1、中考英语专题 非谓语动词之动词不定式 教育学科教师辅导讲义学员编号： 年 级： 课 时 数：学员姓名： 辅导科目： 学科教师： 授课类型C-动词不定式知识解析C-中考不定式常考点精析T不定式的综合训练授课日期及时段教学内容 一、专题知识梳理 非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，主要包括不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词），即动词的非谓语形式。非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外，可以承担句子的任何成分。 Do you know how to deal with the little cat? What happened to the boy and cat? 批注：由题目中的内容和学员独立思
2、考生活中遇到的情形引出不定式的用法。知识点1: 动词不定式的构成 （not）to + 动词原形 有时可以不用to,这里的to是不定式符号，本身无实义。知识点2: 不定式的句法功能1. 作主语 动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末，其结构为： It + be+ adj.(+for/of sb)+ to do e.g. To learn English well is useful.(注意：谓语动词用单数) It is useful to learn English well.注意：在 kind，good, nice, clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用
3、of。区别：It is +adj.+for sb.+to do sth表示做某事对某人来说很adj.。 It is +adj.+of sb.+to do sth表示某人这么做真是太adj.了。e.g. Its very kind of you to help me. 你帮助我真是太好了。 Its very clever of you to do like that.你那样做真是太聪明啦。2. 作宾语 常见的这类词表示命令、打算或希望，如： would like, like, want ,wish, hope, decide, plan, expect. Would you like to se
4、e a film this evening? I decide to see a film tonight. I hope to go to France some day. I expect lake to win. I want to go to a movie. 在find, think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在后面。 I find to learn English easy. I find it easy to learn English. 常见的一些不带to的动词不定式: Why not do，why dont you do，had better(not)d
5、o, would rather doe.g. I would rather stay at home. Why not join us? You had better take your own bags.3. 作宾语补足语 不定式作宾语补足语时常与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系. 这些动词有：tell, ask, want, allow, get, would like Lucy asked him to turn down the music. I would like you to be my groomsman. My mother doesnt allow me to drive. My m
6、other gets me to water the flower.注意：还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用动词不定式作宾补，这时不定式一般省略to，但是变被动态时，必须还原to。这些动词有：一感（feel）,二听（listen, hear）,三让（let, make, have）,四看（look at, see, watch, notice）e.g. My mother made me clan the room. I was made to clean the room. I heard him sing yesterday. I see him play the basketball on
7、the playground,4. 作定语 不定式作定语时放在名词后，它与名词有动宾上的关系。如果是不及物动词作定语，要在不定式后加适当的介词。 He is always the first to come. There is nothing to eat. There is nothing to worry about. SM is a good place to go shopping.5. 不定式常和疑问词what, which, when, where, how连用，相当于一个宾语从句。 The teacher is telling us what to do. I dont know
8、 where to go.二、例题分析1. Who do you think youd like _ with you, a boy or a girl? A. to let to go B. letting to go C. to let go D. let go解析：该题考查的是would like to do和let sb. do的固定用法，答案为C。2. John asked David how _ Christmas. A. celebrating B. to celebrate C. to be celebrated D. Celebrated解析：该题考查的是宾语从句的缩写形式，
9、w-疑问句+to do的用法，答案为B。3. Dont make me _ this or that. Im too busy! A. to do B. do C. doing D. Done解析：该题考查的是make sb. Do的固定用法，答案为B。4-What about playing football this afternoon, Sam? -I would rather _ at home than _ footballIts too hot outside. A. stay; playing B. stay; play C. to stay; to play D. to sta
10、y; playing解析：该题考查的是would rather do than do的用法，答案为B。三、达标检测( )1. The headmaster told us _at the Science Museum on time. A. arrive B. arrives C. to arrive D. arriving( )2. Who was the first one _? A. to reach B. to arrive C. to get to D. to arrive at ( )3. Would you please_ your storybook_ me? Sure, Bu
11、t you must return it to me before Wednesday. A. borrow; to B. keep; for C. lend; to D. buy; for( )4. The teacher asked us_the work on time. A. finish B. to finish C. finished D. finishes( )5.- Mum, Im hungry. -What about going to McDonalds _ fried chicken? A. eat B. to eat C. eating D. and eat( )6.
12、We should study the new traffic rules and 1earn how_ ourselves A. protect B. protecting C. Protected D. to protect ( )7.-Have you decided _ to Wuhan? -Yes. Ill go there by train. Its much cheaper than by plane. A. when to go B. where to go C. how to go D. whom to go( )8. Theres no difference between
13、 the two words. I really dont know _. A. what to choose B. which to choose C. to choose which D. to choose what( )9. Our parents often tell us not _ alone in the river in summer. A. swim B.swimming C. to swim( )10. She read the instructions to find out how _ the computer. A. use B. to use C. using D
14、. uses答案：1-5 CBCBB 6-10 DCBB1、专题精讲 知识点一： 常见动词不定式结构及句型 ask sb. (not) to do sth. tell sb. (not) to do sth. advise sb. (not) to do sth. allow sb. (not) to do sth forget to do sth. remember to do sth. want to do sth. would like to do sth. like to do sth.decide to do sth. stop to do sth. seem to do sth.u
15、sed to do sth. be made to do sth. be seen to do sth.be heard to do sth. have sth. to do prefer to do sth.go on to do sth. Its time to do sth. The best time to do sth. Its + adj. (important) + for sb. + to do sth. Its + adj. (kind) + of sb. to do sth. It takes sb. some time to do sth. think it + adj.
16、 (necessary) + for sb. to do sth. find it + adi. (difficult) + for sb. to do sth.方法：熟练朗读及记忆常用词汇、短语相应用法，从句子的结构和成分等方面入手，牢记部分句型结构及易混淆知识的辨析。例1：( ) 1. After the earthquake hit Japan, many international organizations offered .A. to helping B. to help C. helping解析：该题考查的是动词不定式offer to do的用法。答案为B。例2：( ) 2. I
17、ts very nice _ you _ my parents your best wishes. A. of; sending B. of; to send C. for; to send D. for; sending解析：该题考查的是句型结构It is adj. of/for sb. to do sth. 用法。题目中nice是修饰人的品性，答案为B.例3：( ) 3. When people want to relax themselves, they prefer TV or listen to music rather than newspapers. A. watching; r
18、ead B. watching; to read C. to watch; read D. to watch; reading解析：该题考查的是prefer to do rather than do 的用法，答案为C.例4：( ) 4. Toms mother told him _ eating too much meat. A. stopping B. to stop C. stops D. Stopped解析：该题考查的是tell sb. (not) to do sth. 固定用法，答案为B.例5：( ) 5. It took Janet three hours _ reading thi
19、s interesting story. A. to finish B. finished C. finishing解析：该题考查的是It takes (sb.) st. to do sth. 句型结构，答案为A.知识点二： 省略to的动词不定式make sb. (not) do sth. let sb. (not) do sth. see sb. do sth. hear sb. do sth. had better (not) do sth. would rather do sth. than do sth. Why not do sth.=Why dont you do sth. 例1：
20、( ) 1. Tom often makes his brother_, but yesterday he was made _by his brother.A. cry; to cry B. to cry; cry C.cry; cry D. to cry; to cry解析：该题考查的是make后动词不定式省略to及变为被动后要还原to的用法，答案为A。例2：( )2. The assistant wont let you _the cinema if you havent a ticket. A. enter B:to enter C. entering解析：该题考查的是let后动词不定
21、式省略to的用法，答案为A。知识点三： 特殊疑问词的不定式 what to do how to do it when to startwhere to live whom to go with which one to choose例1：( ) 1. -I like this set of sofa so much, but I dont know_ it in my small house. -Youre supposed to put it in the living room.A. where to put B. why to put C. how to put 解析：该题考查的宾语从句
22、的缩略形式之疑问词+不定式用法，答案为A。例2：( ) 2. -Have you decided to go on a picnic this weekend? -Yes, but Im not sure _ there. A. how to get B. where to get C. who to get解析：该题考查的宾语从句的缩略形式之疑问词+不定式用法，答案为A. 二、专题过关 ( ) 1.-Id like to buy an expensive sports car. - Well, Mike, we have got several models_.A. to be chosen
23、 from B. to choose C. to choose from D. for choosing( )2. The man will use what he has_ a camera for his wife.A. to get B. got C. buy D. bought( )3. Mom cant help _the house because shes busy preparing the dinner.A. to clean B. cleaning C. cleaned D. doing the cleaning( )4. We should keep on _ Engli
24、sh every day to improve our spoken English.A. to practice to speak B. to practice speakingC. practice to speak D. practicing speaking( )5. _ the big snake, the little girl stood under the tree_ out of her life.A. Saw, frightened B. Seen, frightened C. Seeing, frightened D. To see, frightened( )6. Im
25、 sorry_ that to you sister, but t didnt mean to hurt her.A. to say B. to have said C. saying D. having said( )7. -Kate would rather _than _during summer vacation.-But her sister prefers sports. A. staying in doors; playing tennis B. stay indoors; play tennisC. to stay in doors; play tennis D. stay i
26、ndoors; to play tennis( )8. His wish is _ a scientist.A.to become B. become C. became D. becoming( )9.His father often warns him_ alone in the river.A. to swim not B. not to swim C. to not swim D. swim not to ( )10. Do you know the best way_ English well? A. learn B. learned C. to learn D. learningK
27、eys: CAADC BBABC学法提炼1、专题特点：1) 动词不定式是一种非谓语动词，没有人称和单复数变化2）构成：to+动词原形；否定式：not + (to) do3）作主语、表语、宾语、语补足语、定语、状语、独立成分。2、解题方法考点：1.疑问词不定式的语序；疑问词的选用。2. 疑问词后接动词的用法。方法：牢记 “语序为陈述；疑问词+to do，疑问词看语境” 3、注意事项1. 疑问代词+不定式单独使用时相当于特殊疑问句；作宾语，相当于名词性从句；2. 并非所有动词都适用于“疑问词+不定式”结构3.疑问代词须接及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语(who, which除外)4. 名词+to d
28、o sth，不定式作定语，起修饰该名词作用。一、 能力培养 ( )1.Mr Wang asked me _ him. A. help B. helps C. to help D. helping( )2.The worker is teaching us _ mend the chair. A. how to B. how C. what to D. when( )3.Wed better _ on the road. A car may hit us. A. not to play B. not play C. to not play D. dont play( )4.Sara is _ t
29、ired _ move after the hard work. A. very, to B. quite, to C. too, to D. so, that( )5.Linda was very sorry for _ late. But the teachers smile made her _ better. A. was, feel B. being, feel C. to be, to feel D. being, felt( )6.Mother made up her mind _ Tom away from school. A. to keep not B. keep not
30、C. not to keep D. not keep( )7.No one told us _ , so we need your help. A.how to do it B.what to do it C.how should we do D.what should we do ( )8.We have to look for a large house _. A. to live in B. to live C. living D. lived( )9.The shoes are too big for him _. A. to wear B. to wear it C. to wear them D. wearing( )10.He made a shoe shelf _ his shoes on. A. to put B. put C. putting D. for putting( )11.Will you please _ make any noise in class? A. not to B. dont C. not D. to not( )12.It took me a
