1、A. will install B. will have been installed C. are installed D. have been installed【答案】B【解析】考查时态和语态。他们正努力确保在2022年北京冬奥会之前安装5G终端。表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作，用将来完成时。“5G终端”和“安装”之间是被动关系，用被动语态，故选B。4【2019新课标II卷语法填空】Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award，proud Irene _64_（declare） she had no plans _to retire_
2、 （retire） from her 36-year-old business.【解析】考查谓语动词的时态。根据上下文可知，该句主语为Irene，此处为谓语成分，根据后文had 以及said 可知用一般过去时态，故填declared。5.【2019语法填空】I dont see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I _66_（make） over the years【答案】are根据该定语从句中的时间状语“over the years”可知，此处用现在完
3、成时态，句意：我喜欢到这里来看看我的家人和我这些年来交到的朋友们。故填have made。6.【2019新课标III卷语法填空】On the last day of our week-long stay，we _69_（invite）to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars【答案】were invited。【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。由“on the last day of our week-long stay”可知，句子时态为一般过去时。根据句意：我们被邀请去参加一场
4、私人音乐会，所以用被动语态。主语为we，故填were invited。7.【2018北京】Hi, Im Peter. Are you new here? I havent seen you around.Hello, Peter. Im Bob. I just _ on Monday.A. start B. have started C. started D. had started【解析】考查时态。嗨，我是彼得。你是新来的吗？我没有在附近见过你。你好，彼得。我是鲍勃。我周一刚刚开始住在这儿。根据两人谈话内容可知，Bob现在在这儿，他开始（start）住在这儿是发生在周一的事情，周一是一个过去
5、的时间，故该句应用一般过去时态，C选项正确。8.【2018江苏】Iwassenttothevillagelastmonthseehowdevelopmentplan_ inpast two years.A. hadbeencarriedout B. would be carried outC. isbeingout D. has been carried out【答案】A【解析】考查时态语态。上个月我被派到村里去看看在过去的两年里发展计划是如何执行的。根据句中时间状语last month和in the past two years可知用过去完成时。故选A。9.【2017北京】People_ b
6、etter access to health care than they used to, and theyre living longer as a result.A. will have B. have C. had D. had had人们有着比过去更好的医疗保险，结果他们更长寿。与过去对比是现在，所以than前一句话是用现在的时间，而且后一句用的就是现在时态，所以前面也用现在时态，故选B。10.【2017天津卷】Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, _ as one of the best all-round form
7、s of exercise.A. regard B. is regarded C. are regarded D. regards【解析】考查动词语态和主谓一致。现在骑自行车，慢跑和游泳被认为是最全面的锻炼方式之一。根据动词短语regardas把看作和句意确定应该用被动语态，排除A和D，再根据主语部分是由介词短语along with 连接的三个动名词做主语，应该谓语动词应该就前一致，即用单数，排除C，故选B。【语法精讲】一、谓语动词 （一）动词的时态和语态题型典题试做考点解读语法填空 （2018全国卷）Diets have changed in Chinaand so too has its
8、top crop. Since 2011, the country has grown （grow） more corn than rice.全国卷）The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005when the government started （start） a soiltesting program that gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmersand 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million ton
9、s.全国卷）True to a gorillas unaggressive nature, the huge animal meant （mean） me no real harm. He was just saying: “Im king of this forest, and here is your reminder！” （2017全国卷）Later, engineers managed （manage） to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels（隧道）, which became known as the Tube.全国卷）Sa
10、rah says，“My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school comes （come） first.”全国卷）Steam engines were used （use） to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.全国卷）Sarah has been told/was told （tell） that she could b
11、e Britains new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year. 时态的考查主要是一般现在时和一般过去时； 考查被动语态的用法； 主谓一致的考查要点一各种时态与语态的构成现在过去将来过去将来主动被动一般do/doesam/is/are donedidwas/were doneshall/ will doshall/will be doneshould/ would doshould/would be done进行am/is/ are doingam/is/are being donewas/were doingwas/
12、were being doneshall/will be doingshall/will be being doneshould/would be doingshould/would be being done完成has/ have donehas/have been donehad done had been doneshall/will have doneshall/will have been doneshould/would have doneshould/would have been donehas/have been doing had been doingshall/will
13、have been doingshould/would have been doing要点二各种时态的用法考点一一、一般现在时1表示经常发生的、习惯性的、反复出现的动作或状态。常与表示习惯的副词（词组）always, every time, now and then, occasionally, often, seldom, never, sometimes, usually, every day/night等连用。（陕西卷）On Monday mornings it usually takes me an hour to drive to work although the actual d
14、istance is only 20 miles.周一早晨开车上班我一般要花费一个小时，虽然实际距离只有20英里。2按时间表、时刻表、日程表等安排将要发生的动作，用一般现在时。只限于go, arrive, leave, start, stay, return, begin, come, close等动词。The shop closes at 11：00 pm.every day.这家商店每天晚上11点关门。3在时间、条件或让步状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。（江苏卷）The president hopes that the people will be better off when he
15、quits than when he started.这位总统希望人民在他离任时比他刚上任时更富有。动词第三人称单数的变化规则一般情况直接加sworkworksgetgetssaysays readreads结尾为s, x, sh, ch或o，在词尾加esdiscussdiscusseswashwashesfixfixesteachteaches gogoes结尾为“辅音字母y”，变y为i再加escarrycarriesstudystudiestrytries flyfliescrycries二、一般过去时1表示过去一段时间内经常性或习惯性的动作。常与often, usually, seldo
16、m 等表示频度的副词连用。还可以表示在过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，与现在没有关系，常与yesterday, the other day, last week, the day before yesterday等表示过去的时间状语连用。（2018北京卷）Hi, Im Peter. Are you new here?嗨，我是彼得。Hello, Peter. Im Bob. I just started on Monday.你好，彼得。我周一才开始住在这儿。2有些句子，虽然没有明确的表示过去的时间状语，但实际上指的是过去发生的动作或状态，也要用一般过去时。常见的此类动词：know, thi
17、nk, expect, want等。（全国卷）Edward, you play so well. But I didnt know you played the piano.爱德华，你弹得真好。但是我原来不知道你会弹钢琴。动词过去式的变化规则一般情况在动词后加edworkworkedplayplayedwantwanted 以e结尾的动词后加dhopehopedlikeliked以“辅音字母y”结尾的动词，变y为i再加edstudystudiedtrytried以重读闭音节或/r/音节结尾，词尾只有一个辅音字母时双写词尾的辅音字母再加edstopstoppedpreferpreferredad
18、mitadmittedpermitpermitted三、一般将来时1“shall/will动词原形”表示现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间状语tomorrow, next year, in一段时间等连用。其中shall通常用于第一人称，will通常用于各种人称。“will动词原形”还可以表示说话时临时做出的决定。（2016北京卷）The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded with success in the end.学生们一直在刻苦学习功
19、课，他们的努力（将来）一定会得到回报。（北京卷）What time is it?几点了？I have no idea. But just a minute, I will check it for you.我不知道。你稍等，我给你查查。2“be going to动词原形”表示按计划、打算要做某事或根据某种迹象预示着要发生某事。（陕西卷）Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters, is going to visit Beijing this summer.史密斯博士将在今年夏天和他的妻子与女儿们一起游览北京。3“be to动词原形”表示按计划
20、或安排即将发生的动作；也可表示职责、义务、意图、禁止等。You are to hand in your papers by 10 oclock.到10点你必须得交上试卷。A meeting is to be held at 3 oclock this afternoon.会议将于今天下午3点举行。4“be about to动词原形”表示正要或即将要做某事，该结构不与表示具体的将来时间状语连用，可与并列连词when（and at this/that time）引导的分句连用。Tom was about to close the windows when his attention was cau
21、ght by a bird.汤姆正要关上窗户，就在这时一只鸟引起了他的注意。对点演练1单句语法填空1（2019陕西西安中学模拟）In a word, mass media will be （be） all the more important in the future and their function will enormously expand.2（2019湖北重点中学高三联考）In Tsinghua, he met his wife Yang Jiang, who was to become a successful playwright and translator, and ma
22、rried （marry） her in 1935.3（2019广东惠州高三调研）Bikesharing is a greener method of transportation and provides （provide） a more friendly experience. 考点二 进行时态一、现在进行时1表示说话时正在进行或表示现阶段正在进行的动作，虽然此时此刻该动作不一定正在进行。（江苏卷）We are facing today a strange new world and we are all wondering what we are going to do with it.
23、我们今天正面对一个陌生的新世界，并且我们都在想我们要如何运用它。2表示位置转移的动词（词组），如：go, come, leave, start, arrive, return, work, sleep, stay, have, wear, run out等，可用现在进行时表示即将发生或计划要做的事。（重庆卷）Food supplies in the floodstricken area are running out. We must act immediately before theres none left.洪灾区的食物供给快要用完了。我们必须在食物吃完前采取行动。二、过去进行时1表示过
24、去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作，常同表示过去的时间状语从句以及at that time, at that moment, at this time yesterday, at ten oclock yesterday等连用。北京卷）Susan had quit her wellpaid job and was working as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.苏珊已经辞去了高薪的工作。去年我去探望她的时候，她正在一个社区里做志愿者。2表示一个过去的动作正在进行时，另一个过去的动作发生了，常与w
25、hen, while引导的时间状语从句连用。北京卷）Jack was working in the lab when the power cut occurred.突然断电时，杰克正在实验室里工作。三、将来进行时表示将来某一时刻或某一时段正在发生或进行的动作，常与一些标志性的时间状语连用，如at this time tomorrow, by then, from 1：30 to 4：30 tomorrow等。（天津卷）Jane cant attend the meeting at 3 oclock this afternoon because she will be teaching a cl
26、ass at that time.简不能参加今天下午三点的会议，因为那个时间段她正在教课。进行时的变化规则一般情况在词尾直接加ingworkworkingstudystudying以不发音的e结尾的动词，去e再加ingwritewritingtaketakingfacefacing“辅音元音辅音”结尾的重读闭音节词， 且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写词尾辅音字母，再加ingcutcuttingbeginbeginningswimswimmingrunrunningputputtingplanplanningstopstopping以ie结尾的动词，变ie为y再加inglielyingdiedyin
27、g对点演练2单句语法填空1（2017北京卷）People have better access to health care than they used to, and they are living （live） longer as a result.2（陕西卷）Can I call you back at two oclock this afternoon?Im sorry, but by then I will be flying （fly） to Beijing. How about five?云南昆明一中模拟）He was working （work） in a government aerospace laboratory when the computer was in a junior level and was a big machine that required huge amount of time to process.考点三完成时态一、现在完成时1表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态到说话时刚刚完成或结束，而对现在仍有影响。常用的时间状语：already
