1、eyeourhourah含有一个元音音素和音节尾（音节核peak+音节尾coda）amoughtease含有一个元音音素、音节首和音节尾（音节首onset+音节核peak+音节尾coda）runmustfill含有成音节辅音的音节辅音+成音节/l、m、n/bottlepeoplecottonbottomInawordlike“bottle”,theweaksyllablecontainsnovowelatall,butconsistsentirelyoftheconsonants.Wecallthisasyllabicconsonant.在像“bottle”这样的词中，非重读音节中根本没有元音
2、，而全是辅音。我们把这样完全由辅音字母构成的音节叫做构成音节的辅音，简称“成音节”。音节的分类音节按读音可分为开音节和闭音节。开音节又可以分为绝对开音节和相对开音节。在开音节中，这个元音字母发字母本身音。绝对开音节是指元音字母后面没有辅音字母而构成的音节，如：wenoseeseateabee相对开音节是指一个元音字母后面有一个辅音字母（除r外），最后是一个不发音的e构成的音节，如：namecakegamefacetimelikenicefinefivenosehomeusecute闭音节是指元音字母后面有辅音字母（除r外）构成的音节，如：catondesknotleg音节按是否重读可以分为重读
3、音节和非重读音节。预备知识只含有一个音节的单词叫做单音节词；含有两个音节的单词叫做双音节词；含有三个或三个以上音节的单词叫做多音节词。重读音节（重音）：在双音节词和多音节词中，有一个音节读得特别重，叫做重读音节，简称“重音”，用“”来表示，加在重读音节的左上方。有些单词音节较多，除了重音外，还有次重音，用“?”来表示。不重读的音节为非重读音节。单音节词作重读处理，但不标重音符号。标注单词重音一般规则如下：54321?_university?ju:n?v?s?t?_difficultd?f?k?lt _studyst? _goodg?d重读开音节：以元音字母结尾的重读音节叫重读开音节；重读闭音节
4、：以辅音字母结尾的重读音节叫重读闭音节。应用：单词变形。以辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节的动词，双写词尾加ing变为现在分词，双写词尾加ed变为过去式和过去分词。但infer,refer,prefer三个词在变过去式、过去分词、现在分词时双写“r”,是重读开音节双写词尾。音节的划分划分音节的方法：元音是构成音节的主体，辅音是音节的分界线。两辅音之间不管有多少个元音，一般都是一个音节。如：beatbeauty两个音节相邻处只有一个辅音字母时（除r和字母组合外），如前面是开音节，该辅音字母属于后面；如前面是闭音节，该辅音字母属于前面。stu-dentstud-y两个音节相邻处有两个辅音字母时（除r和字母
5、组合外），一个辅音字母归前一音节，一aaa个归后后一音节。run-nerwin-ter两个音节相邻处有字母r时：相邻处是rr时，前者属于前面，后者属于后面，且前者按重读闭音节规律发音。mar-ry相邻处是“元音字母+r+其他辅音字母”时，r属于前面并按-r音节规律发音。far-ther相邻处是“元音字母+r+元音字母”时，r属于前面。r前的元音字母按-re音节规律发音。dur-ingdj?r?不能拆分的字母组合按字母组合划分音节。daugh-terfa-thertea-cher移行时：要按音节移，连字符“-”位于行末（如picture）单个字母的音节不能单独留在行末（如unit）或单独移至下行
6、首（如city） 有连字符的在连字符处断开（如picture-book）上行：.pic-.u-.cit-.picture-下行：ture.nit .y.book （正确）（错误）（错误）（正确）元音气流不受阻碍，声带振动；辅音气流受阻碍，清辅音声带不振动，浊辅音声带振动。拼读方法辅音在前，元音在后，两者要相拼。先发出辅音，然后连续过渡到元音的口形，发出元音的声音，中间不要有停顿。元音在前，辅音在后，连续发出各自的音。元音音素和辅音音素：分类一：单元音（12个）：长元音：i:?u:短元音：?e?双元音（8个）：a?e?a?清辅音（11个）：ptkfs?tst?trh浊辅音（15个）：bdgvze
7、?dzd?drlrmn?半元音（2个）：wj分类二：元音：前元音：中元音：后元音：:双元音：e?辅音：爆破音：pbkgtdtrdr摩擦音：fvsz?etsdzr鼻音：mn?（舌）边音：l破擦音：ht?d?半元音：国际音标和英语字母在书写方面的联系从音标到字母和字母组合单元音：:e:heshemeweea:teaeatmeatee:seetreeseeei:receiveey:keyi:policepolicemanpolicewomanmachineeo:peopleie:piecefieldbelievethiefa:orangecabbageay:Sundayholidaye:beginE
8、nglishprettycinemaey:monkeyi:itisinbigy:cityverysorryu:busyui:buildbuildingai:captaine:anymanyanyoneai:saiday:sayse:penbedyeseggdeskea:breadheadbreakfastu:burya:bagamandatsadalongaboutbananaCananaChinae:studentopenchildrendifferenti:holidayAprilo:todaywelcomepoliceu:minusautumner:fathermotherbrother
9、sisteror:doctorforgetmirrorar:sugarre:metretiredfireou:deliciouspreviousur:surpriseSaturdayour:colourure:picturepleasureoar:cupboardyr:martyrsatyrear:learnearthearlyhearder:hertermir:firstgirlbirdskirtsirthirdor:workwordworldur:nurseturnhurtThursdayyr:myrtleour:journalistjournalo:comenoneloveotheroo
10、:bloodfloodou:touchcountryenoughyoungu:bussunbutcutupusclassbananafatherafteral:halfpalmar:carfarparkarmstarau:auntlaughear:heart（w）a:wantwashwatchwhato:hotonnotsorrycoughAustralia（w）a:waterallballcallfallhallmallsmalltalktallwall（w）ar:warmquarterAugustautumndaughteraw:drawsawlawoor:doorfloorore:mor
11、ebeforeor:orforshortsportou:boughtbroughtthoughtour:fouryourawe:aweawedawelessoar:boardblackboardcardboardo:storywomanwolfbooklookgoodfootoul:couldwouldshouldputsugarfullpushu:ew:flewgrewreviewJewdotowhooo:toozoofoodpoolbootschoolou:soupgroupthroughblueglueJuneui:fruitjuiceoe:shoei:timelikenicefinef
12、ivey:mybywhyi（g）:signhighlightrightie:dielietienamecakegamefaceraintrainwaitdaymayokayplaytodayveilveinei（gh）:eighteighteeneightyey:theyea:greatbreakoi:oiltoiletboilsoiloy:boytoyemployeeou:outabouthouseblouseow:hownowcowgononosehomeshowknowyellowwindowoa:goatboatshoulderthoughoe:woezerocerealserious
13、realreallyideacerealere:hereear:eardearhearnearcleareer:beerdeerpioneerair:airhairchairare:carehareparentear:pearwearbearere:therewhereeir:theirtheirsa:Maryure:sureoor:poorour:tour清辅成对辅音：p-bt-dk-gf-vs-z-e?-?ts-dzt?-d?tr-dr清音浊化：清辅音ptktr等在s后重读时由送气音变为不完全送气音，即发其浊辅音bdgdr，但音标仍写成清辅音。sportsp?t，studentstju:n
14、t，skyska?,streetstri:t。但弱读时s后的清辅音仍读请辅音，不读相对的浊辅音。hostessh?s。p:p:penmaphelpcheappencilpaperpp:applehappyappearb:b:bagbybedboybusbluebb:rabbitcabbaget:t:tentimenotgettablett:bottlebottomlittleprettyed:watchedwashedcookedhelpeddancedd:d:deskdoordaydogdd:adddaddymiddleplayedcleanedclimbedansweredarriveda
15、iredboiledemptiedenjoyedcriedk:c:catcomecutclockcrypicturebloccc:occasionaccordingoccupyacclaimch:schoolChristmaschemistrytechniquetechnologystomachk:bookbikecakekiteKatelookck:blackduckclockjacketcockq:Iraqcoqque:uniquetechniqueg:g:gogirlbiggetgg:eggbiggerbiggestgu:guessgue:dialoguegh:ghyllghostf:f
16、:fivefishfinefamilyfifteenph:photophoneelephantphotographgh:laughenoughff:offcoffeev:v:veryfivehavef:ofs:nicecitycycles:sitsixsomebususeusdeskbooksss:missclassglassgrasssc:sciencesceneps:psalmpsywarz:s:ishispleasemusiclosehusbandappleses:leavesthieveskniveswivesz:zoozerozz:buzz:th:threethankmonththi
17、nth:thisthewiththanthe:breathesoythesh:sheshoeshortshopwashsureAsiac:specialsufficientdelicioust:stationnationalpatientss:Russiaprofessionch:machineusuallytelevisionpleasurez:seizurege:garagets:ts:shirtshurtscoatscostsgoatsts:Letstes:kitesgatesdatespizzadz:ds:bedsbirdshandsfriendsdes:decidest?ch:cha
18、irmuchlunchChinatch:watcht:picturequestiond?g（e）:agepagehugeorangeg:gentlegentlemangeneraldge:bridgeporridgejudgej:jumpjacketjustJuneJimch:sandwichtr:tr:treetriptrytruetruthdr:dr:dressdrivehundredchildren单个辅音：h:h:heherhavehandheadhair（w）h:whowhomwhosel:l:letlookpleaselakepeoplell:tellfulltillbell（t）
19、l（e）:whistler:r:redrightthreerr:sorryworryhurrycarrycarrot（w）r:writewrongm:m:manmeatmeettimemm:commoncommunicatem（b）:climblambm（n）:autumnn:n:nameniceninenearunder（k）n:knowknifenn:Ann（m）n:mnemonicsng:singlongyoungmorningn（k）:thankthinkinkpinkn（g）:Englishw:w:wewindowworkwalkw（h）:whatwhywherewhitej:y:y
20、esyouyearyellowj:JensenjahallelujahjaaponionreviewmillionbillionbrilliantbehaviourEurope国际音标和英语字母在读音方面的联系从字母和字母组合到音标.元音字母a及a+其他字母的读音a在重读开音节中读e?：namecakegamefacea在重读闭音节中读?bagamandatsada在辅音字母s,th,f,n,ph前读:classfastgraspaskfatherafterdancegrapha在w后读?或?wantwhatwaterw?a在ny前读e：anymanya弱读时读?a在非重读音节中读?a读e?ai读e?ai读?ai读e：ay
