1、过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last（year, night, month），in 1989,just now, at the age of 5,one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc. 主语 + 动词的过去式或be的过去式+名词 主语 + was/were + not + 其他；在行为动词前加didnwas或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。She often came to help us in
2、 those days.那些天她经常来帮助我们。I didnt know you were so busy.我不知道你是这么忙。三、 一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。Tomorrow, next day（week, month, year），soon, in a few minutes, by，the day after tomorrow, etc. 主语 + am/is/are + going to + do + 其它；主语 + will/shall + do + 其它 主语 + am/is/are not going to do ；主语 + will/sh
3、all not do + 其它 be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。首字母大写 6.例句：They are going to have a competition with us in studies.It is going to rain.天要下雨了。四、 一般过去将来时立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。The next day （morning , year），the following month（week），etc. 主语 + was/were + going to + do + 其它；主语 + would/should + do +其它 主语 + was/w
4、ere + not + going to + do; 主语 + would/should + not + do. would/should 提到句首。He said he would go to Beijing the next day.他说他第二天要去北京。 I asked who was going there.我问，谁要去那里。五、 现在进行时表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。Now, at this time, days, etc. look, listen 主语 + be + doing + 其它 主语 + be + not +doing + 其它 把be动词放于句首。How
5、are you feeling today? 你今天感觉如何？He is doing well in his lessons.在课上他表现得很好。六、 过去进行时表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。3.基本结构 主语+was/were +doing +其它 主语+was/were + not +doing+其它 把was或were放于句首。（第一个字母大写） At that time she was working in a PLA unit.那段时间她
6、在人民解放军部队工作。When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.他进来时，我正在读报纸。七、 将来进行时表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作，或表示要在将来某一时间开始，并继续下去的动作。常用来表示询问、请求等。Soon, tomorrow, this evening，on Sunday, by this time，in two days, tomorrow evening 主语 + shall/will + be + 现在分词 + 其它 主语 + shall/will + not + be + 现在分词 + 其它 5.例句：This time next
7、day they will be sitting in the cinema.下一天的这个时间，他们正坐在电影院。He wont be coming to the party.他不去参加聚会了。八、 过去将来进行时表示就过去某一时间而言，将来某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作，主要用于宾语从句中，尤其多用于间接引语中。2.基本结构：should/would + be + 现在分词 3.例句：They said they would be coming.他们说了他们将要来。He said he could not come because he would be having a meeting
8、.他说他不能来因为要开会。九、 现在完成时过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。yet, already ,just, never, ever, so far, by now, since + 时间点，for + 时间段，recently, lately, in the past few years, etc. 主语 + have/has + p.p（过去分词） + 其它 主语 + have/has + not + p.p（过去分词） + 其它 have或has放句首。Ive written an article.我已经写了一篇论文。The
9、countryside has changed a lot in the past few years.在过去的几年，农村发生了巨大的变化。十、 过去完成时以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。Before, by the end of last year （term, month），etc. 主语 + had + p.p（过去分词） + 其它 主语 + had + not +p.p（过去分词） + 其它 had放于句首。As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.当我们到车
10、站的时候，火车已经开走了。By the end of last month, we had reviewed four books.到上个月底，我们已经复习了四本书。基本结构：肯定句：否定句：主语 + had + not + p.p（过去分词） + 其它 一般疑问句：Had +主语 + p.p（过去分词）+其它 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句 十一、 将来完成时在将来某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态 by the time of; by the end of + 时间短语（将来）；by the time + 从句（将来） 主语 + be going to/will/shall + have
11、 + p.p（过去分词） + 其它 4例句：By the time you get back, great changes will have taken place in this area.到你回来的时候，就将发生巨大的变化。十二、 过去将来完成时表示在过去某一时间对将来某一时刻以前所会发生的动作，常用在虚拟语气中，表示与过去的事实相反。should/would have done sth. I thought youd have left by this time.我想这会儿你已经走了。He told them he would have finished it by 8 oclock.
12、他告诉他们他会在8点以前干完。十三、 现在完成进行时表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作。这一动作可能刚刚开始，也可能仍在继续，并可能延续到将来。主语 + have/has + been + doing + 其它 3.时间状语：since + 时间点，for + 时间段等。4.例子：I have been sitting here for an hour.我已经在这里坐了一个小时。The children have been watching TV since six oclock.从6点起，孩子们一直看电视。十四、 过去完成进行时表示某个正在进行的动作或状态，持续到过去某个时刻，还未完
13、成，一直持续到之后的当前才结束。主语 + had + been + doing + 其它 3.例子：She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the exam.她在考试之前一直患重感冒。Had they been expecting the news for some time? 他们期待这个消息有一段时间了吧？4.特殊含义：尚未完成：He had been writing the novel.他已经在写小说了。（他没写完） 企图：He had been studying the meaning of this proverb.他
14、曾经学习过这个谚语。（他曾努力学习过它） 未得结果：We had been studying what our enemy had said.我们一直致力于敌人所说的。（但是我们没有理解） 最近情况：He had been quarrelling with his wife.他和他的妻子吵了一场架。（最近） 反复动作：He had been asking me the same question.他一直问我相同的问题。（屡次） 情绪：What had he been doing？他做了什么？（不耐烦） 十五、 将来完成进行时表示动作从某一时间开始一直延续到将来某一时间。是否继续下去，要视上下文
15、而定。shall/will have been doing I shall have been working here in this factory for twenty years by the end of the year.到今年年底，我将在这个工厂工作20年了。If we dont hurry up the store will have been closing before we get there. 咱们如不快一点儿，等我们到了那儿，店门就会关了。十六、 过去将来完成进行时 表示从过去某时看至未来某时以前会一直在进行的动作。should/would + have + been
16、 +现在分词 3.例子：He told me that by the end of the year he would have been living there for thirty years.他告诉我，到年底时，他就在那住了30年了。主动语态和被动语态一、 被动语态的用法：1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成：is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词 Our classroom is cleaned every day. 我们教室每天都被打扫。I am asked to study hard. 我被告知要努力学习。Knives are used for cutting things
17、. 刀是用来切东西的。2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词 A new shop was built last year. 去年修了一座新商店。Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago. 恐龙蛋被放置了很久很久。3. 一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词 A new hospital will be built in our city. 我们城市将要修建一家新医院。Many more trees will be planted next year. 明年会种更多的树。4. 现在进行时的被动语
18、态构成：am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词 Uncle Wang is mending my bike now. My bike is being repaired by Tom now. 王叔叔正在修理我的自行车。They are planting trees over there. Trees are being planted over there by them. 他们在那里种植的树木。5. 现在完成时的被动语态构成：has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词 This book has been translated into many
19、 languages. 这本书被翻译成多种文字。Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries. 在许多国家有许多人造卫星被送上了太空。6.过去进行时的被动语态构成：was/were + being + 及物动词的过去分词 The boy was being operated on when his parents hurried to the hospital.当他的父母赶到医院的时候这个男孩正在做手术。The new road was being made.这条新路正在修筑。7.过去完成时的被动
20、语态构成：had + been + 及物动词的过去分词 The classroom hadnt been cleaned before the teacher came. 在老师来之前，教室尚未打扫。The tickets had been sold out before I came to the cinema.在门票被销售一空前我赶到了电影院。8.将来完成时的被动语态构成：shall/will + have done They will have been married for 20 years by then. 届时，他们结婚将满20周年。The project will have b
21、een completed before May.该项目将在五月前完成。9.含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词 + be + 及物动词的过去分词 Young trees must be watered often. 小树需要经常浇水。Your mistakes should be corrected right now. 你应该现在就改正你的错误。The door may be locked inside. 这扇门可以反锁。Your homework can be handed in tomorrow. 你的家庭作业可以明天交。二、 怎样把主动语态改成被动语态?把主动语态改为被动语态非常简单
22、，可以遵循以下几个步骤：1. 先找出谓语动词；2. 再找出谓语动词后的宾语；3. 把宾语用作被动语态中的主语；4. 注意人称、时态和数的变化。例：1. Bruce writes a letter every week. A letter is written by Bruce every week.2. Li Lei mended the broken bike this morning. The broken bike was mended by Li Lei this morning. 李雷今天上午在修理坏的自行车。 3. He has written two novels so far.
23、 Two novels have been written by him so far. 至今他已写了两部小说。4. They will plant ten trees tomorrow. Ten trees will be planted by them tomorrow. 5. Lucy is writing a letter now. A letter is being written by Lucy now. 露西正在写信。6. You must lock the door when you leave. the door must be locked when you leave.三
24、、 使用被动语态应注意的几个问题：1. 不及物动词无被动语态。What will happen in 100 years？一百年里会发生什么事？The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago. 约65万年前恐龙灭绝。2. 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。This pen writes well. 这支钢笔很好写。This new book sells well. 这本新书卖的很好。3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带to ，但变为被动语态时，须加上to。例：Make somebody do something
25、 somebody+ be +made to do something See somebody do something somebody +be +seen to do something A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by. My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by. 一个女孩看到我的钱夹掉了，当她经过的时候。The boss made the little boy do heavy work. The little boy was made to do heavy
26、 work by the boss. 这个老板让这小男孩干重活。4. 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，直接宾语（物）做主语，那么动词后要用介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。He gave me a book. A book was given to me by him. 他给了我一本书。He showed me a ticket. A ticket was shown to me by him. 他给我展示了一张票。My father bought me a new bike. A new bike was bought for me by my father.5. 一些动词短语用于被
27、动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。We cant laugh at him. He cant be laugh at by us. 我们不能嘲笑他。He listens to the radio every day. The radio is listened to by him every day. The nurse is taking care of the sick man. The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse. 句子基本句型结构句子按其结构可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。一、简单句基本形式：简单句的基本形式是由一个主语加一个谓语构成。其它各种句子形式都是由此句型发展而来，如五大基本句型：1.主+谓这种句型简称为主谓结构，其谓语一般都是不及物动词，例：Things change.事物是变化的。 Nobody
