1、明确了阅读理解题的考查要点以后，我们现在来研究破解阅读理解题的方法和技巧。1.获取段落的主旨和大意。最有效的办法是找出主题句。一篇文章（或一段文章）通常都是围绕一个中心意思展开的。而这个中心意思往往由一个句子来概括。这个能概括文章或段落中心意思的句子叫做主题句。因此，理解一个段落或一篇文章的中心意思首先要学会寻找主题句。主题句一般具有三个特点：1）表述的意思比较概括，相对其主句来看，这种概括性更为明显。2）句子结构较简单，多数都不采用长、难句的形式。3）段落中其它的句子必定是用来解释、支撑或发展主题句所表述的主题思想的。在一个段落中，大部分主题句的位置有两种：1）主题句在段首。这种情况相当普遍
2、。一般新闻报道、说明文，议论文大都采用先总述，后分述的叙事方法。2）主题句在段末。用归纳法写文章时，往往表述细节的句子在前，概述性的句子在后，并以此结尾。这种位于句末的主题句往往是对前面细节的总结，归纳或结论。2.根据上下文猜测词义。猜测词义也是一种英语阅读能力。英语阅读理解试题中有不少这样的题目。任何一个实词，只有在一定的上下文中才能表示一个确定的词义。上下文的作用就是帮助确定上下文中的词、短语或句子的意义。据此，我们可以尽可能地利用上下文来猜测词义，即从已知推求未知，也就是用我们所熟悉的词或短语来猜测我们不熟悉的词的词义。猜测词义时，我们可以从三个方面来考虑：1）根据上下文已知部分进行逻辑
3、上的推理。根据上下文猜测词义的方法有下列几种：根据定义或解释猜测词义；根据并列、同位关系猜测词义；根据同义、反义、因果关系猜测词义。2）运用语法知识进行语法分析。3）依靠常识和经验做出判断。3、确定细节和事实。在阅读理解题目中，有相当一部分是考查细节和事实的题目。这类题目相对容易一些。这些题目有两个共同特点：（1）凡属针对特定细节的考题，其正确答案大都可以在阅读材料中找到对应的文字部分作为验证。这一部分可能是一个词或短语，也可能是一个句子或相关的若干句子，但句式、用词和表达方式不同。（2）干扰项往往是主体思想与细节混杂，正确答案细节和非正确答案的细节混杂，甚至真假混杂。因此，要做好阅读理解中的
4、确定细节和事实的题目，一要在文章中找出相应的信息点，二要排除干扰项。4.进行合理推断。所谓推断，就是根据阅读材料中所提供的信息，推断出未知的信息。即把有关的文字作为已知部分，从中推断出未知部分。需要推断的有关文字可能是词或句子，也可能是若干句子，甚至是全文。总之，只要平时善于积累，并熟练运用上述解题技巧，初中阅读理解题就将不再是难题。（一）Little Tom down the street calls our dog The keep dog.Zip is a sheep dog. But when Tom tries to say Seep, it comes out keep. And
5、in a way Tom is right. Zip is always bringing things hoem for us to keep! Ill tell you about some of them.Zips first present was a shoe. It was made of green silk.We didnt know how Zip found the shoe. But after a moment Mary, my big sister, told me the shoe had a strange smell. I nodded（点头）and held
6、my nose. What do you think it isIt smells like something for cleaning. I think someone tried to clean a spot （污点） off the shoe. Then he put it at the door to dry.Along came Zip. And good-bye shoe! I said.We should take it back.We cant .said my sistter.Maybe little Tom is right, Mary said. Maybe Zip
7、is a keep dog! writer and Mary didnt know_. Zips first present was Zip carried its first present home owned Zips first presents first present was made of calls Zip the keep dogbecause _. dog likes keeping things dog likes playing with shoes doesnt know the dogs name cant pronounce the word sheepwell
8、 made the shoe strange was _. colour smell size it was a silk one word in the last sentence means _ things for itself things for other to keep letting it run about care of a small child can know from the reading that the dog _.A. likes to give presents to people been kept in at the writers home brou
9、ght some trouble to be called （二）An old lady in a plane had a blanket（毯子）over her head and she did not want to take it off . The air hostess spoke to her, but the old lady said, “I have never been in a plane before , and I am frightened. I am going to keep this blanket over my head until we are back
10、 on the ground again !”Then the captain came. He said, “Madam, I am the captain of this plane. The weather is fine, there are no clouds in the sky, and everything is going very well. ”But she continued to hide.So the captain turned and started to go back. Then the old lady looked out from under the
11、blanket with one eye and said, “I am sorry, young man, but I dont like planes and I am never going to fly again. But Ill say one thing, ”She continued kindly, “You and your wife keep your plane very clean!1. An old lady had _ .A. glasses B. a blanket over her head C. a coat D. a basket2. A. She didn
12、t want to _ .A. take it off B. turn it off C. get on D. talk about it3. _ spoke to her .A. The air hostess B. The man next to her C. her husband D. one of her friends4. The old lady had never been _ before .A. abroad B. home C. in a plane D. in hospital5. The woman didnt like planes and she was neve
13、r going _ .A. to fly again B. to travel C. to go abroad D. to go home（三）Dick lived in England. One day in January he said to his wife, Im going to fly to New York next week because Ive got some work there. Where are you going to stay there his wife asked. I dont know yet. Dick answered. Please send
14、me your address from there in a telegram （电报）, his wife said. All right, Dick answered.He flew to New York on January 31st and found a nice hotel in the center of the city. He put his things in his room and then he sent his wife a telegram. He put the address of his hotel in it.In the evening he did
15、nt have any work, so he went to a cinema. He came out at nine oclock and said, Now Im going back to my hotel and have a nice dinner.He found a taxi （出租车） and the driver said, Where do you want to go But Dick didnt remember the name and address of his hotel.Which hotel are my things in he said, And w
16、hat am I going to do tonight But the driver of the taxi did not know. So Dick got out and went into a post office. There he sent his wife another telegram, and in it he wrote, Please send me my address at this post office.Choose the right answer1. Dick flew to New York because _.A. he went there for
17、 a holidayB. he had work thereC. he went there for sightseeing （观光）D. his home was there2. Why did his wife want a telegram from himA. Because she didnt know his address yetB. Because she wanted to go to New York, tooC. Because she might send him another telegramD. Because she couldnt leave her husb
18、and by himself in New York3. Where did Dick stay in New YorkA. In the center of the city.B. In a hotel.C. In a restaurant.D. At his friends house.4. Who would send him the name and address of his hotelA. The manager （经理） of his hotel.B. The police office.C. The taxi driver.D. His wife.5. Which of th
19、e following is not trueA. Dick stayed at a nice hotel in the center of the city.B. Dick didnt work on the first night of his arrival.C. Dick forgot to send his wife a telegram.D. Dick wanted to go back to his hotel in a taxi.（四）Bob and Jim once worked in the same factory. One day, Bob lent Jim ten d
20、ollars, but then Jim left his work and went to work in another town without paying back the money.Bob didnt see Jim for a year, and then he knew from another friend that Jim was in another town and staying at a hotel. So he went there to see him late in the evening.When he got to Jims room, he saw h
21、is shoes near the door. Well, he must be in, he thought, and knocked again, and said, I know you are in, Jim. Your shoes are out here.ve gone out in my boots, answered Jim.True or False1. Bob and Jim once worked in different factories.2. One day Jim borrowed ten dollars from Bob.3. Jim paid back the
22、 money to Bob and went to work in another town later.4. Bob hadnt seen Jim for a year when he learned that Jim was in another town.（五）I think the most terrible thing in life for my little brother is getting up in the morning. He is almost sick when my mother calls, Herbert! Its seven oclock! Get up!
23、Herbert answers, m coming! and goes right back to sleep. Im not at all like my brother. I dont like to go to bed at night but I dont mind getting up in the morning. I usually wake up before my mother calls me. I jump out of bed and go into the bathroom to take a shower. I get dressed, brush my teeth
24、, comb my hair, and get ready to go downstairs for breakfast as soon as my mother calls.But not Herbert. He just sleeps. A military band （军乐队） in our bedroom could not wake him up. I call him and say, Get up! Mum will be up here to pull you out of bed if you dont get up immediately!But he just sleep
25、s. After calling a few more times my mother has to come upstairs and pull Herbert out of bed. Its that way every day with my little brother. Perhaps some day hell learn to get up on time, but I really dont think so.1. The most terrible thing in life for my little brother is going to school.2. Im not
26、 like my brother because I like to go to bed early at night and get up early in the morning.3. I usually jump out of bed and go into the bathroom for a shower before my mother calls.4. When mother calls, Herbert doesnt answer and remains in bed.5. My mother often has to go upstairs and pull Herbert
27、out of bed as he refuses to get up.6. Sometimes we have to send for a military band to wake Herbert up.7. The writer thinks some day Herbert will learn to get up on time.（六）In England, people often talk about the weather because they can experience （经历） four seasons in one day. In the morning the weather is warm just like in spring. An hour later black clouds come and then it rains hard. The weather gets a little cold. In the late afternoon the sky will be sunny,
