewillsucceed. 注意：在think, believe, suppose, expect等动词引起的宾语从句中
2、，有时从句谓语动词尽管是否定意义，却不用否定形式，而将think 等动词变为否定形式（又叫否定前移）。例：I dont think you are right. (我认为你做的不对)在许多带有复合宾语的句子中，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子的后面，而用it做形式宾语。 例：We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone (我认为他向每一个人撒谎是错误的)2.由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,where,why,how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：Doyou
3、knowwho(whom)theyarewaitingfor?Heaskedwhosehandwritingwasthebest.CanyoutellmewheretheNo.3busstopis?Idontknowwhythetrainislate. 特殊情况：当doyouthink后接特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，句式结构应为”引导词doyouthink陈述句语序”。当主句谓语动词是find，see，watch，hear等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语宾补”结构，宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。如： She found that the wallet was lying on the
4、 ground. She found the wallet lying on the ground. 当主句谓语动词是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主句主语与从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构。如：She agreed that she could help me with my maths. She agreed to help me with my maths.由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句，如果宾语从句的主语和主句的主语是同一个人时，可以用“疑问词+不定式 ”做宾语的简单句结构。例：I dont know what I should d
5、o next. I cont know what to do next. He didnt know where he would live. He didnt know where to live.3.由if或whether引导的宾语从句。if和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如：Iwanttoknowif(whether)helivesthere.Heaskedmewhether(if)Icouldhelphim.注意：一般情况下，whether和if可以互用，但有些情况例外。a.当从句做介词的宾语时只用whether不用if 例如：Wearetalkingaboutwhether
6、wellgoonthepinic.b.引导词与动词不定式或or not连用时，只用whether. 例如：Pleaseletmeknowwhattodonext. Couldyoutellmewhetheryougoornot? c. if当如果讲时, 引导的是条件状语从句, 这时不能用whether.if和when既能引导时间状语从句，又能引导宾语从句。因此，遇到它们就要认真分析一下，它们究竟属于“两副面孔”的哪一副。如：If it rains tomorrow, I wont come.（时间状语从句）I dont know if it will rain tomorrow. （宾语从句）
7、（二）宾语从句的语序 宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如：Ihear(that)physicsisnteasy.Ithink(that)youwilllikethisschoolsoon.CanyoutellmehowIcangettozoo?Pleasetellmewhenwellhavethemeeting.（三）宾语从句的时态1.如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。如：Idontthink(that)youareright. Pleasetelluswhereheis. CanyoutellmehowIcangettotherailwaystation? 2.
8、如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时统称为过去时态）。 一般现在时态 一般过去时态 现在进行时态 过去进行时态 一般将来时态 过去将来时态 现在完成时态 过去完成时态 一般过去时态 一般过去时态（句中有明显的一般过去时态的标志词时）/ 过去完成时态例如：Heaskedwhattimeitwas. Hetoldmethathewaspreparingforthesportsmeet.HeaskedifyouhadwrittentoPeter. HesaidthathewouldgobacktotheU.S.soon. 3.如果宾
9、语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。例如：OurteachersaidthatJanuaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.Scientistshaveprovedthattheearthturnsaroundthesun.(四)宾语从句的人称：一随主，二随宾（如主句没有第三人称，就改为第一人称），第三人称不更新。解析：1、如果从句的主语是第一人称，合成宾语从句后，人称与主句的主语保持一致。2、如从句的主语是第二人称，合成宾语从句后，人称与主句的宾语保持一致，如果主句没有宾语，就改为第二人称。3、第三人称不用变化。二、典型例题【活学活用】（一）、 用合适的连 接词
10、 填空 1. Wang Hai told me _ he didnt go cycling yesterday afternoon.(how why) 2. Can you tell me _ else is going to be on duty today(who whom) 3. She said _ it wouldnt matter much.(that if) 4. He always thinks _ he can do better.(how who) 5. I really dont know _ the bridge will be finished.(how long h
11、ow soon) 6. They dont know _ we are going hiking. 7. She wanted to know _ her coat would be ready the next day. 8. I was really surprised at _ I saw. 9. I dont know _ so many people crowding round him10. Do you know _ shirt it is（二）、句型转 换1. When does the train arrive Please tell me.(改为 宾 语 从句) Pleas
12、e tell me _ _ _ _.2. What does he do? Do you know ? (改为 宾 语 从句) Do you know _ he _3. Do they want fried chicken He asked the boys. (改为 宾 语 从句) He asked the boys _ they _ fried chicken.4. Was the watch made in Shanghai .I dont know. (改为 宾 语 从句) I dont know _ the watch _ made in Shanghai.5. “Do you wa
13、nt to try something new” Toms mother asked him. (同义 句) Toms mother asked him _ _ _ to try something new.6. I think this is a good idea. (改为 否定句) I _ _ this _ a good idea.7. Lucy hasnt decided which trousers to buy.(改为 复 合句) Lucy hasnt decided _ _ _ _ buy.8. I dont know how I can get to the hospital.
14、(改为 简 单 句) I dont know _ _ _ to the hospital.（三）、【中考链接】1.YourT-shirtissocool.Couldyoutellme_?A.whereyoubuyit B.wheredoyoubuyitC.whereyouboughtit D.wheredidyoubuyit 2.Excuseme.Couldyoutellme_IcangettotheSpaceMuseum?-Ofcourse.YoucantakebusNo.1.A.where B.how C.if D.why 3.Doyouknow_thenewmobilephonelast
15、week?-Maybe900yuan.Imnotquitesure.A.howmuchshepaidfor B.howmuchwillshepayforC.howmuchdidshepayfor4.MichaelJordanhasfailedoverandoveragaininhislife. Andthats _ hesucceeds. A.what B.when C.why D.where 5.AliceinWonderlandisafantasticmovie.Itsabout_.A.howdidAliceendtheRedQueensreignofterror（恐怖统治）B.whatd
16、idAliceendtheRedQueensreignofterrorC.howAliceendedtheRedQueensreignofterrorD.whatAliceendedtheRedQueensreignofterror6.Doyouknow_thegirlinredis?Imnotsure.Maybeateacher.A.when B.how C.where D.what 7.Whatdidyourparentsthankaboutyourdecision?-Theyalwaysletmedo_IthinkIshould.A.when B.that C.how D.what 8.
17、Iwanttoknow_. A.whenweshouldarriveattheairportB.whenshouldwearriveattheairportC.whentheairportweshouldarriveatD.whentheairportshouldwearriveat9.-Wouldyoupleasetellme_?At10:00thisevening.A.whenwillthetrainleave B.whenthetrainwillleaveC.whendoesthetrainleave10.Couldyoutellme_? -FillinthisformandIwillg
18、iveyouacard. A.howIcanmeetCathy B.whereIcanmeetCathyC.whenIcanmeetCathy 11.Doyouknow_themanwithsunglassesis? -Imnotsure.Maybeareporter. A.who B.what C.where D.how 12. Tommy,doyouknowifFrank_tothezoothisSundayifit_? -Sorry,Ihavenoidea. A.willgo;isfine B.goes;isfineC.willgo;isgoingtobefine D.goes;will
19、befine13.Noonecanbesure_inamillionyears. A.whatmanlookslike B.whatwillmanlooklikeC.whatmanlookedlike D.whatmanwilllooklike14.Suetoldmethatshe_shoppingwithhersisterthenextday.A.willgo B.wouldgo C.goes D.hasgone15.Thenew-designedcarisonshownow.Iwonder_. A.howmuchitcost B.howmuchdiditcostC.howmuchitcos
20、ts D.howmuchdoesitcost16.-Whendoyouthink_? -Abouthalfpastfive.Iwillpickhimupattheairport.A.hewillcome B.willhecome C.didhecome D.hecame 17.Ourteachertoldusthesun_intheeast.A.rise B.rose C.rising D.rises 18.-Listen!Itisstillnoisyintheheadteachersoffice.Goandsee_theyhavefinishedcorrectingthepapersyet.
21、A.though B.whether C.unless D.while19.-WhattimewillMr.BrownbebacktoChina?-Sorry.Idontknow_.A.whendidhegoabroad B.whyheisgoingabroadC.howsoonwillhebeback D.howlonghewillstayabroad20.Doyouknow_themanwithsunglassesis? -Imnotsure.Maybeareporter. A.who B.what C.where D.how三、习题练习1.Doyouknow_duringthecomin
22、gsummerholiday? A.whatwillTomdo B.whatdidTomdoC.whatTomwilldo D.whatTomdid2.Iwanttoknow_. A.whatishisname B.whatshisnameC.thathisnameis D.whathisnameis3.Doyouknow_Icouldpasstheexam?A.that B.whether C.what D.which4.Jimdoesntunderstand_. A.whichisthewaytothemuseumB.whyhiswifealwaysgoesshoppingC.whatis
23、thewaytothemuseumD.whydoesshealwaysgoshopping5.-Couldyoutellme_sheislookingfor?A.that B.whose C.who D.which6.Mr.Kingdidntknow_yesterdayevening.A.whendoeshissoncomehomeB.whenhissoncomeshomeC.whendidhissoncomehomeD.whenhissoncamehome7.Couldyoutellme_thebikethismorning? A.howdoeshemend B.howhemendsC.ho
24、whemended D.howdidhemend8.Imwaitingforthemail.Doyouknow_itwillarrive?-Usuallyitcomesby4:00. A.how B.where C.when D.what9.-Excuseme,wouldyoupleasetellme_?-Certainly.Gostraightalonghere.Itsnexttoahospital.A.howwecangettothepostoffice B.howcanwegettothepostofficeC.howgettothepostoffice D.howcouldwegett
25、othepostoffice10.-CanIhelpyou? Yes.IdlikeatickettoMountEmei.Canyoutellme_taketogetthere? A.howsoonwillit B.howsoonitwillC.howlongitwill D.howlongwillit11.Hewantedtoknow_. A.whetherhespeaksatthemeetingB.whenthemeetingwouldstartC.whathesgoingtodoatthemeetingD.wherewouldthemeetingbeheld12.-Couldyoutellme_theBambooGarden?-Thedayaftertomorrow,Ithink. A.whenwillyouvisit B.whenyouwillvisitC.whenwouldyouvisit D.whenyouwouldvisit13.Wouldyoupleasetellme_next,MrWang? A.whatshouldwedo B.weshould
