1、 have writtenhave been writing过去将来should Writewould have been writing 不定式主动形式被动形式一般式to doto be done完成式to have doneto have been done进行式to be doing完成进行式to have been doing 被动语态表is givenareis being given been givengiven being givenhad been given be given have been given 动词的时态语态1.时态时态用法例示一般现在时现在习惯或经常反复发生
2、的动作或存在的状态，常与usually, always, seldom, often, frequently, every day 等时间状语连用We always care for each other and help each other.He sometimes stay up till midnight to catch up with others.主语现在的特征，性格和状态She is always ready to help others.-do you sing? a little客观规律，正确事实或科学真理，格言以及其他不受时间限制的客观存在All the living t
3、hings on the earth depend on the sun.Our teacher told us the earth goes round the sun.Pride goes before a fall.骄兵必败在由连词if, unless, before, as soon as, when, once, however等引起的时间（条件，让步）状语从句，需用一般现在时表将来。Even if it rains tomorrow, the sports meet will take place.However much advice you give him, he will
4、do exactly what he wants.安排，或计划要做的动作（有时间状语）限于begin, come, leave, go, arrive, open, start, stop, close, return 等一类动词。The plane takes off at 5:00 a.m.一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，常与yesterday, in 1996, two years ago ,last month, the day before yesterday, the other day 等表示过去的时间状语连用。The Great Wall came into bein
5、g in 221BC.过去一段时间内经常或反复发生的行为，常与every day, often, sometimes等时间状语连用，used to , would常用来表示过去经常或反复发生的行为。Would 不接表示认识或状态的词，但used to 不受限制。When I was in the factory, I often worked in the workshop.We used to get up at five every morning when were at school.We would ask him for advice when we had trouble wit
6、h our English.He used to like football when I was at middle school.过去发生的一系列动作The professor put one finger in his mouth, tasted it, and smiled with satisfaction.在时间，条件，方式让步状语从句中用一般过去时表过去将来时。He said he would let us know if he got any news.He promised that he would buy some copies for us when he went t
7、here.句型：Itistimeforsb.todosth到时间了该了。例如：yougobed.thatdidsth.时间已迟了早该了，例如Itwent你早该睡觉了。一般将来时Shall/will +动词原形1 单纯表将来2 不用于条件句中3 表必然的将来4 表意愿，决心He will be thirty years old next year.If you will wait here, the manage will be back 10 mins later.Be going to 1计划打算干2, 客观迹象预示Look at the clouds, there is going to
8、be a storm.If you are going to do it, you had better do it well.Be on the point of /be about to 不与时间状语连用，但可和when 从句连用Be to 1 预定要做 2 表示命令，禁止应该3 注定 be about to doWe are to finish the work before five this year.No one is to leave the cinema without the polices polices permission瞬间动词的现在进行时表将来。 Go start,
9、 set out, leave , reach, arrive, return, come, move, take offThey are moving Nanjing for Guangzhou on Sunday.祈使句/短语+and/or +主语+willWork hard and youll succeedA bit more effort, and you will succeed.将来完成时表示在将来的一个特定时刻将成为过去的动作或该时刻刚刚结束的动作I shall have finished this one before lunch.I hope well have got t
10、he instructions （说明书） ready before you come tomorrow.现在进行时表示现在（说话瞬间）正在进行或发生的动作Look! The boy is dozing off.表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。（说话时动作不一定正在进行）How are you getting along with your English these days.表示说话人对主语的行为表赞叹或厌恶。（常与always, constantly, continually 等副词连用）The children are always making trouble.She
11、 is always asking the same question.瞬间动词表将来现在完成时对现在的影响或动作与状态的持续常与有介词for, during, in within, over 引导的时间状语连用We have discussed the topic （for） the last 3 weeks.I havent seen him in the recent years.表示反复或习惯性的动作，常与several times, once, twice, 等频度副词连用I have watched him several times.He has been to London t
12、wice.用在时间，条件状语从句中，表示从句动作先于主句动作之前已完成。I will give my opinion after I have read through the book.We will set out at once if the rain has stopped现在完成进行时表示从过去某一时刻开始的动作一直延续到现在，甚至将来。（强调进行的过程）He is ill. he has been lying in bed for three weeks.She is very tired. she has been typing letters all day.一直到现在为止的一
13、段时间内一再反复进行的动作All these years they have been contributing articles to our magazine.过去完成时 表示过去的过去；一直延续到过去某一点的动作或状态。I received a letter from a friend yesterday. We had not heard from each other since 1990表示原本打算实现而未实现的希望或计划。常用此结构德动词有hope, want, expect, think, mean, suppose, intend 等 We had hoped to catc
14、h the 9:30 train, but we failed to.They had expected to get what they needed, but there was nothing there.用于no sooner than; hardly when的句型中I had no sooner returned than he called.时态 比较过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。一般过去时表示动作的完成Mary wrote a letter to her friend last night.Mary was writing a letter to her frie
15、nd last night.现在完成时强调结果或动作已完成现在完成进行时强调动作在继续We have discussed the question with him.We have been discussing the question with him all evening.固定句型By the end ofBy the end of last term, we had learned 2000 words.By the end of this term, we will have learnedIt is the first time It was the first timeIt i
16、s high time thatIt is the first time that you have visited our school.It was the first time that you had visitedIt is high time that you came here.2 语态主动表被动及物动词作不及物用副词 （hardly, easily, badly, nicely, well, smoothly）等时。常用动词有act, add, bend, close, lock, cut, begin, move, open, read, sell, teach, trans
17、late, wash, wear, write 等，主语往往是物而不是人。The pen write well. Wood burns easily.The car drives smoothly.The case locks easily.形容词 不定式结构中，不定式与句子主语有动宾关系时。要注意如果句中的主语是不定式的逻辑主语时用主动语态，否则用被动。The picture is pleasant to look at.I found his theory hard to understand.I found my theory hard to be understood.介词短语 in
18、sight, on show, on sale, under construction作表语或定语表被动。The new railway under construction will be completed soon.Be worth, be missing , in need of , remaining, want/need/require be to blame be to letThe teaching method is in need of improving.There is no remaining money here.The house is to let连系动词：表感
19、觉的 appear, feel, prove, taste ,表变化的 become, come fall, grow, turn,表依旧的continue, lie, remain, stay, stand Einsteins theory proved to be correct.某些动词以物做主语，进行时表被动eg. Print, cook, fry, hang, build, makeThe dinner is cooking.The book is printing.The house is building.被动表主动Burn, devote, dress, hide, seat,
20、 love, wear, tire+oneself +介词be+ed +介词He seats himself on the bench.Affect, amuse, astonish, delight, disappoint, discourage, encourage, excite, frighten, inspire, move, strike, touch, upset, worry等用于 sb+be+ed sth+be + ing 作定语ed+sb ing+sthHe was too frightened to move.不用被动语态Come about, occur, break
21、out, belong to, happen, succeed, fail, add up to, take place, come into being, cost, set sail for, take part in, give out, come true, lose heart, play a part in双重被动式常用的动词有wish, expect, advise, mean, believe, suppose, order, allow The book is believed to have been translated into French.The sports me
22、et was never expected to be put off.Get, become, go ,come ,feel, grow, seem, look 可以作为系动词在口语中使用I grew excited and a little frightened.He seemed satisfied with my offerFive soldiers got wounded in the battle.高考对于进行体的常考点1.一个长动作作为背景，被一个短动作打断，长动作往往用进行体，短动作用一般体。Tom slipped into the house when no one was
23、looking.As he was reading the newspaper, granny fell asleep.2. 表示动作的未完性，暂时性。I dont really work here. I am just helping out until the new secretary arrives.Selecting a mobile phone for a personal use is no easy task because technology is changing so rapidly.3. 表示现在或当时发展中或正在进行的情况。I dont think Jim saw
24、me; he was just staring into space.I first met Lisa 3 years ago. She was working at a radio shop at that time.动词时态、语态汉语的时态大多是通过副词来表达的，而英语的时态是靠动词的变化和时间状语来表达的。英语中的时态共有十六种，但是常考的或较常用的只有9种，而且重点测试完成时态。 要掌握英语的时态和语态，必须掌握好英语中的助动词（do, be, have）和时间状语这两个核心问题。1、一般现在时 主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作，句子中常有often, al
25、ways, from time to time 等时间状语； 表示客观规律和永恒真理等。He usually goes to work at 7 oclock every morning.She has a brother who lives in New York. The earth goes around the sun.Guangzhou is situated in the south of China.考点一：表示永恒的真理，即使出现在过去的语境中，仍用一般现在时。如：I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was i
26、n primary school.考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替一般将来时；常用的引导词有：时间：when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment/the minute, the day; 条件：if, unless, provided.If he accepts the job, he will get more money soon.考点三：在make sure （certain）, see to it, mind, care, matter 宾语从句， 从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。So long as he wor
27、ks hard, I dont mind when he finishes the experiment.只要他努力工作， 我不介意他什么时候做完试验。考点四：在the more the more （越越） 句型中, 若主句是一般将来时, 从句通常用一般现在时。The harder you study, the better results you will get.2、现在进行时表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动：或表感情色彩，加强语气。与频率副词，如always，constantly，continually，again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩（赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等）。We are
28、having English class. The house is being built these days.The little boy is always making trouble. 在时间状语或条件状语从句中表示将来正在进行的动作。Look out when you are crossing the street. Dont wake him up if he is still sleeping at 7 tomorrow morning. 表示在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作（这时多有表示将来的时间状语）。Marry is leaving on Friday.3、现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，完成在过去，但强调与现在情况仍有联系，其结果或影响仍存在。现在完成时有一些标志性的时间状语：for + 时间段；since + 时间点They have lived in Beijing for five years.They have lived in Beijing
