1、 A 不如 B/ 不超过， 至多 more.than. 与其 . 倒不.（= not as/ so.as）more than=not only 不仅仅. 1）. He works no harder than I.他和我都不用功2）. He doesnt work harder than I.他不如我用功3）. There are no more than seven people in the room. 屋里仅有4）. There are not more than seven people in the room. 屋里至多5）. He is more diligent than cle
2、ver. 与其说他聪明，倒不如说他6）It is more like a meeting than like a party.- It is not as a party as a meeting7）.Mr. Zhang is more than my teacher, he is also my best friend.张先生不仅仅是我的老师，他还是我的朋友4. once.一旦., 表示时间和条件1）.Once you understand what the teacher explained, you will have no difficulty doing the work.2）.On
3、ce you have decided to do something, you should finish it and do it well.5. as if/ as though.（表示与事实相反，用虚拟；若表示即将成为事实或有可能成为事实,则用陈述语）1）He was in great trouble, but he acted as if nothing had happen ed.2）. Although they just met for the first time, they talked as if they had been friends for many years.
4、3）. The clouds are gathering. It looks as if it is going to rain.6. n. /adj. /adv. / v. + as / though +主语+谓语,尽管.引导让从Child as he is, he already knows what career he wants to follow.Try as he might, he couldnt solve the problem. Much as I respect him, I can t agree with his idea.7. whether.or.无论是.还是1）
5、. Whether the weather is good or bad, they will set off as they planned.2）. Any person, whether young or old, has his own worth.8. 疑问词+ever = no matter +疑问词,引导让从或名从句1）.Whichever（=No matter which） you like, you can take it away. You can take away whichever（=any one that） you like （ 名词）2） . Whenever y
6、ou comes, you will be welcome. （ 让步）3） Whatever happens, I will support you. （ 让步）4）. Whoever/ No matter who breaks the law, he will certainly be punished. （让步）Whoever breaks the law will certainly be punished. （ 名词性）5）. However great the difficulty is, we can overcome it. （ 让步）9. if/ as long as/so
7、long as/ providing that/ provided that/ sup posing that/ on condition that 假如.1）. I will lend you money on condition that you can return itwithin 3 months.10. given that/ considering that 考虑到. 鉴于.1）. Given her interest in children/ Given that she is interested in children, Im sure teaching is the ri
8、ght career for her.2）. Considering his age and his experience, he has done well.11. in case that/ in case of. 万一., 以防.1）. In case of fire, please dial 119 at once.2）. In case that John comes/ John should come, tell him to wait.12. 祈使句+ or/otherwise +结果句 或祈使句+ and +结果句Please follow the instruction, o
9、r/otherwise you will do it in vain .Keep exercising and have a balanced diet, and you will be healthy.13. so/such.that.引导结果状语从句时须注意, 当名词前有many,much,little,few修饰时,用 so 不 用 such 因 为 此 时 的 中 心 词 不 再 是 名 词 ， 而 是many,much,little,few 这些表示数量的词。1） .The westerners eat so much fat and sugar that they put on w
10、eight easily.2） .There are so few fish in the lake that we couldnt fish them easily.当名词是单数可数名词，前面又由 adj.修饰时，注意冠词的位置，即 so+adj+a（n）+n 或 such+a（n）+adj.+n He is such an honest person/so honest a person that you can depend on him whenyou are in trouble.（so/as/too/how+adj.+a/an+N.）当 so/such 引导的部分位于句首时，主句要
11、用部分倒装结构Such great progress has he made in his studies that we all admire him.当主从句主语一致时可与动词不定式相互转换, 即变成so/such.as to do 结构。The westerners eat so much fat and sugar as to put on weight easily.14. so that 引导目的状语从句与结果状语从句so that 引导目的状语从句时常与情态动词连用（ =in order that），当主从句主语一致时可转换为 so as to do/in order to do
12、.1） .He turned up the radio a little so that he could hear the news clearly.He turned up the radio a little so as to hear the news clearly.2） .He closed all the windows while driving so that he shouldnt catch cold.（否定句中情态动词用 shouldnt）so that 引导结果状语从句一般不与情态动词连用 He turnedup the radio a little so that
13、he heard the news clearly.15. can never/cant 与 too,too much,enough,搭配表示“无论怎样.都不过分”1） .While you are doing your homework,you cant be careful enough.2） .He is such a great man that we cant praise him too much.16. 不定式作主语，it 作形式主语：It+系动词+adj./n.+for sb.to do（for sb.表示动词不定式动作的执行者）It+系动词+adj.+of sb.to do（
14、of sb.既表示动词不定式动作的执行者有表示人所具备的性质或特征）17. 不定式作宾语主+think/consider/believe/make/feel+it+adj./n.+forsb./of sb.+to 1）.I feel it foolish of him to believe such a man.2）.The timely rain had made it possible for the crops to grow well.18. wont/cant have sb.doing/done 不能容忍某行为发生1） .You are too rude,and I wont h
15、ave you speaking to Mother like that again.2）.We cant have anything done against the school rules.19. It is said/thought/hoped/believed.thatsb is said/thought/hoped/believed to do.1） .It is said that he is studying abroad.-He is said to be studying abroad.2） .It is considered that many countries hig
16、hly value Chinas role in helping worlds peace.Many countries is considered to highly value Chinas role in promoting worlds peace.20. 表示过去原打算干，却未曾实现的愿望、打算或意图. hadhopedtodo=hopedtohavedone. 类似的词还有： expect,think,intend,design,plan,mean,suppose etc.would like/prefer/love to have done was/were to have do
17、newas/were supposed to have done1） .-Did you go to see the film“Titanic”last night? -Id like to have,but I had an unexpected guest.2） .The plane was to have taken off at 7 thismorning,but was held up by the heavy fog.21. How did sb come to do.?=How come.为什么会./是怎么回事？表示要求对所发生的事情说明理由或做出解释1） .How did yo
18、u come to find out where shes living?=How come you found out你是怎么打听到她住在哪儿的?2） .How come you sat there,doing nothing? 为什么坐在那儿什么也不干?3）.How did he come to be so foolish?22. when it comes to.当谈到或涉及到1）.He is a man of few words,but when it comes to playing computer,he will be excited and full of energy.2）.
19、When it comes to helping his wife with the housework,John never complains.23. every time/each time/next time/the first time/any time等短语引导时间状语从句，表示“每当.,每次.,下次.”1）.Every time you meet with new words while reading,dont always refer to your dictionary.2）Next time you come,do remember to bring your son h
20、ere. 3）You are welcome to come back any time you want to.24. There is（no）needtodo./for.Itis（not）necessary for sb.to do.There is（no）hope/chance/possibility of doing. There is（no）difficulty/point/sense（in）doing1） .Is there any chance of our winning the match?2） .There is no point in discussing the pro
21、blem again.25. It is up to sb.to do sth.应由某人来做某事.1） -When shall we start out?-Its up to you to decide.2） .Its up to you to babysit my son while I am away on business.26. be up to sth.忙于.,从事.,胜任（不要求掌握）1） .John isnt really up to that job.约翰不适合干那项工作2）.What have you been up to recently? 最近你一直在忙些什么27.It
22、is time to do/It is time that+主语+动词的一般过去式该是做.的时候了 It is time that we ended the discussion. 28.it 强调句：基本构成形式：It is/was+被强调部分+who/that+原句剩余部分e.g.I met him in the street yesterday afternoon.It was I who/thatmet him in the street yesterday afternoon.（强调是我，不是别人） It was him who/that I met in the street ye
23、sterday afternoon.（强调我遇见的是他，不是别人）It was in the street that I met him yesterday afternoon.（强调是在大街上，不是在别的地方，强调的是地点，但不用 where, 用了 where 表示地点状语从句） It was yesterday afternoon that I met him in the street（ 强调是昨天下午，不是在别的时候,强调的是时间，但不用 when）强调句的一般疑问句：Is/Was it+被强调部分+who/that+原句剩余部分强调句的特殊疑问句What/When/Where/Wh
24、o/Howis/was it+who/that+原句剩余部分1） .Who was it that/who you met in the street yesterday afternoon?Tell me who it was that/who you met in the street yesterday afternoon?29. do,did,does 用于强调谓语动词，加强语气1） .He is a good student.-He does be a good student2） .He helped us yesterday.He did help us yesterday.3）
25、 .Be careful!Do be careful!30. There be 句型：there be 之后如有几个并列主语，be 动词的选择要取决于第一个主语，即就近原则There be 句型中，be 动词还有其他变化形式，常见的有：There seem to be,There happen to be,There used to be,There is likelyto be,There have been/has been 等1）.There seems/appears to be much hope of our team winning the match.2）.There happ
26、ened to be nobody in the room when I came in. 3）.There have been great changes in my hometown since 1978. 4）.There used to be a bus station at the corner of the street.5）.There are likely to be more difficulties than expected while we are carrying out the plan.There be 句型的独立主格结构作状语：（有连词，用句子，没有连词，用独立
27、结构）1）.There being no buses,we had to walk home.=Because there were no buses,we had to walk home.2）.There having been no rain for a long time,the crops in the field died.=Because there had beenno rain for a long time,the crops in the field died.There be 句型的非谓语形式：1） .I dont want there to be any misund
28、erstanding between us.2） .We expect there to be a chance of studying abroad.3）.It is usual for there to be a generation gap between parents and children.31. not/never.until 直到.才e.g.The villagers didnt realize how serious the pollution wasuntil all the fish died in the river.It was not until all the
29、fish died in the river that the villagers realized how seriousthe pollution was.（强调句）Not until all the fish died in the river did the villagersrealize how serious thepollution was.（倒装句）32. would rather+从句（从句要用虚拟语气，即从句中谓语动词用一般过去式，表示现在或将来的愿望；从句中谓语动词用过去完成时，表示对过去的愿望）1）.Id rather you posted the letter rightnow.我想让你现在就把信寄出去。2） .-A friend of yours will come to see you today.-Id rather he came here tomorrow.我倒情愿他明天来。3） Id rather you were not a celebrated actor.In that case,wecould
