1、人教版初中英语七年级下册Unit7SectionB教材全解Unit 7 Its raining!Unit 7 Section B教材全解1.1a dry干燥的1bHows the weather in picture d?图片d中的天气怎么样？Its dry.天气干燥。【重点注释】dry形容词，意思是“干燥的”，其反义词为wet或humidhju:md，意为“湿的；潮湿的”。例如：Winters are cold and dry here.这里的冬天是寒冷干燥的。This coat will keep you dry in the rain.这件外套将使你在雨中不被淋湿。In the east
2、, the air is humid in summer.在东方，夏季空气潮湿。【拓展记忆】1）dry可用作及物动词，意为“使干燥；弄干”。例如：Dont cry.Dry your eyes.别哭了！擦干眼泪。Dry your hands on this towel.用这条毛巾把手擦干。2）dry可用作不及物动词，意为“变干”。例如：The wet clothes will soon dry in the sun.湿衣服在阳光下很快就会干。2.cold冷的；寒冷的【重点注释】cold形容词，意为“冷的；寒冷的”。例如：Its cold in winter.冬天天气冷。cold的反义词是hot，
3、意为“炎热的”“辣的”。 hot food辣味食品。【辨析记忆】cold与coolcold作形容词时，意为“寒冷的”，其反义词是hot（炎热的）。作名词时，意为“伤风，感冒”。have/catch a （bad） cold患（重）感冒Its a cold winter.这是一个寒冷的冬天。She is in bed with a cold.她因感冒而卧床。cool作形容词时，意为“凉爽的”，反义词warm(暖和的)。作为流行语，意为“酷的，绝妙的”，用来赞美人、物或事。Its very cool today.今天天气很凉爽。I like Liu Qian.He is very cool.我喜欢
4、刘谦。他太酷了。【图形辩异】 【归类记忆】1）本单元描述天气的形容词小结：rainy下雨的；snowy下雪的；windy有风的；cloudy阴天的，多云的；sunny/fine晴朗的；dry干燥的；cool凉爽的；cold寒冷的；hot炎热的；warm暖和的；wet/humid潮湿的；foggy多雾的。以上形容词，常常和系动词连用作表语，或作定语修饰名词。2）雨、雪下得大用hard，heavy或heavily；风刮得大用strong，strongly。例如：It rans/snows hard/heavily.雨/雪下得大。The wind blows strongly.风刮得很猛。a har
5、d/heavy rain/sonw一场大雨/雪。a strong wind一股大风。3.Im having a great time visiting my aunt in Canada.我正在加拿大愉快地看望我的姑妈。（我正在加拿大看望我的姑妈，我玩得很开心。）【重点注释】have a good/great/wonderful time (in)doing sth.=have fun (in)doing sth.=enjoy oneself (in)doing sth.oneself要随主语的变化而变化，意为“愉快地做某事；做某事很开心”。例如：We often have a great t
6、ime (in) playing basketball after school.我们经常放学后愉快地打篮球。We had a good time (in) playing tennis.我们打网球打得很开心。Trust me, youll have fun playing the piano.相信我吧，弹钢琴将会使你快乐。I had a good time talking with you.和你谈话很开心。He always enjoys himself making fun of others.他总是喜欢以开别人的玩笑来取乐。Einstein enjoyed himself playing
7、 his violin in his simple home.爱因斯坦在他那简朴的家里拉小提琴消遣。【拓展记忆】have a hard/difficult time(in) doing sth.= have trouble (in)doing sth.做某事有困难。例如：Im afraid I have a hard time believing his stories.恐怕我很难相信他的故事。visit此处用作及物动词，意为“拜访；探望”，后接表示人的名词或代词。visit还可意为“参观；游览”，后接表示地点的名词。visit sb.拜访某人。visit sw.参观某地。例如：I visit
8、 my grandparents every year at Christmas.我每年圣诞节都去看望我的祖父母。He wants to visit his brother in Worcester.他想去看望住在伍斯特的哥哥。I want to visit Beijing.我想要游览北京。Caroline visits all the big stores.卡洛琳光顾了所有的大型商店。【拓展记忆】1）visit还可用作名词，意为“访问，参观，拜访”。例如：This is my first visit to China.这是我第一次访问中国。We are on a visit to Beiji
9、ng.我们正在参观北京。（be on a visit to=be visiting表示动作正在进行，是一种正在参观的状态。They are on a visit to England.=They are visiting England. 他们正在访问/参观英国。）You should pay a visit to him/the school.你应该去探望他一下/参观一下这个学校。（pay a visit tosb./sw.访问/拜访/参观某人/某地）2）visitor名词，意为“参观者；旅游者，游客”。例如：There are many visitors in this city.这个城市
10、有很多游客。We have five visitors today.今天我们来了五个访问者。【试题链接】More and more people would like to go on vacation abroad.They should remember to be with good manners.A.visitors B.players C.volunteers （题意：越来越多的人想去国外度假，他们应该牢记要做一个有礼貌的游客。visitors“游客”；players“运动员”；volunteers“自愿者”。根据题意，答案：A）4.Shes working here and Im
11、 going to summer school.她在这里上班，而我在上暑期学习班。【重点注释】sunmer school表面意思“夏天学校”，实际意思是“夏季学校；暑假培训学校；暑期学校”，summer是名词，意思是“夏天”，作名词school的定语。summer holidays暑假。winter holidays寒假。【拓展记忆】1）名词作定语时，一般用单数形式，但在个别情况下也有用复数的。例如：sports meeting运动会。【注意】被修饰的名词变复数时，一般情况下，作定语用的名词不需要变为复数形式，但由man或woman作定语修饰的名词变成复数时，两部分皆要变为复数形式。man d
12、octormen doctors男医生 woman singerwomen singers女歌手。2）in summer/winter在夏季（天）/冬季（天）。in spring/autumn(fall)在春季（天）/秋季（天）。例如：But its too hot in summer.但是夏天天气很热。5.Im also visiting some of my old friends.我也在拜访我的一些老朋友。【重点注释】some of意为“中的一些，一些”表示复数概念（但后跟不可数名词，当单数用）；of后可接代词宾格形式，如some of us,some of you；of后也可接名词，接
13、名词时，可数名词常用复数，不可数名词当然没有复数形式，而且名词前通常有定冠词、指示代词或形容词性物主代词修饰，如some of the/these/my books,some of the water。例如：Some of them are happy.他们当中有一些人是幸福的。Some of us are girls,some are boys.我们中有些是女孩，有些是男孩。Some of the/these apples are green.这些苹果中的一些是绿色的。Some of my friends are from Beijing.我的一些朋友来自北京。【拓展记忆】some可用作形容
14、词修饰名词，也可用作代词单独使用。例如：Would you like some apples?你想要些苹果吗？OK,give me some.好吧，给我一些。6.Im so happy to see them again.我很高兴再次见到他们。【重点注释】be (very/so) happy/glad to do sth.意为“（很/那么）高兴做某事；做某事（很/那么）高兴”，对应短语be (very/so) sorry to do sth.意为“（很/那么）难过/抱歉做某事；做某事（很/那么）难过/抱歉”。例如：He will be happy to see you.他看见你会高兴的。Im
15、happy to hear the news.我很高兴听到这个消息。Im happy to do it for you.我很高兴为你们做这件事。Im sorry to hear that.听说那个事我很难过。Im sorry to keep you waiting so long.我很抱歉让你久等。7.Its afternoon right now,and Im sitting by the pool and drinking orange juice.现在是下午，我正坐在游泳池边喝着橙汁。【重点注释】right now意为“现在；立即；马上”，基本上可以当now一样用，常与一般现在时或现在进
16、行时连用，但是right now更强调“就在此刻”。例如： We are playing volleyball on the playground right now.现在我们正在操场上打排球。The doctor is busy right now.医生此刻正忙着。Do it right now!现在就做！Please stop right now.请立即停下来。by=near to=beside介词，意为“在旁边；靠近”，相当于by the side of。例如：There is an old big tree by/by the side of the river.河边有一棵古老的大树。
17、The children are playing by the village.孩子们正在村边玩耍。Our teacher is sitting by the window.我们的老师正坐在窗户旁边。Stand by me!站到我的身旁来！We spent our holiday by the sea. 我们在海边度假。【拓展记忆】by的其他用法：1）表示“用某种方法”或“用某种手段”，意为“用；靠；凭借；利用”。例如： I know it by heart.我把它记在心头。They can read by touch.他们可以通过手摸来阅读。By getting up early, I ca
18、n have an hour for reading English in the morning. 靠起得早，我每天早晨有一小时时间阅读英语。2）by oneself意为“独自地”。例如：I learn Japanese by myself.我自学日语。The mother cant leave the baby at home by himself.这位母亲不能把婴儿独自留在家里。3）表示时间，意为“在之前；不迟于”，相当于not later than。例如：The work can be finished by noon.中午之前能完成工作。I shall be back by 5 oc
19、lock.最迟五点我一定回来。How many English parties had you had by the end of last term? 到上学期末，你们举行了几次英语晚会？4）“by+交通工具名词”表示“乘坐”。例如：I usually go to school by bike.我通常骑自行车去上学。We often go to Jinan by bus.我们常常乘汽车去济南。The man came by bus. 那人是坐公共汽车来的。They went to Shanghai by air. 他们坐飞机去上海。4）表示“依据，根据”。例如：Whats the time/
20、What time is it by your watch?你的表几点了？By my watch,it is 8 oclock now.我的表是八点。5) 介词“经过，通过，沿着” ，相当于past；through；along；over。例如：He walked by me without speaking. 他走过我的身旁，没有说话。My brother goes by the building every day. 我弟弟每天从这楼旁走过。We came through the fields, not by the road. 我们是穿过田野而不是沿那条路来的。I want to send
21、 a letter by post.我想通过邮局寄信。6）by the way表示“顺便说一下，顺便问一下”。例如：By the way,what time is it by your watch?顺便问一下，你的表几点了？juice不可数名词，意为“果汁，饮料”，drink orange juice喝橙汁。例如：I like apple juice.我喜欢苹果汁。Please give me some juice.请给我一些果汁。8.See you soon.再见，回头见，一会儿见。【重点注释】此句是暂时分别用语。如果有人和你说see you soon的话,你应该回答：see you, 或者
22、see you soon,see you then(如果约好时间的话)。类似说法：see you tomorrow明天见,see you later待会儿见，see you next time下次见。【拓展记忆】See you 是See you later的简单说法,口语中常用,意思是“回头见、一会儿见”的意思。它与Good-bye的区别在于它有预见性，说话者知道要不多久还与对方见面的，而Good-bye就没有预见性，见不见不一定，只是一种客气用语。soon副词，意为“很快，立刻”。常和一般将来时连用。例如：She will be back soon.她马上就会回来。Please hand i
23、n your homework soon.请尽快把你的作业交上。It will soon be Christmas. 圣诞节很快就要到了。Ill come back soon. 我不久就会回来的。【辨析记忆】soon，quickly和fastsoon指（时间上）不久的将来将发生某个动作或某种情况Please call me soon.请尽快给我打电话。quickly指动作反应敏捷或完成得快，具有即可行动、毫不耽搁之意He quickly got up and went on running.他迅速起来，继续跑。fast侧重于运动速度之快He runs fast.他跑得快。9.Are you s
24、tudying hard,or are you having fun?你正在努力学习，还是在痛快地玩？【重点注释】hard副词，意为“努力地；辛苦地”。还可以意为“猛烈地；重重地”，相当于heavily。work hard意为“努力学习；努力工作”。例如：Mary is working hard at her English.玛丽在努力学习英语。Ill work hard.I dont want to let him down.我会努力工作。我不想让他失望。Its raining hard.雨下得很大。【拓展记忆】hard还可用作形容词，意为“困难的，费力的，坚硬的，艰难的”。hard在不同的
25、句子中意思不同。例如：Thats a hard question.那是个很难的问题。The apple is too high.Its hard to reach.那个苹果长得太高，很难伸手够到。The Brazil nut has a very hard shell.巴西果有很坚硬的外壳。The chair is too hard.I dont like it.这把椅子太硬了，我不喜欢。He has a very hard life.他的日子过得很艰难。He lives a hard life.他的生活很艰辛。10.My family and I are on a vacation in t
26、he mountains.我和我的家人正在山里度假。【重点注释】My family and I句中，and连接两个并列主语，谓语动词用复数。例如：Tom and Jim went to London yesterday.汤姆和吉姆昨天去了伦敦。Zhang Tao and I are both students.张涛和我都是学生。但当and连接的并列主语是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时，则两个名词共用一个冠词，谓语动词必须用单数。例如：The writer and teacher is coming.那位作家兼教师要来。The singer and teacher is her friend.这
27、位歌手兼教师是她的朋友。Bread and butter is her favourite food.黄油面包是她最喜欢吃的食物。【拓展记忆】英语句子中，多人称代词排序方法：单数人称代词，通常按“二三一”排列，即you,he and I/you,him and me；复数人称代词，通常按“一二三”排列，即 we,you and they/us,you and them。例如：You,he and I are of the same age. 你，他和我都是同一年龄。We, you and they are all good citizens. 我们，你们和他们都是好公民。但若是用于承担责任或错
28、误等场合，则可把第一人称 I 置于其他人称代词之前。例如：I and Tom are to blame. 我和汤姆该受批评。比较：Tom and I hope to go there. 汤姆和我想去那儿。但是，you and I/you and me是固定结构，语序通常不宜颠倒。vacation名词，意为“假期”， on(a) vacation= on (a)holiday“在度假，在休假”。summer vacation/holidays“暑假”。winter vacation/holidays寒假。(be) on(a) vacation=(be) on (a)holiday“在度假，在休假
29、”。go on a vacation“去度假”。have/take a vacation“度假；休假”。例如：Are you on a vacation?你是在度假吗？No,Im on a vacation to see the famous three gorges.不，我休假去著名的三峡旅游。I want to go on a vacation.我想要去度假。Mr. Green wants to go on a beach vacation.格林先生想要进行一次沙滩度假。【辨析记忆】vacation，holiday与festivalvacation“假期”，指放下工作和学习的一段较长的休息
30、时间，常可用holidays替换They are in Beijing on vacation.他们正在北京度假。holiday“假日，休息日”，主要指风俗习惯或法律规定的纪念日或休息日。在英国英语中，其复数形式可表示延续一段时间的“假期”，美国英语则习惯用单数。The Fourth of July is a national holiday of the US.7月4日是美国国庆节。festival“节日”，指具有悠久历史传统的节日或持续一段时间的文娱活动。Spring Festival春节/ the Mid-Autumn Festival（the Moon Festival）中秋节/ Dr
31、angon Boat Festival龙舟节，端午节Christmas is one of the major festivals in the United States of America. 圣诞节是美国的主要节日之一。mountain意为“山脉”。例如：I even saw the mountains around the city.我甚至看到了围绕城市的群山。【比较记忆】mountain与hillmountain意思是“山，山岳”，其复数形式mountains常表示“山脉”，通常指比hill大或陡峭的高山Its the highest mountain in the world.它是
32、世界上最高的山。The city lies in a valley with high mountains all around it .城市坐落在高山环抱的山谷中。hill意思是“小山，丘岭”，通常指比mountain小的山They are climbing the hill .他们正在爬山。The house stands on the top of the hill. 房子位于山顶上。11.I want to call you but my phone isnt working ,so Im writing to you.我想给你打电话，但电话不好用，所以我就给你写信。【重点注释】want to do sth. = would like
