1、完整word版英国文学史个时期作者作品及地位对应表英国文学作家作品列表PeriodHistorical BackgroundLife TimeNameCN NameWritingsCN WritingsNotesEarlyMedieval Period(449-1485）早期中世纪时期（poetry, Romance， Popular ballad）英国中世纪文学史大致可分为盎格鲁撒克逊（The Anglo-Saxon Period,449-1066)和中古英语（The Middle English Period，1066-1485)两个时期.The making of the England
2、: Jutes, Angles and Saxons invaded Albion and combined into one United Kingdom-the England。Their dialects gradually grew into a single language called AngloSaxon， or Old English。Feudal system was established；Roman Catholic Church controlled over the country.700750Boewulf贝奥武甫英国的民族史诗(the national epic
3、 of the English people) stricking feature： alliteration, metaphors and understatements。13431400Geoffrey Chaucer杰弗利乔叟The Canterbury Tales（Masterpiece）坎特伯雷故事集the Father of English poetry英国诗歌之父，the forerunner of English renaissance英国文艺复兴先驱， metrical form (格律形式） laid the foundation of the English verse格
4、律形式奠定了基础的英语节律，the heroic couplet英雄双韵体RenaissancePeriod（Humanism）(late 15th century early 17th century）文艺复兴伊丽莎白时代（The Elizabethan Age）的英国戏剧是英国文艺复兴时期所有文学形式中最辉煌的一种，代表了英国乃至整个欧洲文艺复兴时期文学创作的最高成就。poetry （sonnet and blank verse）, drama， essayThe Wars of the Roses （14551485） and Tudor dynasty which was establ
5、ished by Henry VII in 1485.Reformation： Protestantism became the official national religion。The Enclosure movement： compelled peasants to become the hired laborers for the merchants. Flourishing in the Elizabethan Age： The commercial expansion and the rise of bourgeoisie。The war with Spain： in 1588，
6、 the Spanish Armada was defeated. England had sovereignty over the seas.文艺复兴具有三个主要特征:古希腊、罗马文化的复兴；知识的复兴；人文主义运动的发展。1478-1535Thomas More托马斯莫尔Utopia乌托邦理想国，空想主义的代名词，开创英国哲理幻想小说传统的先河the first to introduce the Sonnet into English literature首先把十四行诗译成英语文学1552-1599Edmund Spenser埃德蒙斯宾赛The Faerie Queen仙后the poet
7、s poet诗人中的诗人歌颂女王，宣扬人文主义思想The Spenserian Stanza斯宾塞诗体1564-1593Christopher Marlowe克里斯扥夫马洛Dr FauctusTamburlaineThe Jew of Malta浮士德博士的悲剧帖木耳大帝马耳他的犹太人The Renaissance exploration spirit and extreme individualism spirit文艺复兴探索精神和极端的个人主义精神, the greatest playwright before Shakespeare莎士比亚之前最伟大的剧作家,“University Wi
8、t”大学才子派， the pioneer of English drama15641616William Shakespeare威廉莎士比亚Four comedies：1.A midsummer nights dream2。The Merchant of Venice3。As You Like it4.Twelfth night Four tragedies:1.Hamlet 2.Othello3.King Lear4.The tragedy of MacbethThe Tempest四大喜剧：1.仲夏夜之梦 2。威尼斯商人3.皆大欢喜4.第十二夜四大悲剧：1.哈姆雷特2.奥赛罗3.李尔王4。
9、麦克白暴风雨above all writers in the past and in the present time,he produced 2 long narrative poems， 154 sonnets and 38 plays两首长诗歌，154首十四行诗和38部戏剧，represents the climax of the Renaissance代表了文艺复兴时期的高潮，one of the first founders of realism第一个现实主义的创始人之一，an encyclopedia of the Elizabethan Age伊丽莎白时代的百科全书，the la
10、rgest command of vocabulary他有最大的词汇量,Aeschylus and Shakespeare as “ the two greatest dramatic geniuses the world has ever known”埃斯库罗斯和莎士比亚是“两个世界历来所知最伟大的戏剧天才”1561-1626Francis Bacon弗兰西斯培根Essays Of Studies论说文集论读书champion of modern science现代科学拥护者，散文家，题材广泛17th century（poetry， comedy， prose）English Revolut
11、ion （1649）The establishment of a CommonwealthThe monarchy was restored (1660）Glorious Revolution（1688）17世纪前60年，是一个动荡不安，风云际会的时代：期间爆发了震惊世界的英国清教革命。事实上，早在16世纪末，伊丽莎白女王统治晚期,英国社会已危机暗伏。1588年，英国战胜了西班牙无敌舰队，取得海上霸主的地位.外患既去,内忧渐起，一致对外时被搁置一旁的种种矛盾逐渐暴露了出来，并迅速激化：以宗教改革为目的的清教实力日益壮大,矛头直指黑暗腐败的国教；议会和王权间摩擦频繁，新兴资产阶级羽翼渐丰，不甘雌
12、伏于王权之下;兼之两任斯图亚特王詹姆士一世和查理一世缺乏政治才能，政府腐化,人民的不满情绪高涨，1642年英国内战终于爆发。7世纪上半叶，影响英国的不仅是清教革命，一场思想革命也在悄然展开。现代天文学家哥白尼（Nicolaus Copernicus，14731543）大胆提出了日心说，推翻了地球是宇宙中心的观念。15721631John DonneThe metaphysical玄学派约翰邓恩The FleaDeath Be Not ProudThe Songs and Sonnets A Valediction： Forbidding Mourning跳蚤死神你别骄傲歌谣与十四行诗离别辞：节
13、哀the founder of Metaphysical poetry(writing on love， death and religion)形而上学的诗歌的创始人(写爱情、死亡和宗教),The Metaphysical Conceit玄学奇喻cynicism犬儒主义16081674John Milton The puritan清教徒约翰弥尔顿LycidasAreopagitica Paradise LostParadise RegainedSamson Agonistes利西达斯为英国人民申辩失乐园复乐园力士参孙a great revolutionary poet of the 17th
14、century17世纪的伟大的革命诗人，a great master of blank verse无韵诗的大师，the most perfect example of the verse drama after the Greek style in English英语诗歌戏剧之后希腊风格是最完美的例子1628-1688John BunyanThe puritan清教徒约翰班杨The Pilgrims Progress天路历程A Puritan prose writer一个清教徒散文作家,allegory梦幻宗教寓言，In the 17th century British social real
15、istic picture 17世纪英国社会现实主义图景1631-1700John DrydenThe cavalier约翰德莱顿All for Love 一切为了爱情Age of Dryden the greatest poet between Milton and Popepoet laureate桂冠诗人The greatest Restoration works are the worldly, witty comedies （Comedy of manners风俗喜剧).Neoclassical Period1660-1798(Enlightenment)启蒙文学时期(Neoclas
16、sicism）新古典主义时期（poetry， drama, fiction)A period of comparatively peaceful developmentIndustrial RevolutionEnlightenment（启蒙运动）The struggle of the bourgeoisie against feudalism。18世纪的英国政局相对稳定，资本主义经济得以持续发展，国力强盛，不断发动对外战争，在世界各地建立了许多殖民地和半殖民地。工业革命方兴为艾、圈地运动仍在继续。资产阶级与劳动人民的矛盾日益突出,各地爆发了无数次起义。爱尔兰人民也掀起了民族解放运动。1672
17、-171916721729Joseph AddisonRichard Steele约瑟夫艾迪生理查德斯第尔The Tatler The Spectator 闲谈者旁观者provide a new code of social morality for the rising bourgeoisie.In their hands, the English essay completely established itself as a literary genre。Using it as a form of character sketching and storytelling, they us
18、hered in the dawn of the modern novel. 开创了现代小说的黎明1688-1744Alexander Pope亚历山大蒲伯An Essay on CriticismThe Rape of the Lock The Dunciad Essay on Man论批评夺发记群愚史诗 人论 英国诗史上艺术造诣最高的诗人之一，18世纪新古典主义的代表人物，the heroic couplet英雄双韵体16601731Daniel Defoe丹尼尔笛福Robinson CrusoeCaptain Singleton Moll Flanders 鲁滨逊漂流记辛格顿船长摩尔弗兰
19、德斯Founding of realist novel现实主义小说的创始之作the father of English novels英国小说之父16671745Jonathan Swift乔纳森斯威夫特Gullivers TravelsA modest ProposalTale of a TubThe Battle of the Books格列佛游记一个温和的建议木桶的故事书的战争The most powerful satirist of the age时代最强大的讽刺作家，Attacked the social darkness and evil抨击了社会黑暗和罪恶16891761Samue
20、l Richardson塞缪尔里查逊Pamela帕美勒his emphasis on detail, his psychological insights into women， and his dramatic technique have earned him a prominent place among English novelists. 注重细节,关于女性的心理洞察,和他的戏剧技能为他赢得了在英语小说家著名之处1707-1754Henry Fielding亨利菲尔丁The History of Tom Jones,a Foundling汤姆琼斯 He was the first t
21、o give the modern novel its structure and styleComicepicinprose散文体喜剧史诗第一个创造现代小说结构和风格的人Father of English novel（the third-person narration）英国小说之父1721-1771Tobias George Smollett托拜厄斯乔治斯摩莱特Roderick Random Humphry Clinker 蓝登传亨弗利克林克小说叙事幽默、描写细腻，对19 世纪的著名小说家狄更斯的影响很大。17131768Laurence Sterne劳伦斯斯特恩The Life and
22、Opinions of Tristram Shandy，Gentleman Sentimental Journey Through France and Italy 商第传感伤旅行precursor to modernstreamofconsciousness novels商第传目的是为了教育人更好的真爱世界和同胞。商第传和感伤旅行都以描写人物心理感受见长.是18世纪中后期英国感伤主义小说的重要代表作品。1709-1784Samuel Johnson赛缪尔约翰逊A Dictionary of the English LanguageTo the Right Honorable The Earl
23、 of ChesterfieldLives of the Poets英语大词典致切斯特菲尔德勋爵的信诗人传18世纪英国人文主义文学批评的巨擘，散文家，词典编纂家，英语史上第一部标准辞书17301774Oliver Goldsmith奥利佛哥尔德斯密斯The Citizen of the World The Deserted Village The Vicar of Wakefield 世界公民荒村威克菲尔德牧师传世界公民在中西文化关系史上占有重要地位.1716-1771Thomas GrayGraveyard Poet墓园派扥马斯格雷Elegy Written in a Country Chu
24、rchyard墓园挽歌Graveyard Poet墓园派诗人，dislike of age chaos state and desire to ”natural simple peaceful”对时代纷乱状态的厌恶和对“自然简朴安详”的向往1751-1816Richard Brinsley Sheridan查理布林斯莱谢里丹The Rivals The School for Scandal 情敌造谣学校He is considered to be the only important English dramatist of the 18th century他被认为是唯一重要的18世纪英国剧作
25、家（最有成就的喜剧家）,Morality is the constant theme道德是不变的主题Romantic Period17981832(Romanticism)浪漫主义文学英国乃至世界的浪漫主义运动发生在18世纪19世纪之交并非偶然.它是与当时世界性的革命运动思潮息息相关的,美洲的民族独立解放运动（美丽坚合众国的成立）、法国大革命的迅猛发展、以及欧洲各国特别是英国的工业革命都对浪漫主义运动的兴起产生了巨大的推动力。特别是法国大革命,它对浪漫主义运动首先发生在欧洲负有直接责任，对英国浪漫主义运动的蓬勃开展更是产生了重大影响。追根溯源,浪漫主义作家在思想上深受德国唯心主义古典哲学的影响
26、，开始重视人的自由、自在和自为性,并开始重新去认识自我、审视自我,从而进一步追求自我价值的实现。追求强烈情感的自然流露,张扬个性解放，以锐不可挡之势冲垮了理性统制长达100多年的文学大堤.17571827William Blake威廉布莱克Songs of InnocenceSongs of ExperienceMarriage of Heaven and Hell天真之歌经验之歌天堂与地狱联姻Blake is called a PreRomantic or forerunner of the Romantic poetry of the 19th century布雷克被称为前浪漫主义或19世
27、纪浪漫主义诗歌的先驱，The distinctive feature of his poetry is the symbolism in wide range。他的诗歌的独特的特点是有广泛的象征意义,Print artist and poet， strange imagination, extremely rich individual character and unique system of mythology版画家兼诗人,想象奇特，极富个性，独特的神话体系1759-1796Robert Burns罗伯特彭斯Poems， Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect M
28、y Hearts in the Highlands A Red，Red Rose Auld Lang Syne 苏格兰方言诗集我的心在高原一朵红红的玫瑰昔日时光Robert Burns is one of the greatest song writers in the world。 He is the national poet of Scotland罗伯特伯恩斯是世界上最伟大的歌曲作家之一,Scottish peasant poet， with democratic progress thought, poetry pure natural extremely rich agrestic
29、breath苏格兰著名农民诗人，具有民主进步思想,诗作纯朴自然极富乡土气息peoples poem人民的诗人17701850William WordsworthLake poet湖畔派威廉华兹华斯Lyrical BalladsTintern AbbeyI wandered lonely as a cloudOde： Intimations of ImmortalityThe Solitary ReaperLucy PoemsPreludemy heart leads up when I beholdI wandered lonely as A cloud抒情歌谣集丁登寺旁咏水仙不朽颂孤独的割麦
30、女露西组诗序曲我心荡漾Lyrical Ballads的问世标志着英国浪漫主义文学的真正崛起。Lake poet “湖畔派”诗人，Poet laureate（桂冠诗人）,Coleridge & Robert Southey ，The three poets came to be known as Lake Poets。 柯勒律治和骚塞，这三个诗人被称为湖畔诗人,celebrated the glories of nature and the human spirit著名的自然和人类精神的光辉1772-1834Samuel Taylor ColeridgeLake poet湖畔派塞缪尔泰勒科勒律治The Rime of The Ancient MarinerKubla KhanChristalbelBiographia Literaria古舟子咏忽必烈汗克丽斯塔贝尔文学传记One of the three poets Lake Poet”Work has a tendency to natural mysticism“湖畔派”三诗人之一作
