1、 and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number 中（ 位 数 ）of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that.z.x.xkAlready well over 400 of the total of, 6,800 languages are
2、 close to extinction 消（ 亡 ）, with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon （eight remaining speakers）,Chiapaneco in Mexico（150）. Lipan Apache in the United States（two or three）or Wadjigu in Australia （one, with a question-mark）: none of these seems to have much chance of
3、survival.28. What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times? A. They developed very fast. B. They were large in number. C. They had similar patters. D. They were closely connected29. Which of the following best explains dominant underlined in paragraph 2？A. Complex. B. Advanced.C. Powerf
4、ul. D. Modern.30. How many languages are spoken by less than 6, 000 people at present?A. About 6,800. B. About 3,400. C. About 2,400. D. About 1,200. 31. What is the main idea of the text? A. New languages will be created.B. Peoples lifestyles are reflected in languagesC. Human development results i
5、n fewer languages.D. Geography determines language evolution.【答案】28. B29. C30. B31. C议论文篇（2018 年全国 IID）are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortableWeve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who1silence
6、.Whats the problem? Its possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. Its more likely that none of us start a conversation because its awkward and challenging, or we think its annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk
7、 is worth the trouble. Experts say its an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we cant forget that deep relationships wouldnteven exist if it werent for casual conversation. Small talk is the grease润（ 滑剂） for socialcommunication, s
8、ays Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast. Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk, he explains. The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.In
9、a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction 互（ 动 ） with its waiter; the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported
10、 significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience.Its not thattalking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband,says Dunn. But interactions withperipheral（边缘的） members of our social network matter for our wel-lbeing also.Dunn believes that people who reach out to
11、 strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk. Small talk is the basis of good manners, he says.32. What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph?A. Addiction to smartphones.B. Inapp
12、ropriate behaviours in public places.C. Absence of communication between strangers.D. Impatience with slow service.33. What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci?A. Showing good manners. B.Relating to other people.C. Focusing on a topic. D.Making business deals.34. What does t
13、he coffee-shop study suggest about small talk?A. It improves family relationships. B. It raises peoples confidence. C. It matters as much as a formal talk. D. It makes people feel good. 35. What is the best title for the text?A. Conversation Counts B. Ways of Making Small TalkC. Benefits of Small Talk D. Uncomfortable Silence【答案】32. C 33. B 34. D 35. C【解析】这是一篇议论文。在当今社会，人们在公共场合或沉迷于智能手机，或与不舒服的沉默抗争，陌生人之间缺乏沟通。但人与人之间是需要适当的交谈闲聊的，闲聊是人际关系社会交往必不可少的部分，而且也有很多好处。
