1、高中英语高考语法复习专题教案高中英语高考语法复习专题教案目录:第01章名词性从句第02章“It”用法及其句型和固定搭配讲解第03章高中英语语法中的省略现象第04章主谓一致第05章动词不定式第06章倒装结构第07章定语从句第08章被动语态第09章祈使句第10章感叹句第11章疑问句第12章名词第一章名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。一.主语从句主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,
2、通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。1.It作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较It作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如:a It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film.你不去看那场电影真可惜。b It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not.我对你成功与否不感兴趣。c It is in the mo
3、rning that the murder took place.谋杀案是在早上发生的。(强调句型d It is John that broke the window.是John打碎的窗户。(强调句型2.用it作形式主语的结构(1 It is+名词+从句It is a fact that事实是It is an honor that非常荣幸It is common knowledge that是常识(2 It is+形容词+从句It is natural that很自然It is strange that奇怪的是(3 It is+不及物动词+从句It seems that似乎It happene
4、d that碰巧It appears that似乎(4 It+过去分词+从句It is reported that据报道It has been proved that已证实It is said that据说3.主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况:(1if引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。(2It is said/reported结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如:正确表达:It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week.错误表达:That President Jiang will visit our school next
5、 week is said.(3It happens/occurs结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如:正确表达:It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.错误表达:That he failed in the examination occurred to him.(4It doesnt matter how/whether结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如:正确表达:It doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not.错误表达:Whether he is wrong or not doesnt matt
6、er.(5含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主语从句不可提前。例如:正确表达:Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?错误表达:Is that will rain in the evening likely?4.what与that在引导主语从句时的区别what引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语.宾语.表语,而that则不然。例如:a What you said yesterday is right.b That she is still alive is a consolation二.宾语从句宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句
7、,通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词或介词之后。1.作动词的宾语(1由that引导的宾语从句(that通常可以省略,例如:I heard that be joined the army.我听说他参军了。(2由what,whether(if引导的宾语从句,例如:a She did not know what had happened.她不知道发生了什么。b I wonder whether you can change this note for me.我想知道你是否能帮我改一下笔记。(3动词+间接宾语+宾语从句。例如:She told me that she would accept my inv
8、itation.她对我说她会接受我的邀请。2.作介词的宾语,例如:Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.我们的成功取决于我们之间的合作。3.作形容词的宾语,例如:I am afraid(that Ive made a mistake.我恐怕我已经犯了一个错误。注意:that引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语:anxious,aware,certain,confident,convinced,determined,glad,proud,surprised,worried,sorry,thankful
9、,ashamed,disappointed,annoyed,pleased,hurt,satisfied,content等。也可以将此类词后的that从句的看作原因状语从句。4.it可以作为形式宾语it不仅可以作为形式主语,还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that从句则放在句尾,特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。例如:We heard it that she would get married next month.我听说她下个朋就会结婚了。5.后边不能直接跟that从句的动词这类动词有allow,refuse,let,like,cause,force,admire,condemn,celebrate
10、,dislike,love,help,take,forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语,但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。如:正确表达:I admire their winning the match.错误表达:I admire that they won the match.6.不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词有些动词不可用于“动词+间接宾语+that从句“结构中,常见的有envy,order,accuse,refuse,impress,forgive,blame,denounce,advise,congratulate等。例如:正确表达:He impressed the m
11、anager as an honest man.错误表达:He impressed the manager that he was an honest man.7.否定的转移若主句谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,imagine等,其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。例如:I dont think this dress fits you well.我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。三.表语从句表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语+连系动词+表语从句”
12、。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be,look,remain,seem等。引导表语从句的that常可省略。另外,常用的还有the reason is that和It is because等结构。例如:1 The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.2 This is why we cant get t he support of the people.3 But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.4 The reason
13、he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.四.同位语从句同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。1.同位语从句的功能同位语从句对于名词进一步解释,说明名词的具体内容,一般由that引导,例如:1 T he kings decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.2 The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.2.同位语在
14、句子中的位置同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面,而是被别的词隔开。例如:He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.3.同位语从句与定语从句的区别(1定语从句中的that既代替先行词,同时以在从句中作某个成分(主语或宾语,而同位语从句中的that是连词,只起连接主句与从句的作用,不充当句中任何成分。(2定语从句是形容词性的,其功能是修饰先行词,对先行词加以限定,描述定的性质或特征;同位语从句是名词性的,其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如:1 The news that he told me is that
15、Tom would go abroad next year.(他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。(第一个that引导的从句是定语从句,that在从句中作宾语2The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.(汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。(同位语从句,that在句中不作任何成分高一英语名词性从句专项练习1._he does has nothing to do with me.A.whateverB.No matter whatC.ThatD.If2.The manager came over and asked the customer how_A.
16、did the quarrel came about B.the quarrel had come aboutC.had the quarrel come aboutD.had the quarrel come about3.Energy is_makes thing work.A.whatB.somethingC.anythingD.that4.Information has been put forward_more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.A.whileB.thatC.whenD.as5.Thi
17、s is_the Shenzhou V Spaceship landed.A.thereB.in whichC.whereD.when6.They have no idea at all_.A.where he has goneB.where did he goC.which place has he goneD.where has he gone7.The doctor did a lot to reduce the patients fear_he would die of the disease.A.thatB.whichC.of whichD.of that8.The order ca
18、me_the soldiers_the small village the next morning.A.that;had to leaveB.that;should leaveC./;must leaveD.when;should leave9._is no possibility_Bob can win the first prize in the match.A.There;thatB.It;thatC.there;whetherD.It;whether10.The question came up at the meeting_we had enough money for our r
19、esearch.A.thatB.whichC.whetherD.if11.Is_he said really true?A.thatB.whatC.whyD.whether12._the meeting should last two days or three days doesnt matter.A.ThatB.WhetherC.IfD.Where13.It worried her a bit_her hair was turning gray.A.whileB.ifC.thatD.for14.?_more countries can use natural energy in the f
20、uture remains to be seen.A.WhetherB.ThisC.whoD.If15._he will go to work in a mountain village surprises all of us.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhetherD.If16._you dont like him is none of m y business.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhoD.How17._all the inventions have in common is_they have succeeded.A.What;whatB.That;thatC.what;tha
21、tD.That;what18._appeared to me that he enjoyed the food very much.A.WhatB.ItC.All thatD.That19.It is widely_that smoking can cause cancer.A.believedB.thinkC.sayD.hoped20._caused the accident is still a complete mystery.A.WhatB.ThatC.HowD.WhereKeys:15 ABABC 610 AABAC 1115 BBCAB 1620 BCBAA第二章“It”用法及其句
22、型和固定搭配讲解It用法及其句型和固定搭配,是高中英语语法的重点、难点,又是近几年高考的热点,因此应给予充分的重视,现将it用法归纳如下:一、It用作实词表达以下概念:指代前文提到的事物,前文中的this,that;替代前文中的内容;指代一位性别不明的小孩或未知的人;指代未指明但谈话双方都知道的那件事;指代时间、天气、气候、距离等自然现象二、It用作形式主语替代作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词,而把真正作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。It作形式主语的常见句型:1.代作主语的动词不定式,其句型为(1 It be adj.(for sb.to do sth.此处adj.通常为描述事件的形
23、容词:easy,difficult,hard,necessary,unnecessary,possible,impossible,likely,unlikely,right,wrong,important,unimportant,legal,illegal,well-mannered,ill-mannered,polite,impolite,clear,obvious,certain,suitable,proper,fit,useful,useless,dangerous例It is illegal(for a teenager to drive a car without a license
24、.(2 It be adj.of sb.to do sth.此处adj.通常为描述人的形容词:kind,unkind,nice,rude,cruel,considerate,thoughtful,thoughtless,careful,careless,silly,foolish,stupid,clever,wise,crazy.例Its kind of you to help me with the problem.(3 It替代作主语的动名词的常见句型Its no good/use doingIts(wellworth doingIts(wellworth ones while doing
25、/to doIts(wellworth while doing/to do例Its no use crying over spilt milk.2.It替代作主语的从句常见句型(1 It is+noun+从句例It is no secret that the president wants to have a second term at office.(2 It is adj.+clauseIts surprising that(should竟然Its a pity/shame that(should竟然例Its important that you should apologize to
26、her for your rudeness.(=Its of much importance that you should apologize to her for your rudeness.(3 It verb sb.+clause=It is v-ing+clauseIt+surprise/delight/interest/disappoint/worry/disturb/annoy/amaze/bother/concern/frighten/please/anger sb.that例It worried me that she drove so fast.(=It was worry
27、ing that she drove so fast.(4 It verb(to sb.that=sb/sth verb to do(verb=appear,seem,come about,emerge,follow,chance,happen,occur,transpire,turn out,work out例It(so happened/chanced that they were out.(=They happened/chanced to be out.(5 It is v-ed that=sb/sth is to do(verb=say,report,think,believe,ho
28、pe,expect,agree,accept,decide,determine,intend,plan,understand,know例It is said that the couple have gotten divorced.(=The couple are said to have gotten divorced.(6 It is v-ed that(should(verb=demand,request,require,order,suggest,advise,recommend例It is suggested that they should begin with the third
29、 question.三、It作主语的句型1.It takes sb.to do(=sb takesto do某人用多长时间做某事例It took the men a week to mend our roof.(=The men took a week to mend our roof.2.Its(just(unlike sb.to do(不像某人做某事的风格例It was(just like him to think of helping us.3.Its(about/high time thatshould/v-ed是该做某事的时候了例Its(about/high time that we
30、 should take action.4.Its the x-th time(thathave v-ed第几次做某事了例Its the third time that he has failed the driving test.5.It is/has beensincecontinuous v-ed(延续性动词某动作已有多长时间不发生了例Its 10 years that he lived here6.It was(notbefore过(不了多长时间某动作发生了例It was not long before they arrived.四、It作形式宾语用来替代作宾语的从句、动词不定式、动名词,而把真正作宾语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。It作形式宾语的常见句型:1.verb+it+adj./noun(for/of to do/clause(verb=think,believe,suppose,consider,feel,make,keep例I think it hard for you to do the task on your own./I think it hard that youll do the task on your own.2.verb+it+adj./noun(ones doing(adj.=useless/worth/worth
