1、 六大时态概念时间状语基本结构否定形式一般疑问句一般现在时经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。often, usually, always, sometimes, every day(week, month),once a week, on Mondays, 等1.主语+系动词be+表语2.主语+行为动词+其它主+am/is/are+not+表现在进行时表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作或状态。Look!listen !now, at this time, at the momentthese days, 等am/ is/ are +doingam/ is/ are +not +doin
2、g 一般过去时过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态； 过去 习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。ago, yesterday, last week(month, year), in 2000, just now, one day, long long ago, 等1. was/were2.行为动词过去式1.was/were+ not2. 在行为动词前加do在其前加didnt，同时还原行为动词。一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态tomorrow, next., in +时间段（多少时间之后）,one day ,some day , at once , how soon 等1. am /is /are g
3、oing to do 2.will do 3.shall do 4.am/is/are doing1.am /is /are not going to do 2.wont do (will not do)3.shall not do 4.am/is/are not doing1.把be放于句首。2.把will 提前3.把shall 提前4.把be放于句首过去进行时表示在过去某个具体的时间点或时间段发生的动作或存在的状态 When ,while ,at night last night ,from eight to ten last night at this time yesterday ,
4、at that time last .等Was/were doingWas not doing Were not doing 把be 放于句首现在完成时表示过去发生动作对现在造成的影响；表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，并可能还要延续 for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years Have/has doneHave/has not doneHave/has放于句首一般现在时【时间状语】总经常有每没复星周 _动词原形到动词三单的变化 【动词变化规则】1. 一般在动词结尾
5、直接加s e. g.swim - swims run - runs2. 以s, x, ch, sh, o结尾的动词加es; 如果词尾已有e, 直接加s eg.guess - guesses watch - watches go - goes do - does3. 以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词, 变y为i后, 加es e. g. study - studies try - tries fly - flies随堂练习：（一）用动词适当形式填空：1. My mother often tells me _ in beD. (not read) 2. It _ me two days to write
6、 the article. (花费) 3. Its cold outside, so youd better _ your coat. (穿上) 4.How （do） he usually （get） there?（二）句型转换： 1. We are in the same class. （改为一般疑问句） 2. She sometimes washes clothes on the weekend.(改为否定句和一般疑问句)否定句： 一般疑问句： 3. I see him drinking some milk at home .(变否定句) 一般过去时【时间标志性词】 昨天上个*前，in+时
7、间when字连_【动词变化规则】规则动词过去式的变化规律1一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked2结尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted3末尾是辅音字母加一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed， 如：stop-stopped4以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i， 再加-ed，如：study-studied随堂练习1. Last night we _ back home until the teacher left school. (not go) 2. Do you remember _ the film last y
8、ear? (see) 3. Im sorry youve missed the last bus. It _ ten minutes ago. (leave) 现在进行时时间标志：现在时刻看和听，最近在哪请安静！_【动词变化规则】 1.直接+ ing(例：sleep+ing sleeping) 2.去e+ing(例：bite-e+ing biting) 3.重读闭音节，且末尾只有1个辅音字母，双写辅音字母+ing(例：sit+t+ing sitting)随堂练习 1. _ come beef! (随便吃点) 2. I didnt remember _ her the book before.
9、(give) 3. Cant you see Im busy _? (cook)一般将来时 结构：(1) be going to do: am /is /are going to do (2) will do ( 3) shall do (4)be doing: am/is/are doing时间标志词明天下个*后，in+时间when字连 _tomorrow, next., in +时间段（多少时间之后）,one day ,some day , at once , how soon 等区别： （1） be going to 与will 1. be going to 表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情
10、，will 表示的将来时间则较远一些，如：He is going to write a letter tonight. He will write a book one day. 2. be going to表示根据主观判断将来绝对发生的事情， will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。 如：He is seriously ill. He is going to die. He will be twenty years old.3. be going to含有“打算，准备”的意思，而will则没有这个意思，如：She is going to lend us her book. He will be
11、 here in half an hour.注意：There be 句型的be going to 结构为：There is / are going to be. (注意句型中going to 后面的be不能改为have。) 常用来表示将有某事发生。练习：There _ a sports meeting in our school next week,A.will be going to be B.is going to have C.will have D.is going to be (2) be doingam/is/are doing用现在进行时来表示一般将来时表示按计划或安排要发生的动
12、作,有准 备；打算的意思Eg: We are having a class meeting this afternoon.注意： come, go, arrive，leave,等表示位置移动的动词常用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作，它们很少与be going to 结构连用。例如： Miss Sun is coming tonight.今晚孙小姐要来。 We are going to Beijing next week(3) Shall do shall do 一般与第一人称（I、we)使用，常用于提建议的句型中：Shall I/we go to the park?过去进行时标志词：1.when
13、/while 2.at+ 点钟 +yesterday (last night / Sunday ) 3.at this/that time, 4.at this/that time yesterday (last night/Sunday/week ), 5. the whole morning, all day , from nine to ten, while等。例如：I was making fruit salad at this time. They were studying from 8:00 to 11:00 yesterday.when 和while的用法区别when既指时间点
14、，也可指一段时间。因此when在状语从句中的动词可以终止性动词，也可以是延续性动词 while只指一段时间。while从句中的动词必须是延续性动词。when说明从句的动作和主句的动作可以是同时，也可以是先后生；while 则强调主句的动作在从句动作的发生的过程中或主从句两个动作同时发生。 when引导的时间状语从句。后用一般过去时。While后面一般用过去进行时。如果从句和主句的动作同时发生，两句都用过去进行时的时候，多用while引导，a.When the teacher came in, we were talking.=While we were talking, the teacher
15、 came in. b.They were singing while we were dancing. 过去进行时与一般过去时的区别 （1） 过去进行时强调动作在过去某时刻正在进行或持续，而一般过去时表示动作的完成。如： He was writing his composition last night. 他昨晚在写作文。（不一定写完） He wrote his composition last night. 他昨晚写了一篇作文。（已经写完）现在完成时1、表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与already,yet,ever,never,just，before等词连用。Eg
16、. Haveyouevercookedathome?你吃晚饭了吗？2、表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，并可能还要延续。往往和表示一段时间的时间壮语连用，常用的有：for一段时间；since+过去时间点或从句。（Since用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度），提问用Howlong.例如：Ithasbeenfiveyearssincehejoinedthearmy.他参军五年了。3、现在完成时需注意的问题：1表示短暂性的动词不能与表示一段时间的壮语连用appear,begin,borrow,lend,buy,close,come,die,fall,find,finish
17、,join,kill,leave,sell,stop等。例如：Hehasjoinedthearmyforfiveyears.（错误）注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。（错）Ihavereceivedhisletterforamonth.（对）Ihaventreceivedhisletterforalmostamonth.2不能和明确的过去时间状语连用，如：yesterday,lastweek,in1998,twodaysago等。3.比较一般过去时与现在完成时一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或状态，强调动作，不和现在发生联系，常与具体的过
18、去时间状语连用，如yesterday,lastweek，ago,in1980,inOctober,justnow等，现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的现在的情况，不能与表过去的时间壮语连用。常见终止性动词与延续性动词(或状态动词)的对应关系如下:come/go/arrive/get/reach/move-bein/atopen-beopendie-bedeadclose-beclosedbecome-beborrow-keepputon-wearbuy-haveleave-beaway(from)begin/start-beonfallasleep-beasleep
19、end/finish-beovercatchacold-haveacoldjointhearmy-beinthearmy,beasoldierjointheParty-beintheParty,beaPartymember如：吉姆买这支已有两年了Jimboughtthispentwoyearsago.Jimhashadthispenfortwoyears.Jimhashadthispensincetwoyearsago.Jimhashadthispensince2007ItistwoyearssinceJimboughtthispen.4. .在表示“最近几世纪/年/月以来”时间状语中，谓语动
20、词用现在完成。inthepastfewyears/months/weeks/days；overthepastfewyears;duringthelastthreemonths;forthelastfewcenturies,throughcenturies;throughouthistory等5. 表示“第几次做某事，”或在“Itisthebest(worst,mostinteresting)+名词that”后面跟现在完成时。ThisismyfirsttimethatIhavevisitedChina.ThisisthemostinterestingfilmIhaveeverseen.6.hav
21、e/hasbeento+地点意为“曾去过某地”，暗含目前已不在该地，仅表示当事人的一种经历而已。have/hasgoneto+地点“到了某地去了”，暗含“已离开原地去了某地”之意，但是否到达了某地尚不确定。如：HehasgonetoShanghai.他去了上海。HehasbeentoShanghai.他去过了上海。随堂练习： 1 He has _ been to Shanghai, has he ?. already .never .ever . Still 2 The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year . is writing
22、 .was writing .wrote .has written 3 Have you met Mr Li _？. just . ago .before . a moment ago 4Our country _ a lot so far .Yes . I hope it will be even _ . has changed ; well . changed ; good C. has changed ; better . changed ; better 5 Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes . has begun . had begun. ha
23、s been on . began 6 Miss Green isnt in the office . she_ to the library .has gone . went .will go . has been 7 His father _ the Party since 1978 . joined . has joined . was in . has been in 8 My parents _ Shandong for ten years . have been in . have been to. have gone to . have been 根据所给提示填词1. He _
24、back a month ago. (come)2. Its a great shame for me _ in front of so many people. (laugh at) 3. I must take it back the day after tomorrow. You can only _ it for 24 hours. (保存)4. Why have you kept me _ here for so long a time? (wait)5. Please come to our meeting if you _ free tomorrow. (be)6. She _
25、to the Great Wall several times. (goes)7. In his letter, he said that he _ us very much. (miss)8. The film _ for nearly fifteen minutes when I got to the cinema. (be)9. He said he became _ in physics. (interest)10. This film is worth _. (see)11. He went to school instead of _ home. (go)12. In the old days it was difficult for the poor to _ a joB. (找)13. There _ a physics test next Monday. (be) 14. He is hungry. Please give him something _. (eat)15. Please dont waste time _ TV every evening. You shoul
