1、10 提纲式作文提纲式作文Recently, however the problem of water shortage has been brought into focus. First, with the increase in the worlds population, the demand of water is growing steadily. Secondly, the rapid development of industry and agriculture calls for an increasing amount of water. To make things wo
2、rse, some factories are polluting our fresh water resources consistently.分析问题型常用句型(一) 开始段1 Recent years, _ has become more and more _. Its estimated that_2 Nowadays more and more people are beginning to realize that_. For example_3 One of the urgent issues/problems we are confronted with is that _（二
3、）承上启下1 A number of reasons could account for/ lead to/result in_2 As for this prolem, there are many ways solving it. First,_second, finally,_(三) 结束篇（解决问题）常用句型1 Thanks to chinas reform and opening-up policy, the past two decades have witnessed great economic development and social transformation2. N
4、owaday, the phenomenon of _ has drawn/captured /aroused public attention.3.with the fantastic/rapid/amazing growth/development of economy, great changes have taken place in_4. It may give rise to a host of problems5. The immediate result it produces is 6. It will exert a profound influence/effect on
5、/upon.7. Its consequence can be so great that.1 对立观点式 A有人认为X 是好事，赞成X， 为什么？ B 有人认为X 是坏事， 反对X，为什么？ C我的看法。 Some people are in favor of the idea of doing X. They point out the fact that 支持X 的第一个原因。They also argue that 支持X 的另一个原因。 However, other people stand on a different ground. They consider it harmfu
6、l to do X. They firmly point out that 反对X 的第一个理由。 An example can give the details of this argument: 一个例子。 There is some truth in both arguments. But I think the advantages of X overweigh the disadvantages. In addition to the above-mentioned negative effects it might bring about, X also may X 的有一个坏处。
7、 2 批驳观点式 A一个错误观点。 B 我不同意。 Many people argue that 错误观点。By saying that, they mean 对这个观点的进一步解释。An example they have presented is that 一个例子。（According to a survey performed by X on a group of Y, almost 80% of them 赞成这个错误观点或者受到这个错误观点的影响）。 There might be some element of truth in these peoples belief. But
8、if we consider it in depth, we will feel no reservation to conclude that 与错误观点相反的观点。There are a number of reasons behind my belief. (以下参照辩论文的议论文写法)。 3 社会问题（现象）式 A一个社会问题或者现象。 B 产生的原因 C对社会和我们生活的影响 D 如何杜绝。（如果是问题的话）E 前景的预测。 Nowadays, there exists an increasingly serious social/economic/environmental pro
9、blem. (X has increasingly become a common concern of the public). According to a survey, 调查内容说明这种现象的情况。（或者是一个例子）。 There are a couple of reasons booming this problem/phenomenon. 下面参照辩论式议论文的写法。 X has caused substantial impact on the society and our daily life, which has been articulated in the followi
10、ng aspects. 参照辩论式议论文的写法。 A dozen of measures are supposed to take to prevent X from bringing us more harm. 参照辩论式议论文的写法。 Based on the above discussions, I can easily forecast that more and more people will .College teaching in China(1) 有人认为中国的大学英语教学很不成功（如： 大学毕业生英语说不好，听不懂，写不出）(2) 认为失败的原因是。(3) 你的建议Nowa
11、days, there are more and more people complaining that English teaching at college is a complete failure. After four-year hard-working, the vast majority of graduates cant properly communicate with native speakers, nor can they translate between languages, let alone write in English. Why? A variety o
12、f reasons could account for this. For one thing, our college English teaching is, to large extent, teacher-centered. You wont be surprised to see that the teacher explains every language point in detail, while their students take notes at times in the classroom. For another, our exam-oriented educat
13、ion misleads both the teachers and students. For example, in some universities, great importance has been attached to CET-4 and CET-6. Its of their primary concern to pass the exams rather than study for the sake of the language itself. The last but not the least, textbooks used in universities are
14、partly responsible for this. Outdated material, boring arrangement and less applicable, all these make the students lose their interest in English . In a word, Chinese English teaching should be reformed. English teaching should be student-centered, test system should be ability-oriented, and textbo
15、oks would be well designed to arouse students interest.一、写作步骤和技巧： 1 写好提纲式作文的关键是认真审题和分析所给的提纲，认清题目和提纲之间的关系，然后确定文章的主题、内容以及文体。 2 每一个提纲可以作为文章的一个段落层次，段落的展开围绕提纲的中心和内容，不能偏离，也不能任意增减。 3 提纲只是对文章的提示和概括，不是主题句。这需要根据提纲的性质，写出完整的、体现提纲主旨的句子，使之成为主题句。然后围绕主题句进行扩展。 4 收集材料支持主题句。材料可以是事实、例证、亲身经历、名人名言、谚语警句等。应当注意的是，所选材料要与文章的主
16、题相符，即要“扣题”。同时要具有典型性，能充分说明问题。在有多个例证的段落中，还要注意各个例证之间的连贯性。二、审题和构思：根据下题写一篇不少于100词的作文： My View on Job-hopping 1）有些人喜欢始终从事一种工作，因为 2）有些人喜欢经常换工作，因为 3）我的看法显而易见，这是一道提纲式的作文题。可以通过以下审题和构思过程完成这篇作文： 1分析题目和提纲可知，应该写一篇说明文，当然其中可以夹有议论。要写出“不换工作”和“换工作”的原因，然后给出自己的看法，重点是原因和看法。 2根据提纲，文章可分3段，第1段是“喜欢从事一种工作”的原因；第2段写出“喜欢经常换工作”的原
17、因；第3段是“我的”看法。 3根据以上分析，可以把提纲转换为主题句如下： Some people tend to stick to their position all the time Some people are differentThey are in the habit of job-hopping I am not in favour of constant job-hopping 4以材料支持各段主题句。第1段的材料可以是：喜欢那份工作的各种原因：有发展前途、工资高等；第2段经常“跳槽”的原因：不能施展自己的才能，谋求更高的收入等。第3段也要说明原因，并总结归纳，圆满结尾。 三、
18、参考范文： My View on Job-hopping Some people tend tostick to their positions all the time，as they think the longer one works in a particular field，the more skillful one will be at itSome have been teachers all their livesSome devote all their energy to scientific researchSuch people love their work and
19、turn out to be specialists in their own fieldsThey are usually high achievers Some are differentThey are in the habit of job-hopping，for they always purpose what is new and stimulatingThey never seem content with their present situationsThey like to meetmore people，make more money and new acquaintances，so they hop from job to job As far as I am concerned，I am not in favour of constant job-hopping I believe in a famous proverb，“A rolling stone gather no moss”I want to be professionally strongAnd I respect those who devote themselves to their affectionate jobs throughout their life.
