1、 What kind of role do they play in the field of science? Do these achievements have anything in common? Match the inventions with their inventors below before you answer all these questions. 1. Archimedes, Ancient Greek （287-212 BC）, a mathematician.2. Charles Darwin, Britain （1808-1882）. The name o
2、f the book is Origin of Species.3. Thomas Newcomen, British （1663-1729）, an inventor of steam engine.4. Gregor Mendel, Czech, a botanist and geneticist.5. Marie Curie, Polish and French, a chemist and physicist.6. Thomas Edison, American, an inventor.7. Leonardo da Vinci, Italian, an artist.8. Sir H
3、umphry Davy, British, an inventor and chemist.9. Zhang Heng, ancient China, an inventor.10. Stepper Hawking, British, a physicist.II. Pre-reading Step IGet the students to discuss the questions on page 1 with their partners. Then ask the students to report their work. Encourage the students to expre
4、ss their different opinions. 1. What do you know about infectious diseases?Infectious diseases can be spread to other people. They have an unknown cause and need public health care to solve them. People may be exposed to infectious disease, so may animals, such as bird flu，AIDS, SARS are infectious
5、diseases. Infectious diseases are difficult to cure. 2. What do you know about cholera?Cholera is the illness caused by a bacterium called Vibrio cholerae. It infects peoples intestines（肠）, causing diarrhea and leg cramps （抽筋）.The most common cause of cholera is by someone eating food or drinking wa
6、ter that has been contaminated（污染） with the bacteria. Cholera can be mild（不严重的） or even without immediate symptoms（症状）, but a severe case can lead to death without immediately treatment.3. Do you know how to prove a new idea in scientific research?Anybody might come out with a new idea. But how do w
7、e prove it in scientific research? There are seven stages in examining a new idea in scientific research. And they can be put in the following order. What order would you put the seven in? Just guess.Find a problem Make up a question Think of a method Collect results Analyse the results Draw a concl
8、usion Repeat if necessaryIII. ReadingStep I Pre-reading1. Do you know John Snow?John Snow is a well-known doctor in the 19th century in London and he defeated “King Cholera”.2. Do you know what kind of disease is cholera?It is a kind of terrible disease caused by drinking dirty water and it caused a
9、 lot of deaths in the old times and it was very difficult to defeat.Lets get to know how Dr. John Snow defeated “King Cholera” in 1854 in London in this reading passage: Step II Skimming Read the passage and answer the questions.1. Who defeats “King Cholera“? （John Snow）2. What happened in 1854? （Ch
10、olera outbreak hit London.）3. How many people died in 10 days? （500）4. Why is there no death at No. 20 and 21 Broad Street as well as at No. 8 and 9 Cambridge Street?（These families had not drunk the water from the Broad Street pump.） （Optional）Skim the passage and find the information to complete t
11、he form below.WhoWhenWhatHowResultJohn Snow1854helping ordinary people exposed to choleraExamining the source of all water supplies and finding new methods of dealing with polluted waster“King Cholera” defeatedStep III ScanningRead the passage and number these events in the order that they happened.
12、 2 John Snow began to test two theories. 1 An outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854. 4 John Snow marked the deaths on a map. 7 He announced that the water carried the disease. 3 John Snow investigated two streets where the outbreak was very severe. 8 King Cholera was defeated. 5 He found that most
13、of the deaths were near a water pump. 6 He had the handle removed from the water pump.Step IV Main idea and correct stageRead the passage and put the correct stages into the reading about research into a disease.John Snow Defeats “King Cholera”ParagraphStagesGeneral ideas1Find a problem:What cause t
14、he cholera?The causes of cholera2Make up a question:Which is right?The correct or possible theory3Think of a method:Test two theoryCollect data on where people were ill and died and where they got their water4Collect results:Mark the deathPlot information on a map to find out where people died or di
15、d not die5Analyze the results:Find the resource of the waterLook into the water to see if that is the cause of the illness6Find supporting evidenceFind other evidences to confirm his conclusion7Draw a conclusionThe polluted dirty source of drinking water was to blame for the cause of the London chol
16、eraStep V Group discussionAnswer the questions （Finish exercise 2 on Page 3）1. John Snow believed Idea 2 was right. How did he finally prove it?（John Snow finally proved his idea because he found an outbreak that was clearly related to cholera, collected information and was able to tie cases outside
17、 the area to the polluted water.）2. Do you think John Snow would have solved this problem without the map? （No. The map helped John Snow organize his ideas. He was able to identify those households that had had many deaths and check their water-drinking habits. He identified those houses that had ha
18、d no deaths and surveyed their drinking habits. The evidence clearly pointed to the polluted water being the cause.）3. Cholera is a 19th century disease. What disease do you think is similar to cholera today? （Two diseases, which are similar today, are SARS and AIDS because they are both serious, ha
19、ve an unknown cause and need public health care to solve them.）Step VI Using the stages for scientific research and write a summary.Period 2&3 Language focusStep I Warming up1. characteristic 1 n. a quality or feature of sth. or someone that is typical of them and easy to recongnize.特征；特性 What chara
20、cteristics distinguish the Americans from the Canadians. a. very typical of a particular thing or of someones characer 典型性的， Such bluntness is characteristic of him.Windy days are characteristic of March. 辨析characteristic与character characteristic是可数名词，意为“与众不同的特征“character表示（个人、集体、民族特有的）“性格、品质”，还意为“人
21、物；文字”What you know about him isnt his real character.2. put forward: to state an idea or opinion, or to suggest a plan or person, for other people to consider提出 He put forward a new theory. The foreigners have put forward a proposal for a joint venture.An interesting suggestion for measuring the atm
22、osphere around Mars has been put forward. put on穿上;戴上;增加 put out熄灭（灯）;扑灭 （火） put up with忍受 put down写下来;放下； put off 耽误; 延期 put up建立; 建造, put up举起，搭建，粘贴3. analyze: to examine or think about something carefully in order to understand it vt.分析结果、检讨、细察 A computer analyses the photographs sent by the sate
23、llite.The earthquake expert tried to analyze the cause of the earthquake occurred on May 12,2008. Lets analyze the problem and see what went wrong. He analyzed the food and found that it contained poison. We must try to analyze the causes of the strike. analysis n.分析，解析，分解4. conclude: decide that st
24、h. is true after considering al the information you have 得出结论；推论出 to end sth. such as a meeting or speech by doing or saying one final thing vt. & vi结束，终止； We concluded the meeting at 8 oclock with a prayer. From his appearance we may safely conclude that he is a heavy smoker. What do you conclude f
25、rom these facts? We conclude to go out / that we would go out.conclusion n.结论 arrive at a conclusion; come to a conclusion; draw a conclusion; reach a conclusion What conclusion did you come to / reach / draw / arrive at? From these facts we can draw some conclusions about how the pyramids were buil
26、t.Step 2 Reading1. defeat vt. to win a victory over someone in a war, competition, game etc.打败，战胜，使受挫Ive tried to solve the problem, but it defeats me!Our team defeated theirs in the game. n.失败，输 failure to win or succeedThis means admitting defeat.They have got six victories and two defeats.辨析win,
27、beat与defeat win “赢得”赛事、战事、某物；后接人时，意为“争取赢得的好感或支持；说服” beat “战胜”“击败”比赛中的对手，可与defeat互换We beat / defeated their team by 10 scores.They won the battle but lost many men.The local ball team won the state championship by beating / defeating all the other teams.I can easily beat /defeat him at golf.He is training hard to win the race and realize his dream of becoming a champion at the 2008 Olympic Games.2. expert n. someone who has a special skill or special knowledge of a subject专家，能手 an expert in psychology an agricultural expert
