1、初中英语语法知识精讲精练：动词(一) 知识概要动词在语言中是必不可少的一部分。它的语法现象也较多，但在初中范围主要有以下几方面问题。 时态：初中范围主要有一般现在时，一般过去时，现在完成时，过去完成时，将来时与过去将来时六种时态。 语态：主动语态与被动语态。 助动词和情态动词。 非谓语动词，也就是不定式，动名词及现在分词的用法。时态主要掌握以下几种时态的应用要点和习惯用法。一般现在时：主要有以下三方面， 用来表示状态，特征或不受时间限制的客观存在和真理。如：Matter exists in three states物质有三态。又如：The earth moves around the sun
2、表示习惯性和经常发生的动作，如：I often go to bed at 9 在时间、条件等状语从句中表示将来要发生的动作，如：As soon as I get there Ill telephone you.一般过去时：主要用于表达过去时间内发生的动作或存在的状态，如：I was ill last week. 过去经常发生的动作或习惯性动作，如I used to get up at six.一般将来时：用于表示将要发生的动作，其构成方式 用ill (shall)+动词原形来表达将来在某一时间内要发生，或经常、将要发生的动作或状态，如：School will begin on Septembe
3、r 1st 用be going to+动词原形，用来表示不久将要发生或打算去作的动作。如：Im going to swim this afternoon be+现在分词，也就是用某些动词的现在进行时表示将来，如：Im coming。这些动词只限于：go, come, leave, start, move, sail, arrive, reach, get to等动词。 在状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。现在进行时：用于表示现在正在进行的动作，如：What are you doing now?要注意的是表示状态，情感的某些词没有现在进行时，这些动词有：like, have (有)，love, k
4、now, understand, remember, forget, see, hear, smell, taste, feel, wish hope, expect过去将来时：用来表达从过去某时间点上看将要发生的动作，如： He told me he would come to my party.现在完成时与过去完成时：现在完成时的两个用处是：用来表达在过去开始的动作持续到现在，如：Ive studied English for two years. 用来表达过去发生的事但它影响到现在，如：I havent had my breakfast. so Im hungry now? 现在完成时与
5、过去完成时的区别在于动作的截止时间，现在完成时所表达的动作截止于现在，而过去完成时所表达的动作截止于过去。如：I havent seen my old teacher for a long time 我好久未见到我过去的老师了。是指到目前截止。如果加上一句话，则将变为过去完成时，如：Yesterday I saw my old teacher. I hadnt seen him for a long time. 因为我好久未见他这一情况截止于昨天。还要注意的一个问题是截止性动词可以有完成时，但不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：When I got to school, the class ha
6、d begun 如果一定要讲开始几分钟了则要换用表示状态，或延续性动词，如：When I got to school, the class had been on for five minutes语态：英语中只有主动语态与被动语态之分。主动语态，句子中的主语是动作的执行者，如：I broke the window 而被动语态句子中的主语是主动语态句子中的宾语，如：The window was broken by me 被动语态主要用于，动作的执行者不明确，或没有必要说出来，如：The New building was built last week 关键要注意的是在主动语态中有省略不定式符号t
7、o的动词，在被动语态要还原，如： 主动语态 I saw him come in.被动语态 He was seen to come in. 助动词和情态动词：助动词本身没有词义，它只不过与实义动词一起构成谓语动词，形成了时态、语态、构成了疑问句，否定句，以及用来加强语气。而情态动词则表达一种可能、必要、允许、愿望、猜测的意图、倾向。也用来表示语气的委婉和祝愿。初中阶段主要有：can, could, may, might, will, would, must (have to), shall, should。最后要谈论的是非谓语动词，非谓语动词分为不定式，和动词的ing形式，(即现在分词和动名词)
8、。虽然在初中范围，这一项不是语法重点，但还是要花一定时间去学习，为的是打下良好的基础。为进一步学习提供良好的条件。不定式在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语。如：To see is to believe.(百闻不如一见) He want to see a film 还可以作补足语，如：He wants me to leave.也可以作状语，如：I come here to learn English.动名词也可以起到上述作用，如：Seeing is believing. I like swimming very much. 而现在分词多用于作定语、补足语、状语，如： The girl driving
9、a car is her sister.(定语) Did you notice his hand shaking?(宾语补足语)Hearing the noise, we stopped talking.(状语) (二) 例题解析 1.Mr. Zhang asked me the words again.A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading答案 C. 析 ask somebody to do something 要求某人作某事。 2.You play on the road. Its dangerous.A. mustnt B. may C. can D
10、. must 答案 A. 析 must 用于否定句表示禁止做某事。3.Mr. Brown in Beijing since 1993.A. workB. worksC. workedD. has worked答案 D. 析 句中有since引导的时间状语，因此句中要用完成时态。 4.I a letter when my mother came in.A. writeB. am writingC. was writingD. will write答案 C.析 当母亲进来时是一个瞬时的动作，而写信是一个长动作，所以写信这个动作应用过去进行时态，表示在写信过程中发生的另一个短动作。 5.Its no
11、t an important party, you neednt .A. pay for itB. wear it outC. try it outD. dress up for it答案 D. 析 pay for-为某物，某人付款，wear out-穿坏，磨破，tryout-选拔，挑选，而dress up-梳妆打扮。 6.Can I a bike from him?A. lendB. returnC. giveD. borrow 答案 D. 析 borrow something from为向某人某处借某物。而lend, return, give后面的介词应用to。 7.- Must I st
12、ay at home?- No, you .A. mustntB. needntC. may notD. can not答案 B.析 neednt 为没有必要必须做某事，而mustnt为禁止做，can not为不能做。根据题意是：你不一定待在家里。8 - How long have you here?- About two months.A. beenB. goneC. comeD. arrived 答案 A. 析 have been here是个状态，可以与后面的长时间状语连接，而其他三个动词都是瞬间动词。9. Stamps by people for sending letters.A.
13、useB. usingC. usedD. are used 答案 D. 析 这里是被动语态，意为邮票被人们用来发信。10 The radio says Tianjin will be tomorrow.A. rainsB. rainC. rainedD. rainy 答案 D. 析 rainy为形容词作表语。11. If you dont know this word, in the dictionary.A. look for itB. look at itC. look after itD. look it up 答案 D. 析 look up 查字典，与look有关的词组有：look a
14、bout 四周环视 look after 照顾 look around 周围，四处看look at 看 look back 回顾look for 寻找look forward to 期待look out 当心look like 看上去像12. My father told me play on the street.A. notB. to notC. not toD. did not 答案 C. 析 不定式的否定式是not to do something.13. There is going to an English party this evening.A. beB. hasC. have
15、D. is 答案 A. 析 这里是there be 无生命的有加助动词的句型，即there will be,而没有there have 的句型。14. There no bus stop here last year.A. isB. wasC. areD. were答案 B. 析 last year为去年，所以用过去时。而there be 句型的单复数要看be动词之后离之最近的名词是单数还是复数。如：There is a pen and two pencils on the desk.15. Our school will hold a sports meeting if it tomorro
16、w.A. isnt rainB. rainsC. wont rainD. doesnt rain 答案 D. 析 在状语从句中应用一般时态来表示将来。16. Bikes mustnt everywhere.A. be putB. be puttedC. putD. putting 答案 A. 析 这里是被动语态。与put有关的词组如下：put away 放好 put off 推迟 put on 穿上 put out 扑灭 put down 放下17. Neither Li Lei nor Han Meimei Harbin.A. have been toB. has been toC. hav
17、e gone toD. has gone to 答案 B.析 has been to 是去过某处。18. Its cold today youd better more coats.A. put onB. take offC. to put onD. to take off 答案 A. 析 d better 其后加不带to的不定式，而put on 为穿上。19. Henry a birthday card for Sam yesterday.A. has boughtB. buysC. boughtD. will buy 答案 C. 析 因句中的yesterday为表达过去的时间状语，所以应用
18、过去时态。?20. When I got to the factory, the workers about the film.A. are talkingB. talkedC. were talkingD. have talked 答案 C. 析 状语从句中所用的动词为过去时，则主句中也要与之呼应。而工人们在谈论电影为一长时间的动作，所以要用过去进行时。?21. No hurry, please your time.A. takeB. bringC. carryD. catch 答案 A. 析 take ones time 慢慢来别着急。?22. I enjoy the light musi
19、c.A. to listen toB. listening toC. hearingD. to hear 答案 B. 析 enjoy 与 finish其后只能接动名词作宾语补足语。23. Please as soon as you get there.A. ring me upB. ring up meC. wake me upD. wake up me 答案 A. 析 ring up打电话，而wake up唤醒。英文中有很多动词词组如其宾语是代词时，一定要放在动词与介词之间。?24. When I , I want to be a teacher.A. grows upB. grow upC
20、. shall growD. grew up 答案 B. 析 grow up 长大。而状语从句要用现在时表示将来，即使主句也用的是一般现在时，但它含有将来之意。25. I called him and he to have a talk with me.A. stopB. stopsC. stopedD. stopped 答案 D. 析 这是由and连接的两个并列句，所以时态应保持一致。26? - Would you please me an eraser, Lucy?- Certainly. Here you are.A. borrowB. lendC. borrowedD. lent 答案
21、 B. 析 would you please其后接不带to的不定式即动词原形，而borrow为借入而lend为借出。27. Trees in spring.A. plantB. were plantedC. should be plantedD. should plant 答案 C.析 should用于一般现在时态中表示应该，而此句又是被动语态。28? - Wheres your father?- He to Paris.A. goB. goesC. wentD. has gone 答案 D. 析 has gone 是已去某处了，不在这里了。所以强调过去的动作影响到现在。29. - Must
22、I finish my homework in class now?- No, you . You can do it at home.A. mustntB. may notC. needntD. can 答案 C. 析 neednt表示没有必要一定要这样做。由must提问，肯定句用must，否定句用neednt.?30. Thank you very much for your book me.A. lending, toB. lent, toC. borrow, fromD. borrowing ,from 答案 A. 析 for是介词，要用动名词作介词宾语。31. The Great G
23、reen Wall will stop the wind from the earth away.A. blowingB. blowC. blowsD. to blow 答案 A. 析 stopfrom doing something. 阻止某人或某物作某事。32 The students will go to the West Hill Farm by bike, if it fine tomorrow.A. will beB. isC. shall beD. was 答案 B.33. Our teacher always tells us in the street. Its too da
24、ngerous.A. dont playB. not to playC. to playD. not play 答案 B. 析 不定式的否定式为not to do。34. English is a useful language. It widely in the world.A. is spokenB. was spokenC. can speakD. will speak 答案 A. 析 本句为被动语态。35. The kite is flying high in the sky. It a bird.A. looks atB. looks likeC. looks forD. looks
25、 after 答案 B. 析 look like 像，其中like 为介词。36. - Look! Whats Wang Ping doing over there?- She under a big tree.A. singsB. sangC. has sungD. is singing 答案 D.37. You see a doctor. Youve got a bad cold.A. willB. are going toC. had betterD. could 答案 C. 析 had better 最好，意为一种真心的劝告。?38. Your radio is too loud. W
26、ould you please ?A. turn down itB. turn it downC. to turn down itD. to turn it down 答案 B. 析 would you please 后面加动词原形。?39. Could you tell me if it tomorrow?A. rainsB. is rainingC. will rainD. rain 答案 C. 析 if从句是宾语从句，而不是状语从句。所以还是要用将来时，而不能用一般现在时表示将来。40. Suddenly one of the bags the truck and landed in t
27、he middle of the road.A. fell outB. fell downC. fell offD. will be? 答案 C. 析 fall off 掉落，与off有关的词组有? see off 送行 give off 散发 shut off 关闭 kick off 踢掉 turn off 关闭 get off 下车 jump off 跳下 show of 炫耀 take off 脱下 pay off 付清41. He at this school since two years ago.A. wasB. has beenC. isD. will be 答案 B. 析 si
28、nce引导的时间状语应与完成时相呼应。42. She doesnt know .A. when to do B. what to doC. how to doD. where to do 答案 B. 析 when, how, where均为疑问副词，而what为疑问代词，又因do是及物动词需要宾语。如用疑问副词时应为when to do it, how to do it, where to do it.43 Must older people to politely.A. speakB. spokenC. be spokeD. be spoken 答案 D. 析 这句话的主动语态应为People must speak politely to older people?对年龄较大的人讲话应有礼貌。44. Teachers usually ask their students loudly in class.A. to speakB. speakC. speaksD. spoke 答案 A. 析 ask somebody to do something 要求某人作某事。?45. - Where is Mr. Zhang?- Look! He on a big machine over
