1、（1）动词ing形式的一般式，作状语时与主句主语为主动关系，所表示的动作与主句谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生，常表示时间、条件、原因或结果等。（2）动词ing形式的完成式，作状语时与主句主语为主动关系，所表示的动作发生在主句谓语动作之前，常表示时间或原因。Seeing those pictures，he couldnt help thinking of those days in Yanan.当他看到那些图片时，就禁不住想起了在延安的那些日子。（动词ing形式的一般式作状语表示时间）Working hard，you will pass the entrance exam.如果你努力学习，你就会通过
2、入学考试。（动词ing形式的一般式作状语表示条件）The road is under construction，causing the delay.道路正在建设中，因此造成了延误。（动词ing形式的一般式作状语表示结果）Having got our tickets，we drove to the airport to board the plane.买到机票之后，我们就开车到机场登机。（动词ing形式的完成式作状语，表示时间）二、动词ing形式与动词不定式作宾语1只接动词ing形式作宾语的常见动词（短语）有：承认（admit）冒险（risk）别继续（keep/keep on）错过（miss）理
3、解（understand）和感激（appreciate）推迟（delay）享受（enjoy）不考虑（consider）完成（finish）想象（imagine）又建议（suggest/advise/remend）避免（avoid/escape）介意（mind）想（feel like）延期（put off）允许（allow/permit）抵制（resist/stand）或放弃（give up）着手（set about，get down to）练习（practise）要坚持（insist on）Even if I risk losing everything，I wont give up tryi
4、ng.即使冒着失去一切的危险，我也不会放弃尝试。I would very much appreciate receiving a copy of the book.如蒙赐赠该书，不胜感激。2只接不定式作宾语的常见动词（短语）有：四个希望（hope，wish，expect，long）三答应（agree，promise，undertake）五个想要（want，desire，plan，would like，would love）巧安排（arrange）设法（manage）学会（learn）做决定（decide，determine）犹豫（hesitate）倾向（tend）别声称（claim）企图（at
5、tempt，seek）假装（pretend）要选择（choose）提出（offer）要求（ask，demand）别拒绝（refuse，decline）威胁（threaten）准备（prepare）不失败（fail）He is supposed to have offered help to the old person.他本应给那位老人提供帮助。I only just managed to finish on time.我刚好设法按时完成。能接“疑问词不定式”作宾语的动词有：show，understand，tell，explain，teach，learn，know，ask，decide，won
6、der，find out等。He didnt know how to deal with the accident.他不知道怎样处理这场事故。3既可以接动词ing形式又可以接不定式，含义差别不大的常见谓语动词有：start，begin，love，like，prefer，hate，intend，continue等。Dickens began to work/working at a factory when he was very young.狄更斯很小的时候就开始在一家工厂工作。Many people prefer living/to live in the country.很多人偏爱住在乡下
7、。love，like，hate后接动词ing形式通常表示习惯性、一般性的情况，后接不定式表示具体的、一次性的情况。4既可以接动词ing形式又可以接不定式，含义不同的常见谓语动词有：They couldnt help jumping up at the news.听到这个消息他们不禁跳了起来。Sorry，I cant help （to） clean the room for you.I must go at once.对不起，我不能帮你打扫房间了，我必须马上走。I regret to tell you that all the tickets have been sold out.我遗憾地告诉你
8、，所有的票都卖光了。Mary regretted telling lies to her mother.玛丽后悔向母亲撒了谎。有些含有“需要”意义的动词，如：want，need，require等，其后通常接动词ing形式的主动形式表示被动含义或接不定式的被动形式。This kind of plant needs watering/to be watered twice a week.这种花一星期需要浇水两次。.单句语法填空1 （read）the chapter four times，I finally understood the authors theory.2 （warn）of dange
9、r in the street at night，she had to go home，with a friend following her.3He had to admit （steal）the money.4I dont mind his （e）back late if he doesnt wake me up.5Whoops！I didnt mean （step）on your toe.【答案】1.Having read2.Having been warned3.stealing4.ing5.to step.单句改错 【导学：38300022】1He got to the office
10、 in time，caught the first bus. 2Mary，e here.You are wanted in the phone.3My new job means look after children.4I want buy a novel written by Mark.5We are sure to confront with many difficulties when solving the problem.【答案】1.在caught前加having2.inon3looklooking4.want后加to5.去掉with如何写与人际交往相关的文章关于人际关系和如何交友
11、的文章一般有记叙和议论两种体裁。每种体裁都有不同的写作特点：记叙文：什么时间、什么地点、如何结识朋友的；你对朋友的第一印象；你朋友的性格；你与朋友之间的交往，有什么共同的爱好等等。语言生动、真实、贴切为准则。议论文：对于如何处理人际关系和友谊，表述观点，可从正反两个方面阐述，最后要表达自己的想法。如果为了让读者对你的观点更加信服，可适当列举一些典型的事例，这也是夹叙夹议文的特色。亮点句式.引出话题1Recently I found it hard to be on good terms with some students.最近，我发觉和一些学生友好相处很难。2A good interpers
12、onal relationship，as we all know，plays an important part in building a harmonious society.众所周知，良好的人际关系在构建和谐社会方面起着重要的作用。.阐述友谊、朋友、交友的意义以及重要性1He is rich enough who has true friends.有真朋友的人是富翁。2Friendship is love without his wings.友谊是没有羽翼的爱。3A friend is never known till a man has need.不到患难时，永远不能认识真正的朋友。4
13、Friendship is like winethe older the better.友谊就像酒，越陈越香。5A faithful friend is the medicine of life.忠实的朋友是人生的良药。6Our friends offer us advice with regard to how to deal with various situations.我们的朋友主动给我们以忠告，告诉我们如何应付各种不同的局势。.作者的观点和建议1If you cherish a persons friendship，make time for him or her，whether i
14、ts just the occasional phone call，email or a weekly gettogether.如果你珍惜一个人的友情，就为他或她留出时间。不管是偶尔打个电话，或是发一封邮件，又或是周末聚会。2Be slow in choosing a friend；slower in changing.择友宜慎，弃之更宜慎。3We should show concern for them，even if it is only a forting word.我们应关心他们，哪怕只是一句安慰的话。【写作任务】 【导学：38300023】人们对于学生上交友持不同意见。请你用英语写一
15、篇关于学生上交友的短文，介绍人们的不同观点，并表达自己的看法。赞成的理由反对的理由你的看法1.广交朋友2.可自由表达思想3.利于外语学习1.浪费时间2.影响学习3.可能上当受骗？注意：1文章必须包括表中的全部内容；2词数100左右；3参考词汇：络朋友online friend（s）；上当受骗to be cheated审题谋篇体裁议论文话题上交友时态一般现在时人称第一和第三人称遣词造句.词汇1make friends on line 上交友2express feelings and opinions freely 自由表达观点和感受3make full use of 充分利用4a waste o
16、f time 浪费时间5get cheated on line 上受骗6place.before other things 把置于首位.句式1友谊比世界上任何东西都更重要、更珍贵。Friendship is more important and precious than anything in the world.2络可以帮助我们交友。The Internet can help us make friends.3我们应该充分利用时间好好学习。We ought to make full use of time to study.4许多人没有意识到络交友的危险。Many people haven
17、t realized the danger of making friends on line.妙笔成篇【参考范文】Should students make friends on line？Some people say yes.The Internet helps make many friends.Chatting on line，students can more freely express their feelings and opinions，and even get help with their foreign language studies.Others，however，t
18、hink students should not.They say making friends on line is a waste of time，which should be spent more meaningfully on study.Besides，some students get cheated on line.It is my opinion that students should place their study，health and safety before other things.As for friendship，we can readily find i
19、t among our classmates and other people around us.学业分层测评（九）.完成句子1I felt nervous， （不知道） what to say.2Though （在国外生活了许多年），many Chinese still observe the traditional customs.3 （由于没有尽最大的努力），he failed in the exam.4I reminded you （不要忘记） that appointment.5The car needs （修理）【答案】1.not knowing2.having lived ab
20、road for years3.Not having tried his best4.not to forget 5repairing/to be repaired.阅读理解AHaving good etiquette（礼节）at the workplace is very important to be a favorite in an office.However，its observed that many people arent aware of the workplace etiquette and this creates a very bad impression in the
21、 office.So its important to know some workplace etiquette tips.Among all the workplace etiquette guidelines，the most important is to be punctual to your office.Though going late due to an emergency is okay，habitual lateers are never appreciated in any organization.By arriving at your office on time，
22、you show that youre aware of your responsibilities and have respect for the organization.In case you feel that you would be late，call the concerned authority and report the matter to him or her.Also，a proper knowledge of the workplace email etiquette is a must.In the official emails，you need to ment
23、ion the subject concisely，while at the same time include all the important details which are to be shared.You should use good and grammatically correct language while writing emails.A knowledge of telephone etiquette in the workplace is very important as well.While talking on the telephone，be polite
24、 and listen to what theyre saying carefully.Only then should you say what you feel.Speak in a voice which would be heard clearly at the other end.The workplace guidelines are important even while youre dining or celebrating with your coworkers.If you get a call in between，receive it after youre perm
25、itted by the others by saying“Excuse me”Dont talk loudly while eating.Greet people well and try to make them feel fortable while being in your pany.These guidelines will help you bee the best employee of a pany.All the best!1Why should you try to be punctual?ATo prove you are not a habitual lateer.B
26、To respect the rules of the organization.CTo show that you are a responsible worker.DTo win other workers respect.【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段第三句可知，准时上班一是表明你意识到了你的责任，二是表明你对这个团体的尊重，因此应选择C。【答案】C2How should you write an official email?AWrite the subject clearly and simply.BInclude all the details in the email.CMake
27、 the language as beautiful as possible.DMake the email as brief as possible.根据第三段内容可知，电子邮件应主题简洁并包含所有重要的细节。因此选择A。【答案】A3Which of the following is considered NOT acceptable about making phone calls in the workplace?AUsing polite language.BListening with patience and care.CSpeaking clearly.DAnswering a call whenever it es in.根据倒数第二段第二句可知，无论什么时候来电话都接是不被接受的行为。【答案】D4In the writers opinion，workplace etiquette Ais easy to masterBis considered important by all employeesCcan be helpful in d
