1、I am not one who was born in the possession of knowledge; I am one who is fond of antiquity, and earnest in seeking it there.三人行，必有我师焉。择其善者而从之，其不善者而改之。When I walk along with two others, they may serve me as my teachers. I will select their good qualities and follow them, their bad qualities and avoi
2、d them.学如不及，犹恐失之。Learn as if you could not reach your object, and were always fearing also lest you should lose it. 学而第一 子曰：“学而时习之，不亦说乎？有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？人不知而不愠，不亦君子乎？”The Master said: Is it not pleasant to learn with a constant perseverance and application?Is it not delightful to have friends coming from
3、 distant quarters?Is he not a man of complete virtue, who feels no discomposure though men may take no note of him? 有子曰：“其为人也孝弟，而好犯上者，鲜矣；不好犯上，而好作乱者，未之有也。君子务本，本立而道生。孝弟也者，其为仁之本与！The philosopher Yu said, They are few who, being filial and fraternal, are fond of offending against their superiors. There
4、have been none, who, not liking to offend against their superiors, have been fond of stirring up confusion. The superior man bends his attention to what is radical. That being established, all practical courses naturally grow up. Filial piety and fraternal submission,-are they not the root of all be
5、nevolent actions? 子曰：“巧言令色，鲜矣仁！ The Master said, Fine words and an insinuating appearance are seldom associated with true virtue. 曾子曰：“吾日三省吾身为人谋而不忠乎？于朋友交而不信乎？传不习乎？ The philosopher Tsang said, I daily examine myself on three points:-whether, in transacting business for others, I may have been not fai
6、thful;-whether, in intercourse with friends, I may have been not sincere;-whether I may have not mastered and practiced the instructions of my teacher. 子曰：“道千乘之国，敬事而信，节用而爱人，使民以时。To rule a country of a thousand chariots, there must be reverent attention to business, and sincerity; economy in expendit
7、ure, and love for men; and the employment of the people at the proper seasons.子曰：“弟子，入则孝，出则弟，谨而信，凡爱众，而亲仁。行有余力，则以学文。The Master said, A youth, when at home, should be filial, and, abroad, respectful to his elders. He should be earnest and truthful. He should overflow in love to all, and cultivate the
8、friendship of the good. When he has time and opportunity, after the performance of these things, he should employ them in polite studies. 子夏曰：“贤贤易色；事父母，能竭其力；事君，能致其身；于朋友交，言而有信。虽曰未学，吾必谓之学矣。Tsze-hsia said, If a man withdraws his mind from the love of beauty, and applies it as sincerely to the love of t
9、he virtuous; if, in serving his parents, he can exert his utmost strength; if, in serving his prince, he can devote his life; if, in his intercourse with his friends, his words are sincere:-although men say that he has not learned, I will certainly say that he has. 子曰：“君子不重，则不威；学则不固。主忠信。无友不如己者。过，则勿惮
10、改。If the scholar be not grave, he will not call forth any veneration, and his learning will not be solid. Hold faithfulness and sincerity as first principles. Have no friends not equal to yourself. When you have faults, do not fear to abandon them. 曾子曰：“慎终，追远，民德归厚矣。The philosopher Tsang said, Let th
11、ere be a careful attention to perform the funeral rites to parents, and let them be followed when long gone with the ceremonies of sacrifice;-then the virtue of the people will resume its proper excellence. 子禽问於子贡曰：“夫子至於是邦也，必闻其政，求之与？抑与之与？子贡曰：“夫子温、良、恭、俭、让以得之。夫子之求之也，其诸异乎人之求之与？Tsze-chin asked Tsze-kung
12、 saying, When our master comes to any country, he does not fail to learn all about its government. Does he ask his information? or is it given to him?Tsze-kung said, Our master is benign, upright, courteous, temperate, and complaisant and thus he gets his information. The masters mode of asking info
13、rmation,-is it not different from that of other men? 子曰：“父在，观其志；父没，观其行；三年无改於父之道，可谓孝矣。While a mans father is alive, look at the bent of his will; when his father is dead, look at his conduct. If for three years he does not alter from the way of his father, he may be called filial. 有子曰：“礼之用，和为贵。先王之道，斯
14、为美；小大由之。有所不行，知和而和，不以礼节之，亦不可行也。In practicing the rules of propriety, a natural ease is to be prized. In the ways prescribed by the ancient kings, this is the excellent quality, and in things small and great we follow them.Yet it is not to be observed in all cases. If one, knowing how such ease should
15、 be prized, manifests it, without regulating it by the rules of propriety, this likewise is not to be done. 有子曰：“信近於义，言可复也。恭近於礼，远耻辱也。因不失其亲，亦可宗也。When agreements are made according to what is right, what is spoken can be made good. When respect is shown according to what is proper, one keeps far from
16、shame and disgrace. When the parties upon whom a man leans are proper persons to be intimate with, he can make them his guides and masters. 子曰：“君子食无求饱，居无求安，敏於事而慎於言，就有道而正焉，可谓好学也已。He who aims to be a man of complete virtue in his food does not seek to gratify his appetite, nor in his dwelling place do
17、es he seek the appliances of ease; he is earnest in what he is doing, and careful in his speech; he frequents the company of men of principle that he may be rectified:-such a person may be said indeed to love to learn. 子贡曰：“贫而无谄，富而无骄，何如？”子曰：“可也；未若贫而乐，富而好礼者也。”子贡曰：“诗云：如切如磋，如琢如磨，其斯之谓与？“赐也，始可与言诗已矣，告诸往而知
18、来者。What do you pronounce concerning the poor man who yet does not flatter, and the rich man who is not proud? The Master replied, They will do; but they are not equal to him, who, though poor, is yet cheerful, and to him, who, though rich, loves the rules of propriety.Tsze-kung replied, It is said i
19、n the Book of Poetry, As you cut and then file, as you carve and then polish.-The meaning is the same, I apprehend, as that which you have just expressed.With one like Tsze, I can begin to talk about the odes. I told him one point, and he knew its proper sequence.子曰：“不患人之不己之，患不知人也。I will not be affl
20、icted at mens not knowing me; I will be afflicted that I do not know men.为政第二 子曰：“为政以德，誓如北辰居其所而众星共之。He who exercises government by means of his virtue may be compared to the north polar star, which keeps its place and all the stars turn towards it. 子曰：“诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。In the Book of Poetry are three
21、 hundred pieces, but the design of them all may be embraced in one sentence Having no depraved thoughts. 子曰：“道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。If the people be led by laws, and uniformity sought to be given them by punishments, they will try to avoid the punishment, but have no sense of shame. If they
22、be led by virtue, and uniformity sought to be given them by the rules of propriety, they will have the sense of shame, and moreover will become good. 子曰：“吾十有五而志于学，三十而立，四十而不惑，五十而知天命，六十而耳顺，七十而从心所欲，不逾矩。At fifteen, I had my mind bent on learning. At thirty, I stood firm. At forty, I had no doubts. At fi
23、fty, I knew the decrees of Heaven. At sixty, my ear was an obedient organ for the reception of truth. At seventy, I could follow what my heart desired, without transgressing what was right. 孟懿子问孝。子曰：“无违。”樊迟御，子告之曰：“孟孙问孝於我，我对曰，无违”樊迟曰：“何谓也？“生，事之以礼；死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。Mang I asked what filial piety was. The Mas
24、ter said, It is not being disobedient. Soon after, as Fan Chih was driving him, the Master told him, saying, Mang-sun asked me what filial piety was, and I answered him,-not being disobedient.Fan Chih said, What did you mean?That parents, when alive, be served according to propriety; that, when dead
25、, they should be buried according to propriety; and that they should be sacrificed to according to propriety. 孟武伯问孝。“父母唯其疾之忧。Mang Wu asked what filial piety was. The Master said, Parents are anxious lest their children should be sick. 子游问孝。“今之孝者，是谓能养。至於犬马，皆能有养；不敬，何以别乎。Tsze-yu asked what filial piety
26、 was. The Master said, The filial piety nowadays means the support of ones parents. But dogs and horses likewise are able to do something in the way of support;-without reverence, what is there to distinguish the one support given from the other? 子夏问孝。“色难。有事，弟子服其劳；有酒食，先生馔，曾是以为孝 Tsze-hsia asked what
27、filial piety was. The Master said, The difficulty is with the countenance. If, when their elders have any troublesome affairs, the young take the toil of them, and if, when the young have wine and food, they set them before their elders, is THIS to be considered filial piety? 子曰：“吾与回言终日，不违，如愚。退儿省其私，亦足以发，回也不愚。I have talked with Hui for a whole day, and he has not made any objection to anything I said;-as if he were stupid. He has retired, and I have examine
