1、虚拟条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句皆须用虚拟语气。条件从句主句与现在事实相违背过去式（动词是be用were）should / would/could/might + 动词原形 与过去事实相违背had + 过去分词should / would/could/might + have +过去分词与未来事实相违背1） should + 动词原形2） were + 动词不定式3） 过去式（动词是Be也可以用were）should / would/could/might + 动词原形1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式 （be的过去式用
2、were）, 主句的谓语用should （would, might， could）+动词原形。如：If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic.如果现在不下雨的话，我们就出去野餐了。（事实是：天在下雨，我们不能出去野餐。表示愿望。）If he came here, he might be able to help you. 如果他来这，他就能够帮助你了。他没来这，他不可能帮助你。表示对他的良好印象。2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用had+过去分词，主句的谓语用should （ would, might， could）+ h
3、ave 过去分词。She would have gone to the party if she had been invited. 要是当初她被邀请的话，她就会去参加这次聚会了。当时没有人邀请她，因此，她没有来参加聚会。表示后悔。If she hadnt called me, I would have overslept this morning.今天早上，她要是不叫我的话，我就会睡过头了。她今天早上叫我了，我没有睡过头。表示感激。3. 与将来事实可能相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式（be的过去式用were）； should动词原形；were to动词原形，主句用should
4、（would, might， could）+动词原形。If I were to be twenty years old next year, I would take the course of French.明年我要是二十岁，我就会学法语。我现在已经老了，明年我学不了法语了。If it should fail, I would try again.要是失败了，我会再试一次。有可能失败，可我会再试。表示未知。虚拟过去式有时并不表示“不大可能实现的假设”，而是表示一种希望或不希望发生的动作。If we caught the early train, wed get there by lunch
5、time.假如我们赶上早班火车，到午饭时间我们就会到达那里了。（表希望）If we missed the train, we should have to wait an hour at the station.假如我们赶不上这班火车，我们就得在车站等一小时。（表不希望）4. 混合型的条件句当条件从句与主句所表的时间不一致时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。主句和从句的谓语动词并不相互呼应，这种条件句叫混合条件句。较多见的混合型条件句是从句用过去完成时（指过去行为），而主句用一般时（指目前状态）。He would pass the test if he had taken my advice如果
6、他听了我的劝告，他现在会通过考试。If I had spoken to him yesterday, I should know what to do now. 假如昨天我对他说了，现在我就知道该怎么办了。You would be much better now if you had taken my advice. 假如你接受了我的意见，你现在就会好得多。如条件从句用if I were.，主句则可用表任何时间的虚拟形式。If I were not busy, I would have come.假如我不忙，我就会去了。（were表过去）If I were you, I would go.假如
7、我是你，我会去的。（were表现在）二. 连词if的省略（倒装）如果虚拟条件句的谓语部分有were，had和should时，可省略if，把were，had和should放到从句主语前面去，多见于书面语。Had you not helped me， I should have failed.要是没有你的帮助，我就失败了。Were you in my position, you would do the same. 假如你处在我的地位，你也会这样干的。Should they attack us, well wipe them out completely. 假如他们进攻我们，我们就把他们彻底消灭干
8、净。例：1. _ he would have succeeded in the examination.A. Had he worked hardB. If he worked hardC. If he works hardD. If he has worked hard2. _ it rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.A. Should B. Be C. Were D. Will3. _, he would teach us how to solve the problem.A. Were he here B. Was he hereC. If he
9、is D. Is he here4. _, we should be glad.A. Were they to arrive tomorrowB. They were to arrive tomorrowC. They would arrive tomorrowD. They arrive tomorrow5. _ the clouds, you would find the airplane in the sky easily.A .Were it not for B. If it had not been forC. If it were not D. Had it not been fo
10、r答案：15 AAAAA三. 含蓄条件句虚拟条件句中的条件从句有时不表出来，只暗含在上下文中，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。含蓄条件句大体有三种情况。1） 条件暗含在短语中。But for your help we couldnt have succeeded in the experiment. 如果没有你的帮助，我们的实验是不会成功的。（暗含在分词短词but for your help）What would I have done without you? 如没有你，我会怎么办呢？（条件暗含在介词短语without you 中）It would be easier to do it this w
11、ay. 这样做会比较容易。（条件暗含在不定式短语 to do it this way中）This same thing, happening in wartime, amount to disaster. 同样的事，如发生在战时，就会酿成大祸。（条件暗含在分词短语happening in wartime 中）He must have the strength of a hippopotamus, or he never could have vanquished that great beast. 他一定是力大如河马，否则他绝不会击败那只庞大的野兽。（暗含条件是连词or）Alone, he w
12、ould have been terrified. 如是单独一人，他是会感到害怕的。（暗含条件是alone）2） 条件暗含在上下文中。You might stay here forever. 你可以永远待在这儿。（可能暗含if you wanted to）We would have succeeded. 我们本来是会成功的。（可能暗含if we had kept trying）Your reputation would be ruined. 你的名誉会败坏的。（可能暗含 if you should accept it）3） 在不少情况下，虚拟式已变成习惯说法，很难找出其暗含的条件。You wo
13、uldnt know. 你不会知道。I would like to come. 我愿意来。四. 不用if引导的条件从句虚拟条件句中的条件从句除用if引外，还可用when, unless, lest, suppose, as if, for fear, in case, on condition 等词语来引导。The peasants prepared to feed the city when it should be freed. 农民已准备在这座城市解放后供给粮食。Lest you should not have heard all, I shall begin at the beginn
14、ing. 我怕你没有听全，所以我再从头开始讲一遍。Unless I were well, I wouldnt be at school. 除非我好了，否则我不会上学。Suppose you were given a chance to study in America , would you accept? 假如给你一个到美国学习的机会，你会接受吗？（suppose 或 supposing =what if）Supposing it were so？（=Supposing it were so，what would happen？要是这样的话，会怎么样呢？He can use the bicy
15、cle on condition that he should return it tomorrow. 如果明天能还回来，他就可以借用这辆自行车。In case I forget , please remind me of my promise 如果我忘了，请提醒我的诺言。Susan is walking slowly ,as if she were tired. 苏珊走得很慢，就像是累了似的。与if一样，上述词语所引导的条件从句亦可用直陈语气，表可能实现或发生的事。虚拟语气补充讲解（第二课时）虚拟语气除主要用于条件句（也就是状语从句）外，还可用于主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、定语从句等。1.
16、 虚拟语气在主语从句中的应用“常用在It is （was）+形容词 / 过去分词+that引导的主语从句”的句型中的主语从句要用虚拟语气。主语从句的谓语用should+动词原形（或should+have+过去分词）或只用动词原形（尤其是美国英语）。should在此是助动词，本身并无实义，这种主语从句中的should有时有感情色彩。Its important that we（should）work out a plan. （带有“要求”的含义）s better that he go at once. （带有“建议”的意思） 用于本句型的形容词并不多，常见形容词有：necessary，import
17、ant，best, right, impossible，preferable，desirable, imperative, advisable，essential，reserved，urgent， 等。It is necessary that he（should）be sent there at once s strange that he should say so.I was glad that he should go.It is important that we should speak politely. It is a pity that she should fare so b
18、adly.s right that you should think that way. 用于本句型中的过去分词就是表示提议要求、命令等动词的过去分词，如suggested，settled, required，requested，demanded，urged，decided, proposed，ordered，desired，advised等。It is requested that Professor Liu（should）give us a lecture It is desired that we（should）get everything ready by tonightIm asha
19、med you should have done such a thing. It has been suggested that the meeting（should）be put off有人建议推迟会议。It is settled that you leave us, then?注意：这种句型中的主语从句也可用陈述语气，如：It was important that he made an explicit statement on this score last week. 他上个星期对于这一方面做了明确的说明，这是很重要的。句型总结：It is necessary thatIt is i
20、mportant thatIt is natural thatIt is strange thatIt is surprising thatIt is impossible thatIt is great pity thatIt will be better thatIt is suggested thatIt is ordered that.It is demanded that2. 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用1）. 宾语从句在表示提议、要求、命令、意志等动词后，其谓语用should+动词原形或只用动词原形的虚拟语气，作为suggest，request，demand，urge，propose
21、，prefer，advise，insist，require，order，command，maintain，ask，object, arrange, desire等动词的宾语。The doctor suggested that he not go there医生建议他不要去那里。He suggested that we should leave early. 他建议我们早点动身。The judge ordered that the prisoner should be remanded. 法官命令被告还押。1. The teacher insisted that every student _
22、every other line.A. writes B. write C. would write D. wrote2. Jacks father insists _ in this hotel.A. not staying B not to stayC. that he not stay D. staying not3. They insisted that you _ them a quick answer.A. should give B. gaveC. must give D. would give4. The guard at the gate insisted that ever
23、ybody _ the rules.A. obeys B. obey C. will obey D. would obey14 BCAB注：1）、suggest 为“建议去做; 命令”从句用should + do为“ 说明； 暗示”, 从句用过去时或过去完成时。1. The doctor suggested that I should take the medicine three times a day.2. The doctor suggested that my grandmother had caught a bad cold.3. The expression on her face
24、 suggests that she knew the secret.4. They suggested that these books _ at once.A. should take awayB. would be taken awayC. be taken awayD. take away5. I suggested a meeting _ to discuss the matter.A. will be held B. would be heldC. should hold D. be held6. His silence at the meeting suggested _ to
25、your plan.A. didnt agree B. hadnt agreedC. wouldnt agree D. shouldnt agree46 CDA2）、insist “坚持要去做，坚持应该去做”，从句用should + do 为“坚持表明，坚持说/解释”， 从句用过去时或过去完成时。1. She insisted that she _ ill of him behind him, but he didnt believe.A. hadnt spoken B. shouldnt speakC. wouldnt speak D. not speak2. He insisted tha
26、t we _ the boy to hospital.A. take B. took C. would take D. will take3. He insisted that he _ our car.A. should steal B. would stealC. hadnt stolen D. steal4. The teacher commanded that all his students _ their homework after class.A. would hand in B. should hand inC. handed in D. might hand in5. Th
27、e workers requested that their working conditions _.A. must be improved B. be improvedC. would be improved D. were improved6. They required that the crops _ harvested at once.A. should be B. beC. are D. must be16 BACBBA2）. wish的宾语的从句，表示愿望，常省去连词that。 从句的谓语动词可用过去式，表示现在的愿望（与现在事实相反），虽实现的可能性不大，但仍有实现的可能。
28、I wish it were true我但愿这是真的。 从句的谓语动词还可用“could（would，might）+动词原形”用来表示将来的愿望 I wish you would stay a little longer.我希望你再待一会儿。 表示无能为力的过去愿望（与过去事实相反），可用“had +过去分词”或“could（would，might）+have+过去分词”I wish you had called yesterday我希望你昨天来过电话。We wish you had come to our New Years party.我们真希望你来参加了我们的新年联欢会。7. I wish I _ you y
