1、你是如何看待二者的关系?2.2015 年 9 月联合国举行发展峰会,评估“千年发展目标”的进展,同时通过联 合国 2015 年后发展议程,指导今后 15 年的国际发展合作。请简述你对“千年发展目标”的理解,并详述一下联合国教科文组织/国际电信联盟能从哪些方面对“千年发展 目标”的实现做出贡献。 3.你认为中国政府所倡议的“一带一路”发展战略和联合国通过的“全球可持续发展议程（SDG, the Global Sustainable Development Goals）”是什么关系?中国政府在实施“一带一路”发展战略方面与国际组织的合作会发挥何种作用?二、材料题 阅读材料,写出文章的要点并加以简要
2、评述。字数要求 300-500 字,答题语言为英语或法语。Secretary-Generals remarks at the World Government Summit with Q&A as delivered Ladies and Gentlemen, Its an enormous pleasure and an enormous honor to be here. I am very grateful to your Highness Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum for your very kind invitation. If on
3、e looks at todays governance problems at the country level, between countries or at multilateral governance in the world, we face a terrible lack of trust. Lack of trust between peoples, between governments and political establishment. Lack of trust between countries and lack of trust in relation to
4、 governance in global multilateral institutions. Looking at country level, it is clear that globalization has been an enormous progress, complete with technological development, globalization brought a huge increase in wealth, a reduction in absolute poverty in our world, improved welfare in general
5、, but globalization had its losers. We have the rust belts of this world. Lots of people who feel they were left behind and that the political establishments of their countries have not taken care of them. On the other hand, we see the inability to handle problems relating to the movements of people
6、, to migration, refugees and then linkage that is made to terrorism, the feeling of insecurity and anxiety. Also, this sense that governments are not taking good care or being able to handle it properly. We see youth, youth that is the potential of mankind. But, in many countries that have problems
7、in relation to the capacity to find hope, to find jobs, even if they are educated, creating enormous frustrations. All this generates, in a context where also political systems have not been able to adapt to the new changes in the communication and information technologies, this has generated a gap
8、between public opinion, societies, and governments. That is one of the factors, today, that undermines governance. And then, if we associate it, in certain societies, with corruption and other problems, we understand that we have a serious problem to handle. Now, it is clear that reform is needed to
9、 reconcile people with political establishments; political establishment need to adapt to these technologies in information and communication; need to empower citizens and empower young people. I am a strong believer in a German philosopher, Jurgen Habermas, who said: “the key element of democracy i
10、s the permanent intercommunication between the political society and the civil society and the fact that the civil society influences the decision making process in the political society.Now, with technology, this has changed. Governments have not be able to adapt to the changes in technologies that
11、 force these interactions for participation to have a different nature and reform for creating conditions for a government to interact in a modern way for societies is, I think, a crucial area of reform that is needed and bringing with it the empowerment of youth and the capacity of young people to
12、have a say in the destiny of their own countries. Improving governance, and improving confidence between governments and people, is essential and it is a condition to improve the confidence in the relations between countries. We live today in a world that is no longer bipolar, no longer unipolar but
13、 it is not yet multipolar. Its really chaotic. The relationships are unclear, bringing with it unpredictability and impunity that tends to proliferate everywhere. And in which there is a deep mistrust between countries and groups of countries that, of course, facilitates the multiplication of confli
14、cts and the difficulty to solve them. We need a surge of diplomacy for peace. We need to be able to have honest brokers trying to bring together those countries that are essential for the solution of those conflicts we face in different parts of the world, and namely in this region. But we need to a
15、ble to address the root causes of conflict and to have the international community organized to address the root causes of conflict. And that is where the other gap of confidence becomes extremely important. In a world in which everything is global, in which the problems are global from climate chan
16、ge to the movement of people there is no way countries can do it by themselves. We need global responses, and global responses need multilateral institutions able to play their role. For that, it is also important to have confidence in relation to global multilateral institutions and there, there is
17、 also a lack of confidence that is obvious. If you look at the UN for instance, there is a clear lack of confidence in the Security Council today and clear perception that the Security Council no longer corresponds to the logic of todays world in relation to what the world was after the Second World
18、 War, when the Security Council was built. It is clear that many international organizations lack the efficiency, the capacity, to respond effectively to the problems they face. We saw the difficulties in ending the global financial crisis. There is a need also for deep reforms in global institution
19、s. Reforms that have to do with power relations, namely in the case of the Security Council, or the way votes are distributed in international financial institutions. But also, reforms that we need introduce in all aspects of what we do. In relation to my own role in the Secretariat of the UN, I am
20、deeply committed to three ways of reform that I consider essential. First, to adapt our peace and security strategies, operational set-ups, and the institutions within the UN, to be much more effective. We have today seventy to eighty percent of our budget in peacekeeping operations, most of them in
21、 areas where there is no peace to keep. If you want prevention and sustaining of peace to prevail, we need to link peace and security with sustainable and inclusive development. And to make sure that the two, together with the improvement of the human rights situation in the world, guarantee that th
22、e root causes of conflict are addressed, and for that, we need to reform our own way of doing business in the UN. Second, is management reform. We have rules and regulations that make the UN very difficult to act effectively. Sometimes I think that that they were conceived to paralyze the institutio
23、n! We need to create a win-win confidence building capacity among different member states Western Group, G77, all others to make them understand that it is in the benefit of everybody to have a UN that is more nimble, more decentralized, with much more simplified procedures. Then, we need to make su
24、re that we reform the UN development system. We have to recognize that we are still fragmented, that we are still unable to fully coordinate our action and, especially, that the accountability in the UN system needs much strengthened. To reform the UN development system, strengthen coordination and
25、accountability, and making all organization work together to able to support governments in implementing the different crucial objectives that were approved the Sustainable Development Goals and the Paris Agreement and different other aspects of international cooperation in relation to development,
26、are areas in which the reform of the UN is crucial in order to better sustain these processes. Reform at country level, reform in way countries deal to each other and the way international organizations operate, reform in our multilateral governance system development system are crucial to re-establ
27、ishing trust. And without trust and I dont think we will be able to address the very difficult challenges that we face today. Q1: We have a few minutes to chat so lets deal with this deficit of trust, as you have described it. And lets really drill down and take an early example of that in your very
28、 own institution at the beginning of this term. Im talking the US decision to block Salam Fayyad, your pick to become the new UN Envoy for peace in Libya. For too long, the UN has been unfairly biased, said the US Ambassador, unfairly biased in favour of the Palestinian Authority to the detriment of
29、 our allies in Israel. How do you deal with that and what happens next?SG: There are two different questions here: one, is the appointment of Mr Salam Fayyad as my Special Representative for Libya. And, I believe, he is the right person for the right job at the right moment. He has qualities that ar
30、e recognised everywhere. He has a competence that nobody denies and Libya requires the kind of capacity that he has and I think its a loss for the Libyan peace process and for the Libyan people that I am not able to appoint him. And it is very important to underline that nobody in the UN represents
31、a government or a country. People in the UN have just one area of loyalty they need to respect - its the UN Charter. And so I deeply regret this opposition and I do not see any valid reason for it. Having said so, I think the UN needs to be able to act with impartiality in all circumstances and cann
32、ot be biased in favour of anybody. Things need to be dealt based on the real face value of things and so I think that if Israel does something in relation to which we disagree, we need to express that disagreement, but that doesnt mean that Israel needs to be discriminated on all other areas. So I think we need to distinguish things. I am very much in favour of an UN that is impartial, that addresses the problems based on the value of problems, and what the problems require to addres
